Liu Daoyu: Academic research can slow down the footsteps appropriately

Text/Liu Daoyu

Academic research is being created, frivolous and mania is the enemy of academic research. Academic miracles only favor people with care. They should be those scholars who are clear -hearted and poverty. Only with perseverance and being able to bear loneliness can academic miracles patronize you.

When I proposed this proposition, it seemed uncomfortable, because in the era of the new technological revolution, with the intensification of market competition, people were pursuing high speed, high efficiency and fast pace as fashion. The reason why I raised this problem was the inspiration from the purpose of the International Slow City Alliance. Since the information revolution, with the globalization of economy and culture, the pace of people's life is getting faster and faster. This not only has not brought a good life to people, but has continued to rise in the incidence and mortality of the urban population. Therefore, in October 1999, the International Slow City Alliance was born in the city of Olvyol, Italy. Its purpose is "people -oriented, realizing the ultimate ideal of human settlement." The Slow City Alliance is now in the ascendant, and 135 cities in 24 countries have joined, which seems to sweep the global trend. It should be said that the birth of slow city is by no means accidental. It is a rebellion that is fast for everything, which should also verify the rules that must be reversed. If people's life and public society rhythm is slow, then in view of the particularity of academic research, academic research needs to be slower. Only in the "cold environment" can the ultimate truth of the universe be poverty.

Learning and surgery

What is academics? The word academics has a wide meaning, and it is mentioned in many places in Sima Qian's "Historical Records". If you refer to learning and knowledge, Liang Hexun in the Southern Dynasties in the poem "Bring the Floor Brothers": "The kid has no academic, Ding Ning is sleepy in the negative salary." Qigu, academic profound ". Generally, people use academics as a vocabulary to understand and use. The interpretation of the authoritative "Modern Chinese Dictionary" is: "Systematic, more specialized academic. ,and many more.

In fact, the word academic is composed of the word and the word of the technique. They refer to the two different concepts related to knowledge. Liang Qichao was the representative of the "enlightenment of thought in the late Qing Dynasty. In 1911, he made a clear definition of them in the article" Learning and Square ". Those who are also surgery also take the truth of the invention. " Examples; the surgeon is based on the knowledge of known. The scholars know, the surgery is the master. " It, its interpretation is: "Academic is related to schools and colleges, scholars, non -technical or practical, only pay attention to theory."

Science based on knowledge is classified. Modern science usually divides science into three categories, namely basic science, applied science and development technology. Since science is classified, the department that undertakes scientific research should also be divided into division of labor. Generally speaking, the Academy of Sciences and a minority research university undertake basic scientific research. It is engaged in technical development research. This model basically gets international consensus. Taking Germany as an example, the country has two largest academic groups, one is the Max Planck Society, with 70 subordinates of the subordinates, and they attach more importance to basic research; Engage in application science research. What is their difference? In response, Peter Gruce, chairman of the German Max Planck Society, gave a scientific and concise answer. He said that the former was a knowledge platform for research as research, while the latter studied on the existing knowledge platform. Simply put, basic science research is answered: What is this? why is that? And application technology research is answered: What is the use of this? What is the benefit of this?

However, looking at the situation of scientific research in my country, the division of labor of various departments has not been so clear that universities are misplaced. For example, some research universities have proposed to go to the economy's main battlefield, and spend great energy to engage in application technology research. As a result, "picking up sesame seeds, but lost watermelon." However, other non -key universities, out of the needs of vanity, desperately squeezed into research universities, squeezed together doctoral points, and engaged in basic scientific research. Basic scientific research in my country is an indisputable fact. The main reason is that pragmatism occupies a dominant position in scientific research. We must fully understand the importance of basic research in order to catch up with the academic level of developed countries.

Exaggeration is the taboo of academic research

In the early 1990s, it was an inflection point in the history of my country's economic development. The sign was the indicator of GDP. In the field of higher education, universities merged, college renamed, the college was upgraded, and the large leap forward enrollment was higher than the waves, which lasted for nearly 20 years. Scientific research in universities, whether it is a thesis or a patent, seeks more or not, the amount of quantity is not qualified, plagiarism, plagiarism are repeatedly banned. , Severely defiled the holy territory of the university. A good style of learning requires several generations to cultivate, and once the study style is destroyed, it will affect generations.

China is the world's largest population, but this first is not explained, the most fundamental is the per capita proportion. For example, there are 811,14 million scientific and technological R & D personnel, ranking first in the world; science and technology papers for 6 consecutive years are second in the world, and the number of patent applications is first in the world for 5 consecutive years. In fact, these firsts do not prove the level of science and authenticity of a country, and it cannot reflect the innovation ability of a country. A clear contrast is Japan, and the population is not one -tenth of China. So far, 22 people have won the Nobel Prize, covering various fields in physics, chemistry, medicine and literature, and especially the most prominent in the last 14 years. Among them, almost one person awarded every year, and the award rate has exceeded the United States. China is dwarfed, and there is only one physiological or medical award in the scientific field. As far as the invention patent is concerned, although China's invention patent has ranked first in the world for 5 consecutive years, how high is the gold content? The invention patent includes new products, new methods, the shape, packaging and design of the product, and we actually account for more than 60%of the latter. Some large companies in China apply for tens of thousands of patents each year. This is the act of protecting their own interests. It is not any substantial innovation. According to reports, the main profit of many US companies comes from intellectual property rights, and property rights transactions are $ 370,000, while the revenue of Chinese property transactions can be ignored. This is the flaw of my country's patent.

In literary creation, he also blindly pursued short, flat, and fast. A movie killed you for three days, and wrote hundreds of thousands of words of "most heads" a week. The annual output of my country's film is 6 or seven hundred, and the annual output of TV series is more than 20,000 episodes. It publishes 4,500 novels each year, but what is the sales? There are many works, and before entering the market, they turned into the warehouse. Mo Yan is the first Nobel Prize winner in my country. His award -winning work "Frog" has only printed 200,000 copies. This is a little witch to see the big witch compared with the motion of the world's famous masterpieces.

Last June, a movie box office forum was held in Shanghai. Some people proposed that the Chinese film box office is about to surpass the United States. In this regard, Li An, who won the Oscar Best Director Award twice, has the most say. He believes: "The Chinese film industry has just started, and slowly. I hope it is the beginning, not a peak, and don't let young people impetuous. The film industry is not done overnight. "

We must calmly see that in the fields of academic research, literary creation, patent application, publishing industry, film production and other fields, there are exaggerations to varying degrees, and its evil fruit is rough. Lao Tzu said in the Tao Te Ching: "If you lose your roots light, you lose your monarch." "Virtual fire" is too strong. We should see that the research of hot environment or mass movement can only lead to exaggeration and crudeness. The academic research should be slowed down. First of all, the mentality of our scientists, writers, inventors, and publishers must calm down, and advocate the spirit of the bench for ten years and ten years of grinding a sword. Only in this way can the handed down classics be born.

Academic miracles need to wait long

Throughout the history of human scientific discovery and invention, all major academic miracles are not achieved overnight. What is an academic miracle? In my opinion, those who can be regarded as miracles should include: the Nobel Prize in the scientific field, the World Award of each level of disciplines, the establishment of a scientific school that subverts the traditional theory, the major discovery and invention of the ancient and ancient, inherit the academic classic of hundreds of years or even thousands of years, Works, etc. Obviously, the achievements of these achievements are by no means to do it in one battle, and it takes a long time to go.

Take the Nobel Prize, for example, according to statistics, in the middle of 114, a total of 889 people won this honor, of which 40 % of them accounted for 40 %. Among these award -winning results, except for very few people who are lucky lucky, most of them are the result of the poor scriptures. For example, American physicist Raymond Davis has been researching the microons in the universe for 40 years and only won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2002; the winner of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Physics is Three Americans took 10 years and after 30 years of testing; the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004 was two Israeli chemists, and their research has gone through a long 35 -year long process. For another example, Robert Edward, a professor of science at Cambridge University in the UK, is known as the father of a "IVF". After 20 years, he finally trained the first IVF Louis Brown, but he was 85 years old. Only won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 32 years.

Recently, the media reported the five scientific experiments with the longest time in the world. One of them was asphalt dripping experiments, which was conducted by Australian physicist Thomas Panel and others. They took 85 years and observed that the seemingly solid asphalt can also flow. There will be a drop of asphalt every 6 to 20 years, and only 8 drops are dripped so far, and only one papers have been published during this time. The significance of this experiment is that the solid and liquid state of matter is relative and can be transformed. The problem is to find their critical point. The study won the 2005 Funny Nobel Prize in Physics. Its significance is not the scientific contribution, but the impact on historical and cultural. The experiments also calculated the viscosity of the asphalt. It is 230 billion times the viscosity of the water. This ratio is really an astronomical number. Just one point, it can flow. In terms of literary creation, it can also reflect the law of "slow work and work". For example, Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" has been written for ten years, reviewed ten years, and 5 years; Sima Qian wrote "Historical Records" for 15 years; Li Shizhen wrote "Compendium of Materia Medica" for 27 years; Xu Xiake wrote "Xu Xia Ke Travel" for 34 years; Tolstoy The creation of "War and Peace" lasted 37 years; Goethen's energy of his life has created the giant "Faust", and so on. Such examples are endless. Compared with some urgent chapters in the literary circles in China today, it is simply a lot, and people should be deeply reflected.

The above -mentioned examples have fully proved that the exaggeration of academic research is creating, and the creation is the process from scratch. Therefore, academic miracles only favors people with care. They should be those who are clear -hearted and poverty. Only with perseverance and being able to bear loneliness can academic miracles patronize you. If anyone is unwilling to pay, then he will want to gain a gain; if there is no perseverance of the solitary, you will also want to have the taste of life of academic miracles!

About the author: Liu Daoyu, male, born on November 24, 1933, from Liupo Village, Caiyang Town, Zaoyang, Hubei, a famous educator, chemist, and social activist.

Edit: Liu Qihan

Source: Guangming Daily

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