Promotion Mandarin Propaganda Week | Mandarin's "past and present life"

With the approval of the State Council, since 1998, the third week of September each year has promoted the Putonghua Propaganda Week in the country. From September 12th to 18th, 2022, it is the 25th National Promotion Week of Promotion of Putonghua. The theme of this event: Promote Mandarin and welcome the 20th National Congress.

The past and present of "Mandarin"

Chinese dialects have complicated, and since ancient times. Xu Shen once said in "The Word of Speaking": "The vassal power is not unified in the king, ... the words are different, the text is alien." It is recorded that the dialects in the early Han Dynasty had roughly ten species.

There are too many dialects and the differences are very large, and it is not convenient to communicate. Therefore, there is a common saying and a common saying in each dynasty. Where are the dialects of the dialects?

Demystifying the evolution of "Mandarin"

one

Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties_Henan dialect

The earliest Mandarin was ancient Henan dialect. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, people's main activity areas were concentrated near the Central Plains Yellow River Basin. At that time, the capital was basically in Henan Province today, so during the Xia and Shang and Weekly period, "Mandarin" was Henan dialect at that time.

No.2

two

East Zhou _ Luoyang dialect

In the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, King Zhou Ping moved the capital to Luoyang, Henan, and the Guyang dialect was officially set as "Mandarin."

No.3

Three

Qin Chao_Chat language

During the Qin Dynasty, Cantonese was closest to the "Mandarin" of the Qin Dynasty at that time. After the death of Qin Shihuang, the Qin State was turbulent. After Qin was destroyed, Zhao Yan established the South Vietnamese country in Guangdong today, so the language and culture of the Qin Dynasty were retained today in Guangdong.

No.4

Unrestrained

Han Dynasty _ Hakka dialect

The "Mandarin" of the Han Dynasty was quite close to today's Hakka dialect. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang inherited the pre -Qin "Ya Yan" as "Mandarin" and was called "Luo". Until the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains migrated south to avoid war. Therefore, Hakka dialect in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, and Taiwan is the "Mandarin" closest to the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, and the Jin Dynasty.

No.5

Arrest

Sui and Tang dynasties_ Shaanxi dialect

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, because the political center was always in Chang'an, it was naturally set to be "Mandarin" in Shaanxi dialect, and it was called "Han Yin". However, there were some differences in the "Mandarin" of the two dynasties. During the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Sui Wen ordered Lu Fayo to edit "Cut Rhyme" to review the more classic and pure Chinese voice. Cut Yunyin is based on Jinling Yayin and Luoyang Yayin, which is the "official certification" charm of the Sui Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, Sun Yan formulated "Tang Yun" on the basis of "Cutting Yun". As a result, Tang Yunyin became the standard sound of the Tang Dynasty and was the rhyme that officials and imperial examinations must be used.

No.6

land

Song Dynasty_

In the Song Dynasty, the "Mandarin" at that time was Kaifeng dialect in Henan. It was precisely because of Dingdu Kaifeng that people began to discard the words and polyphonic in the southern dialects. "Mandarin" is called "Zhengyin". The language of this period was based on the "Han Yin" of the Sui and Tang dynasties, but it also experienced some revisions and development, such as formulating books such as "Guangyun" and "Ping Shui Yun" to revise and standardize sound rhyme.

No.7

Puppet

Yuan Dynasty

Most of the Yuan Dynasty and Yuan were established, and the officials set Mongolian language as "Mandarin", but the language of many people was still the language of the Han nationality, called "Dadu".

No.8

eight

Ming Dynasty_Nanjing dialect

Zhu Yuanzhang overturned the Yuan Dynasty and established the capital Nanjing. The old Nanjing dialect was designated as the "Mandarin" at that time, and it was renamed "official words". Even though the capital moved to Beijing later, he also continued the "official words" of Nanjing accent.

NO.9

Puppet

Qing Dynasty_ Manchu language

In the early days of the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, although the Manchu government set the Manchu language as "Mandarin", Nanjing dialect was still the standard term of the officialdom. At this time accent.

NO.10

pickup

1909_Bee Beijing official words

Beijing official dialect was officially designated by the late Qing government as Mandarin in 1909, named "Mandarin".

No.11

eleven

1953_ Chengde Dialect

Today, when defining Mandarin, we will speak "Mandarin is based on the Beijing voice as the standard voice, the northern official dialect, and the model of modern vernacular writing as the grammatical specification", but Located in Chengde, especially in Chengde City, Chengde City. Chengde dialect belongs to Beijing official dialect -Huai (Huai Rou) Cheng (Chengde) film, which is very close to Mandarin.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the people's government attaches great importance to the promotion of Mandarin. In 1953, my country took the main collection of Mandarin's standard sound with Pingping County, Chengde City.

NO.12

Pick up

1955_Howan Mandarin

In October 1955, the Chinese Culture Reform Commission and the Ministry of Education jointly held a national text reform conference. This meeting passed the "Chinese Character Simplified Plan". The name is changed to "Mandarin" to "Mandarin" and determines the content of Mandarin. In the end, Mandarin, as a modern standard Chinese, clearly stipulates that "the country promotes the country's general Mandarin."

Source: CCTV

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