Yang Hongyuan: "Capital" philosophical research with Chinese characteristics

Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Digest" 2022, No. 8 P27 -P28

Author: Yang Hongyuan Unit: Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the original title "Theory of Capital" Philosophy Research ", was taken from" Journal of Peking University "2022, No. 1

As a "peak" of Marx's thoughts, "Capital" has been introduced in China since the beginning of the 20th century, accompanied by an artillery in the October Revolution, and has quickly caused widespread and profound discussion in the theoretical and ideological circles. Starting with the basic ideas and main contents of Li Dazhao in the article "My Outlook on Marxism", the main content of "Capital Theory" is the main point. After more than a hundred years of efforts of philosophy and social science workers, the philosophical research industry in China has presented "The potential" reflects the highest level of Chinese Marxist classics. Looking at the journey of Chinese philosophical research in China, whether it is the theme, vision, methods and content, or ideas, perspectives, achievements, and contributions, it shows that it has become an independent research field, showing the "Capital" philosophy of China. Symptoms of characteristics.

Express Chinese characteristics in comparative research

It is self -evident that Chinese characteristics are the basic position of Chinese philosophical research in China. The formation of this basic position has constructed the development of China's economy, politics, culture, society, and ecological civilization, so as to realize the "self -proposition" of theory, which is reflected in comparative research and academic dialogue.

For a half century and a half, the foreign theoretical community has taken the construction and reflection of the Marxist philosophy system as its main clue, forming some influential research paradigms of "Capital".

The first is the preliminary interpretation of the "traditional system". Taking the historical view of materialism and the dialectics of materialism as the main content, it is supplemented by Marxist political economics research, and the "traditional system" interpretation paradigm of the "Capital" philosophy of "capital theory" is fully established.

The second is the system reflection under "problem consciousness". Along with the "traditional system" interpretation paradigm of the "Capital" philosophy, the two -type reflection paradigm with "problem consciousness" -s "grafting" of Western Marxism and the "removal" of Eastern European New Marxism - Already formed. "Capital" philosophical "problem consciousness" reflecting the generation of paradigm, which symbolizes the huge changes in the 20th century philosophical thinking, especially the division, confrontation, and blending between humanistic and scientificism. Under the social situation of institutional changes, thinking about the mission of Marxist philosophy.

The third is the diversified expansion in "Construction of the Story". In the 1980s, the compilation principles of "Marxology" and "Complete Works of Marx" and "Max Engels" gradually emerged, making the trend of "scientific construction" in the study of "Capital" research increasingly obvious. Only the organic combination of version research and text interpretation, ideological interpretation, and dialectical unity of system construction are the correct ways of "the construction of academic theory" in the philosophy of "Capital".

Compared with the main paradigm and its achievements of the philosophical research abroad, related research in China is not too much. From the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 to the late 1970s, under the influence of the "traditional system" interpretation paradigm, Wang Yannan's "Research on Capital" and Wu Chuanqi's "Dialectics of Capital", etc. The theoretical achievements, around the logical structure, main category, materialist view of materialism, the historical ideas of the materialism, the idea of ​​dialectics, and the criticism of political economy. After the reform and opening up, domestic scholars broke through the restraint of the traditional philosophical textbook system and greatly expanded the research space of the philosophy of "Capital". On the one hand, through the basic role of material production, the dialectical relations between productivity and production relations, and demonstrating the thoughts of social organisms, etc., continuously enrich the connotation of the historical historical view of the "Capital Theory", and combine it from the combination of philosophy and political economy The dimension is examined. On the other hand, starting with the subjectivity of practice, a new discussion has been made on the social existence, the social form of the economy, the value of the people, and the development of human beings in the "Capital theory". The "derivatives" of these research results seem to reflect on the paradigm, but they have actually contained China's "local logic", which reflects a in -depth inspection of the historical development of Chinese social history.

Since the 21st century, the study of the philosophy of "Capital" has entered a new stage, breaking through the narrow vision of testing and using the historical materialist view, re -understanding Marx's philosophy in political economics criticism, and returning to "Capital Theory" as ideological works. Positioning of non -single discipline works. Based on this, from the theoretical purpose, methodology, dialectics, discourse revolution, capital logic, modernity, Chinese road, new form of civilization, etc., leading the philosophy of "Capital" has continued to become academic hotspots over the years. If the philosophical research of foreign "Capital" has become more and more weakened because of the attention of science, then the philosophical research of "Capital" with Chinese characteristics is increasingly demonstrated in the practice of Chinese roads. The adherence to the basic position of the philosophy of "Capital" with Chinese characteristics should be deepened by it.

The organic combination of text thought and Chinese road

The basic position of the study determines the scope of the research object. In comparative research, Chinese characteristics are demonstrated, and the internal requirements of the philosophical research of "Capital Theory" with Chinese characteristics must not be limited to the text level, that is, "Capital Theory" and its manuscripts. Instead, the text ideas should be organically combined with Chinese roads.

As the axis of the structure of modern society, the relationship between capital and labor is a major theme of "Capital", and the grasp of it constitutes a link that cannot be around in the process of modernization. It can be seen that the openness and development of "Capital" are reflected in the process of modernization. Looking at the Chinese road from the dimension of world history, it is the process of China's shift from backward agricultural countries to socialist modern power. In the process of openness and development, liberating labor and driving capital are its inevitable mission and tasks. Starting from the largest national conditions in the primary stage of socialism in China, insisting on the position of public ownership and the dominant position of the state -owned economy, insist on coexisting according to labor distribution as the main body and various distribution methods; The mechanism of contributing to contributing to determining compensation can be achieved to achieve the unity of efficiency and fairness; improve the needs of socialist production and continuously meet the needs of the people's growing good life; develop a socialist market economy, use the socialist system with Chinese characteristics to regulate the logic of capital, improve the improvement of the socialist system, improve The ability to control capital ... Isn't it a true portrayal of the organic combination of the Chinese road and the "capital theory"? More importantly, in the modern and complex systems of modern society composed of labor, capital, and the country, China has opened up a profound change in advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities, creating a new form of modern Chinese -style modernization and human civilization. Continuously write the new era of "Capital". Methodism under practical problem -oriented methodology refinement

Taking the organic combination of text thoughts and Chinese roads as research objects, it is inseparable from certain methodology as a support.

Under the guidance of practical issues, the realization of the realization of the philosophical research of "Capital" with Chinese characteristics should first go back to the creative process of "Capital Theory" to clarify the social reality and its development status at that time in order to clarify the main reality issues; then " The relevant expositions in the Capital Theory are compared with it to review whether these discussions are closely linked to the pulse of the development of the times, whether it can comprehensively and objectively present real problems, and whether the crux of real problems is clear. Solving ideas, etc.; Finally refine the ideological views that contain it and can rise to the methodology level. The method theory of "Capital", which is oriented to realistic problems, is attributed to the following progress:

First, by comprehensively sorting out the creative history of the "Capital Theory", it confirms the decisiveness of the change of realistic problems in the internal logic and narrative structure of "Capital". Secondly, based on the detailed interpretation and analysis of the main content of the "Capital theory", Marx refine the methodology formed by Marx's discussions on real problems. Third, learn from the basic thinking of solving real problems in the Capital Theory and the comparative research on different social and historical phenomena, and seek the cracking way of real problems in today's realistic problems. Fourth, combined with practical problems such as capitalist critical history, globalization trend, and Chinese roads, re -release the contemporary value of "Capital Theory".

The meaning of realization of world historical significance

Regardless of the world historical theory of "Capital", the way to "participate" in modern world history, or the practical experience of Chinese roads and the world's historical significance of the world, it should become the philosophical research of the "Capital" philosophy of "Capital" to realize its ideological purpose of Chinese characteristics. The meaning of the question. It is worth noting that in recent years, domestic scholars focusing on the world historical theory of "Capital", from the aspects of the context, basic orientation, main content, and practical significance of the text. Theoretical point of view. For example: the basic literature and basic principles of the world historical theory of "Capital"; deepening the history of materialism and the development of the world history theory of "Capital"; Vision; "Capital" to crack the "Mystery of Capital" and "Mystery of World History"; "The Manuscript of Economics of 1857-1858" in the turnaround position of the historical theory of Marx World; Thoughts are actually a potential whole; the influence of "Capital" on the modern world and real history. The philosophical research of "Capital Theory" with Chinese characteristics should fully absorb these existing results and further deepen.

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