[The rhyme of the twenty -four solar terms reward the beauty of Chinese culture] The summer solstice is strong, and the harmonious coexistence of man and nature

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June 21st

May 23rd

summer

to

Also known as

"Summer Solstice"

"Summer Festival"

Tang Dynasty poet Wei Yingwu

Written in "Summer Solstice Summer North Pool"

The day of the day is extremely cloudy

Naughty leak

Summer solstice is one year in my country

The longest day of day

After the summer solstice

Move the direct sunlight to the south

Since then, the day is shorter and the night is getting longer

｜ Liu Sicheng Dalian News Media Group reporter Peng Hang ｜

Yin and yang conversion

time frame

Yang Qi began to decline, and yin began to grow.

Every solar terms in the twenty -four solar terms are refined by the outstanding characteristics of this solar terms. my country is located in the northern hemisphere. In terms of geographical location, the "summer solstice" is the longest day in my country and the shortest night in China. Entering the summer solstice season also means that the long and short nights of the day and nights are gradually shifted. The sunshine time will gradually shorten, the yang will begin to decline, and the yin will begin to grow.

From the three things in the summer solstice, it can also be seen that the subtle changes of the yin and yang qi have disappeared: "One waiting for the antlers; the two waiting cicadas start; I felt the germination of Yin Qi began to bulge, and a kind of herbal medicine in Pinellia began to grow.

The poems in the "Summer Solstice N Japanese" in the Tang Dynasty summarized this natural law. The timing is constantly running, telling the hot summer, today is the summer solstice. The "Yin Yin Life" refers to the summer solstice, which is used in the shade and yang to return to Jingye. It tells the hot summer today that the words of the summer solstice are that the yin began to grow, and the summer is destined to enter the autumn in the four seasons. This is not only a precise description of the characteristics of the summer solstice, but also the overall understanding of the turnover of the year and four seasons.

"Bamboo Wu Summer Map" Qiu Yingming

Summer solstice rain point is worth thousands of dollars

In the summer solstice, the brewing of the old rice wine in Dalian follows the ancient method of the Liao Dynasty. The wheat song must be made in the summer solstice season to ensure the positive taste of the old rice wine.

In terms of agricultural production, field management is particularly important. Around the summer solstice, most areas in my country are high in temperature, and crops enter the rapid growth period. At this time, precipitation is very critical, which directly affects the survival and output of crops. A smooth rain can nourish the crops in time, and too much rainwater will damage the growth of the crop. The local showers are the normal state of the summer solstice, known as "summer rain separated fields", "summer rain is separated from the back of the cattle, and the birds are wet and half wings." Until the amount of rainfall causes greater difficulties in agricultural production. Pay attention to flood disasters caused by drought or too much rainfall caused by excessive rainfall.

In addition to the overall planning of the rain, the crops grow strongly while weeds. The farm proverbs say that "the summer solstice does not hoe the grass, like a poisonous snake bite." Due to the hot weather and the rapid reproduction of the diseased and insect poisoning, a set of insect disaster prevention and treatment of folk customs in the folk, such as the use of chrysanthemums in Shaanxi to prevent wheat from being used to prevent pests, as well as the southern region to worship the locusts to eliminate locusts. We should pay attention to fertilization and ventilation to effectively control all kinds of disasters.

The grand sacrifice ceremony

The summer solstice is the most vigorous season, and the summer solstice is also the season when yin began to rise. The unity of heaven and man is the more universal ideas in the pre -Qin period. The ancient Chinese paid attention to adjusting people's rhythm to conform to the changes in solar terms, and realized the harmonious symbiosis between man and nature. Therefore, the ancients attached great importance to the time node of the conversion of yin and yang in the summer solstice, manifested as a grand sacrifice ceremony.

"Historical Records · Feng Zen Book" contains: "Zhou Guan said, winter to the southern suburbs, worshiping the sky, and the long days; the summer to the land. In contrast to the worship of the gods during the winter solstice. When the summer solstice comes, the state will hold a grand ritual to worship the earth god. This is an important part of the weekly ceremony.

In the summer solstice, the yang is the most prosperous, and the land belongs to the yin. The sacrifice god can achieve the balance of yin and yang. The ancients used music and dance to respect the gods, gods, and entertainment. Disaster prevention. From the pre -Qin period to the Qing Dynasty, my country held a ceremony of ceremonies on this day of the summer solstice to pray to eliminate disasters such as water disasters, droughts, insects and wind disasters, and avoid plague and famine.

The sacrifice customs of Daohe harvesting recorded in the "Chinese Folk Customs · Jiangxi Folklore" edited by Yu Yue fully reflect this idea. Summer solstice is the harvest season of early rice. After the grand opening ceremony, some places are worshiped in the fields with sacrifices such as wine, meals, incense, and Xie Gu Shen.

After the harvest of Daohe, most of the rural areas in Jiangxi have to eat new festivals, also known as "food new" and "taste new". In the area of ​​Nanmu and Jinrui in Yiying City, when the summer harvested, farmers must respect God before eating new rice for the first time. When some farmers are eating new, they must first respect a bowl of new rice for dogs. According to legend, the folk rice is secretly sent to the world in the sky. In order to express thanks, farmers respect God and respect the dogs.

There are many dietary folk customs from surface to rice dumplings

The summer solstice is not the hottest time, but it has opened the prelude to the upcoming or sultry or baked Sanfu. In terms of life, "Puyang Miscellaneous · Li Yi Yi Yi Yi" records that the women in the Northern Dynasties "enter the fan and powder sac" during the summer solstice. Objects. There are customs in the Jiangsu area to watch lotus flowers. Playing and boating in the lake, watching lotus flowers, is also a cool way to catch a cool way in the hot Midsummer season. In terms of diet, eating noodles in the summer solstice is an important folk custom in many regions. Making new harvested wheats into noodles has the meaning of taste. Many areas have "winter solstice dumplings in the summer solstice". For example, the summer solstice noodles in Beijing are usually cold noodles. The Wuxi area is called "the summer solstice for the winter solstice".

In the summer solstice of the Tang Dynasty, there were customs of eating dumplings and roasted goose. Bai Juyi's verses "Remember in Suzhou Day, Chang Summer Solstice. To this day, many places will also eat dumplings during the summer solstice, such as Shaanxi, Zhejiang and other places. Shaoxing in Zhejiang also has the custom of sacrificing ancestors in the summer solstice, and the dragon boat racing activities are also held in the summer solstice. Changshu and other places also have the custom of eating summer solstice porridge. It is made of fresh wheat, mung beans, barley, oats, red beans, red dates, glutinous rice and other grains to achieve the effect of clearing heat and dampness, heat and heat. It is indispensable for summer and sweet and sour fruits, such as peach, bayberry, and lychee. There are sayings of "eating lit in the summer solstice, no disadvantages for a year".

Twenty -four solar terms are the unique time experience accumulated by the Chinese people for a long time. The editor -in -chief of Zhong Jingwen's "Introduction to Folklores" pointed out that "the first and four solar terms are two points and two to the two", that is, the spring equinox, autumnal equinox, summer solstice and winter solstice. "Sun Yong, Star Fire, Midsummer Summer" contained in "Shangshu Yao Dian" refers to the confirmation of the summer solstice season, that is, the longest day of sunlight, and the Mars is in the place where the southern middle sky is in dusk. It is midsummer. It can be seen that in ancient times, we had a better understanding and application of the "summer solstice". Gu Yanwu called "more than three generations, everyone knows astronomy", and this set of knowledge system about time still gives us inspiration today.

(Liu Sicheng is an associate professor at the School of Arts of Liaoning Normal University)

Summer solstice

There are also "Nine Songs"

| Wang Wantao |

The summer solstice is the tenth solar terms in the twenty -four solar terms. The folk saying: "The summer solstice is not warm, and the winter solstice is not cold." The summer solstice is the beginning of summer, so there is a saying that "the mango farmhouse, the summer solstice is not cotton". Summer solstice on this day, the longest day, the shortest at night. Since then, the length of day and night has changed reverse. From the winter solstice, it changes back again.

The summer solstice is an important farming solar term. It is an intermediate node in the process of sowing and harvest. Therefore, people pay great attention to the weather conditions of the summer solstice. It is believed that the weather in the summer solstice will deteriorate and will cause adverse effects on crops. The farm proverb: "Summer solstice southwest, water on the road", "The summer solstice is vast, the flood is full of mountains", "The summer solstice is sunny, and there are rain in autumn (there are many rain after the beginning of autumn)." After the summer solstice, the management of summer sowing and fields came to an end, which was called "hanging". Before the autumn harvest, the main production activities of farmers were green fertilizer, accumulated farmhouse fertilizer, and prepared for the next year's production. The summer fishing period is the season of fish and shrimp breeding, while the coastal fishermen have hurry up to repair the ships and gifs to prepare for the autumn operations; Muskey) is in the harvest season, a busy scene of the thousands of miles of coastline.

In people's lives, the "Nine Songs" after the "Nine" in winter are familiar. In fact, there are "nine songs" in summer. Xia Jiuge is calculated from the summer solstice. Geyun: "19 to 29, the fan is not left; three ninety -two7, the ice water is as sweet as honey; 4936, wipe the sweat like a bath; Sixty -nine fifty -four, do not enter the temple by the cool; seven or ninety -three, the bedside is looking for a single; 8972, thinking about the cover; 1981, the summer is full of autumn wind. "

Dalian and even southern Liaoning have summer solstice dietary customs. Although the wheat is not a staple food in the southern Liaoning region, it can alleviate it when Qinghuang is not connected. The summer solstice is eaten by rolling noodles on the day, which means long -lasting, praying for the harvest of the Grain Valley in autumn.

In the Dalian area, before the "hanging" until the autumn harvest, it was the most active time in rural cultural life. In the 1960s and 1970s, rural cultural and entertainment activities were mainly small broadcasts (large speakers) and screening movies. Generally, the garrison troops show the story film in the small square of the station. The villagers are invited to watch them together. On the movie day, the big horn notified in advance that the young men and women had eaten dinner early, and the group rushed to the screening venue. Due to the large viewers, the movie screen is erected in the middle of the venue, and some people watch it positively. Some people watch it on the back. The effect is not much different. At that time, the members worked in their respective collective organizations. There were few opportunities for contact. Watching movies became an excellent opportunity for young men and women to "have a willow head on the moon, and people take care of them at dusk." From acquaintance to each other, to love and marriage, the movie field does not know how many beautiful marriages of young men and women. Today, the old urban and rural elderly people will never forget the cool moonlight of the summer solstice and the green memory of the youthful years.

(The author of this article is the deputy inspector and researcher of the former Dalian Shizhi Office)

(Reporter Shi Jing in Dalian News Media Group) Editor ｜ Li Dan

School Division | Li Yanan Gao Xuan

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