This man you often see in physical textbooks only go to elementary school for two years

September 22, 1791 is an important day in the history of science. On this day of the most influential figure in the future science development, Michael Farad came to the world.

Michael Faraday

Faraday was born in a blacksmith's home in New Einson, Sali County, England. Due to his poor family, he dropped out of school for only two years in elementary school. Faraday, who has not been educated in regular schools, eventually became a great physicist and chemist. He was one of the most influential characters in the history of science in the 19th century.

There is a diary in the world, which is a striking scientific literature. In the diary, a neat handwriting records his laboratory work from 1820 to 1862. His thinking and opportunities, dreams and confusion, distress and distress, success and excitement are all jumped in the yellowish paper pages that are already yellowed. superior.

In 1932, the Royal Society of the United Kingdom has been compiled and published, with a total of 7 volumes of 3263 pages, and thousands of illustrations are attached, reflecting the footprints of Faraday's scientific life and his various achievements.

In terms of physics, Faraday first revealed the essence of electricity, and first proposed basic concepts such as "electrostatic", "power", "electrolytic", and "magnetic". He broke the five different forms of misunderstandings in five different forms of different forms of electricity, friction, volt -electricity, electromagnetic induction electricity, and animal electricity. Different from phenomena.

He used iron dumbs to introduce the concept of "magnetic line", and used it to explain the magnetic effects between magnets and magnets, magnets and flow coils, or flowing coils. The presence. The proposition of the glorious thinking of the material field is a qualitative leap in the understanding of material interaction. It has an important impact on Maxwell's establishment of electromagnetic field theory. It has triggered the cross -century development of electromagnetic research.

When studying the magneticity of the material, he discovered the anti -magnetic material. He also studied the effect of magnetic field on the state of light polarization, and discovered the phenomenon of magnetic glory, which revealed the connection between light and electromagnetic and electromagnetic waves. The characteristics of the characteristics have established an important foundation. Faraday also invented the electromagnetic rotation disc, which became the source of the birth of the generator in the future. The most worth mentioning is that Faraday revealed the corresponding relationship between electrical and magnetic, and established the law of electromagnetic induction. The status of the law in electromagnetics can be comparable to the status of the second law of Newtonian mechanics in mechanics.

As a chemist, he discovered benzene; completed the development of alloy steel and heavy glass; the first gold phase analysis method was created; the experiment studied the chlorine cage type hydrophobic material, this special substance with high dive heat became the refrigeration equipment Important heat transfer medium; he established a method of preparing hex chloride and tetrachlomythylene with replacement reactions; he used a low -temperature pressurization method to invented the liquefaction method of hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen. More importantly, when explaining the essence of current, he studied the effects of current on acid, alkali, and salt solution, and established two electrolytic laws. The study laid the foundation, and both laws were named after his name.

Farad's chemistry laboratory

Due to the prejudice of Britain's hierarchy at that time and Faraday teacher Henry David, his results were not valued for a long time, until 1824 finally attracted the attention of the scientific community. In January of this year, Faraday was selected as a member of the Royal Society of the United Kingdom; in 1825, he replaced David as the director of the laboratory of the Royal Society Research Institute; in 1833, he became a civilian who boarded the Royal Institute of Fuller Ryan The first person, this is the most influential lifelong professor seat in British chemistry research.

How did he come to the peak of academic peaks without system education?

In order to overcome the weaknesses of his lack of education, the only way to Faraday is not to let everything you can learn and learn stubbornly. When the 13 -year -old was booked in a bookstore, he regarded the pile of books as his "library", and found the fingers bright light in "British Encyclopedia" and "Chemical Talk"; he participated in the youth scientific organization at the time- - London Philosophy Society, regarded it as his own "social university", tuned the basic knowledge of physics, chemistry, astronomy, geology, and meteorology; when he listened to the series of lectures of the famous chemist David, he meticulously sorted out the lessons. Notes, bind it into a "Sir Henry David Lecture Collection" with more than 300 pages; in the long -distance travel of Dai Wei as an experimental assistant, his public identity and treatment are servants, although this has made His heart was very painful, but the poverty -stricken background and struggle experience created him, so that he learned "endurance", "waiting" and "calming the mentality". "Indirect learning" during travel is even more learned than generally learned. The communication between the famous scholars made him eye -catching, inspiring many of his fresh ideas, increasing his experience, and by the way, he also learned French and Italian.

Chemist David

The biggest contribution of Faraday in physics is to establish the relationship between electrical and magnetic and laid the foundation for the establishment of Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. If Maxwell theory is a building, Faraday has paved the cornerstone for the building. The most important cornerstone is the law of electromagnetic induction he founded.

In 1820, Ost discovered the magnetic phenomenon of electricity and became a sensation in the history of physics. This incident prompted people to think about a problem. Since the electrical energy is raw magnet, can the magnetic be used for electricity? People want to find the inverse effect of the current magnetic effect. This incident also aroused Farad's interest. He firmly believed that there must be a corresponding relationship between electricity and magnetic, and the inverse effect of magnetic biological electricity must exist. In 1831, he started to reveal the mystery. He placed the stream in one room, put the coil and magnet in another room, and connected the coil to the test stream through a small window.

When doing experiments, he first inserted the magnet into the coil, and then went to the other room to see the stream plan. The pointer did not swing, indicating that there was no current; swing. Does magnet have no effect on the coil? Helplessly, he took the coil with the magnet inside and took it back to the laboratory. At the moment he pulled out the magnet, the pointer of the test plan suddenly swinged a bit. He put the magnet in the coil and swing again. Essence He suddenly realized that the "electricity of magnetic life" was the transient current that appeared when the magnet was inserted or pulled out of the coil.

Then he did another group of experiments. He winds two coils, the thin coil is connected to the power, and the thick coil is connected to the test stream plan, as shown in the figure below.

The intention of this experiment is obvious. The coil connected to the power supply is an electromagnet. If the other coil has an inductive current, the pointer of the test plan will definitely turn. Sure enough, at the moment when the fine coil was inserted or pulled out, the pointer pointer was biased; then he put the thin coil into the thick coil, and the moment when the fine coil was passed or power -off, the pointer pointer also occurred also occurred. Turn partial. In this way, Faraday performed dozens of experiments in accordance with his preset plan, and finally found the law of magnetic biological electrical electrical. This is the law of electromagnetic induction.

In October 1831, Faraday finally successfully completed the electromagnetic induction experiment, and he learned a public demonstration in the Royal Society. This phenomenon reveals the relationship between the electric field and the magnetic field, which is further developed into an electromagnetic field theoretical equation by Maxwell.

Unlike other famous scientists, Farad's fame has made him more appreciate the urgent mood of ordinary people in the heart, so that he pays more attention to the popularization of science to the public, especially to make young people love and know scientific knowledge. At his suggestion, the Royal Society of Britain set up a "Friday Lecture", retiring from 1826 to 1862, and he gave a total of more than 100 speeches.

Faraday in 1856 was doing Christmas speech

In addition, he gave a speech to the "Christmas lecture" held by the Royal Society each year. His speech was equipped with an experimental demonstration, which was easy to understand and fascinating. Later generations brought together a book based on his lectures, and wrote a book "The Story of Candle". This book has been translated as a variety of words and has become a model of popular science readings.

Faraday said to his friends that scientific work should be "like a torch, from the beginning of shining, endlessly maintaining unremitting magnificence." Therefore, the tradition of the Royal Society has been circulating so far, and has always maintained "unremitting magnificence".

Faraday's reputation and status were performed. His answer was, "I am just an ordinary person. If I accept the honor that the Royal Society is added to me, I can't guarantee my honesty and upright, and I can't even guarantee it for a year."

For the same reason, he also declined the position of the president of the Royal Academy. When the British royal family decided to grant him the title of Jazz, he said: "Faraday, a civilian, does not want to become a noble." Many people do not understand it. In comparison with the "thunderstorm" on the Brighton Plateau, what is the gorgeous of the court? Compared with the "sunset", what can everything in the royal family be counted? In his heart, 'thunderstorm' and 'sunset' ' It can arouse a kind of ecstasy; in his mind, those worldly glory and wealth, of course, are worthless. "He then said," One party can get 150,000 pounds of property without the power of ash, and one party is completely complete Without compensation research, he chose the second type, and then he was in poor end. "This is the solemn choice of a blacksmith's son and a booked apprentice.

On August 25, 1867, Faraday thanked the world, in accordance with his last wishes, the tombstone only engraved his name and the year of birth.

The statue of Faraday in the cemetery in London

Later generations chose Fara as a capacitor unit to commemorate the master of the physics -Prometheus that ignited the fire species in the real world.

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Edit: Tibetan idiot

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