Valery: Old things in the literary world

Paul Valéry (1871 ~ 1945), a master of symbols in France, academician of French College. His works include "Old Poetry Draft" (1890 ~ ​​1900), "The Goddess of Fate" (1917), "Magic Collection" (1922) and so on. His poems are delayed in philosophy, tending to be true, and often express the philosophical themes such as life and death, spirit and meat, eternity and change.

Old -fashioned things

Text ｜ Valery

Translation ｜ Luo Yan

I often have this situation, staying in a public place -just like today, sitting in the theater or concert hall, seeing many many faces together, many people who experience different people gather together, I will just go together, I will just go together, I will just go together. I would like to think of how many memories of the people present, and think of how many wonderful articles should be refined from these memories.

You may wish to imagine it. If there is a dictator, a tyrant, he has supreme power, but he is very curious. He suddenly sent the Royal Forest Army to surround us and use the sword to intimidate everyone and tell him to tell him to tell him. The most unusual thing I saw in my life, I heard, and felt. That will definitely gain a lot! The people present are like the crushed sponge, how many stories to spit out! Personal past events, special experiences, all flowing in front of their eyes like river water. In fact, everyone present was like the boring king himself. He had a strange treasure, but he was very lonely ... Writer -poet or novelist, he is a member of ordinary people, but everyone is Silent, he dared to speak out.

I don't know Victor Hugo, you must guess, so I regret it. However, when I said it, I was only 13 years old when he died, not to mention that I had to admit that I hadn't written anything at that time.

Victor Hugo welcomes young poets to his house. Sagisin Maramei told us a few times. One day he visited Hugo. The great man grabbed his ears and said, "Ah, my dear Impressionist poet is here."

Victor Hugo took the name of the genre to Zhang Guan Li Dai. He can write poems of various genres. However, this year, he is closer to the poem called symbolism at the time than his direct heir Panas Poet.

The works of Victor Hugo, especially the works of his old age, have several wonderful "symbolism" poems, which are sighing.

By the way, Victor Hugo will definitely not agree with the opinions of such people. They compress the literature into the simplest formula and turn literature into such a thing: "You want to say that it is raining, just say ' It's raining '. "

Victor Hugo wrote a wonderful good poem to commemorate and praised Tytofer Gotiey, which was written one year after Goboy's death or two years later. At that time, he was 71 years old. He saw his opponents dying, and his friends were almost died. Several disciples died. Seeing Latomalin, Mussea, and Winney died, and finally Gobeier's turn. He definitely felt that he was not much time, and wanted to describe his own death in the poem. He thought: "I am already the old man, everyone around me has gone, and now it is my turn, and I am going." How did he express this idea? Is he used four words, he used four words, Is the four simple and direct poems expressed? He wants to say that he is going to die, is he saying "I'm going to die"?

Definitely not. Victor Hugo expanded this simple thought paving. He did not express it directly. Instead, he used many symbolic techniques. The power of these techniques, their deep beauty are unparalleled.

He says:

I'm running, don't close the door to the funeral

He says:

The line of my life is too long, and it is trembling, and it will be on the blade ...

Also, in order to describe the death of step -by -step and unable to escape, he wrote these moving verses:

The harvester of the iron heart, holding a wide sickle,

Small, step by step, walk to the remaining wheat fields.

Victor Hugo is very clear. In fact, he also told us that the direct expression can only be done occasionally in the poem. If you use the direct expression method throughout the article, it will be tantamount to canceling the poem.

Leonter De Lee ②, I have only seen him. When I live in the Latin region, I can see two or three celebrities walking through lunch every day. I ate in a small restaurant in the Latin District. At about 12 o'clock every day, a person's figure appears in front of the restaurant. The man was wearing a short beard, a serious dress, and the vision behind the nasal mirror was a little confused. , It seems absent -minded. He walked against the wall, thinking of his own business, and from time to time he picked up a finger to draw an arc along the wall. This person is a well -known geometrician Angley Pu Ancale. After a while, there was a meaningful noise on the street, stomping, shouting, and cursing, and announced that there would be an unusual person who passed. A group of people in Weillen finally came and quarreled, and watched people with straight hair. Weillen was wearing a peaked cap, with a red scarf around his neck, like a poor beggar, and like a unemployed tourist, was surrounded by people. He was holding a wooden stick in his hand and knocked on the ground one step. From time to time, this group of people stopped from time to time, either a laughter burst, or a scolding of screams, and then quarreling into the Descartes Street where Weierren lived. The contrast is really clear. I think it is very interesting. Just a few minutes, the universities and poets who are immersed in thinking and calculation have been gone. This poet, he wrote so many rhyme songs ... eat lunch, stop lunch, and I walked towards Luxembourg Park, and the little sails on the park pond always made me dream of lingering. There, I was allowed to encounter Leon Del Lee. He always passed through the park on time and went to the Senate from his home at the Mining Academy. He is a research library of the Senate Library. Between noon and 2pm, in the corner of Paris, three celebrities appeared, and how big they are. I said just now that I did not know Lente De Leer. At that time, although his poems were very appreciated, it was other poems that attracted me. Most of my classmates worshiped Telong De Lee, and some of them had seen him. I regret not learning from them. The change of ideals depends on the ideal of losing the old, and then assumes new ideals. I think Leon Del Lee is a bit too much. According to me, after him, no one has his noble temperament. In terms of poetry art and lofty style, his "strength will" is so firm that no one can compare.

Around 1893, he was still glorious, but this glory has reached when it cannot be updated. The activities of young people have gathered around Weillen and Mara -US.

Malame, you may have read his poems, at least tried to read, as you know, he is a very difficult poet. Today, I talk about his work differently and only talk about him. He is very interesting, very kind, very elegant, and no one can compare. When you visit the door, you are a little gentleman who welcomes you. A very graceful face. Talking is solemn, very gentle, and his eyes are bright. The way he received the guests was very particular, and he could not help but show a little old taste. Maybe, Mara -US has re -shaped his person as a society and shaped the person he saw, just like he re -shaped his own thoughts and languages. He was strangely set for us to re -create a role model, and established a role model for natural character after careful consideration. A person can conceive and complete his own thoughts, behaviors, and works according to the plan. In short, the whole form of conception and completion of his own existence, just like Malame, what is more wonderful than this?

It is a joy with Mara -US. Everyone knows that every Tuesday, friends meet at his house, and there are many strangers among the guests. Whoever thinks of his family is fine, he looks at his colleagues and meets his face. His house is casual in and out, and sometimes it will lead to interesting things. At the same time every year, a long -haired American came to his house. People can doubt whether he has read Marame's books, whether he has read Maramei even a poem. This person has never said what is going on. Anyway, he came, and sat down, never say a word, nodded and said it, and then left. He is really respectful to Marame. One day, he wrote a letter to Marame, saying that in order to commemorate the beautiful nights spent under the lamp in the poet's house, he thought of a idea and named Marami who had just receded sons. In this way, there is a gentleman named Marame in the United States. Maybe he does not know what Maramei means, and how can he have such a strange name.

I talked about several things about myself and Simefen Mara -US. One day in 1897, he asked me to go to his house. He said that there was an important thing to tell me. I saw him in his bedroom. His bedroom is the same room as the study. Malame is an ordinary English teacher, and his economic situation is mediocre. He lives in an apartment in Roman Street. The house is very comfortable, but it is also extremely simple. The floor he lives is very high, and the house is small. His friends, Belt, Molito, Westler, Klorde Monet, and Leidong are hung on the wall. few. He received me in his small room. The desk was placed not far from the bed. This is an old square table. The color of the wood is very dark, and the table legs are spiral. There was a manuscript in front of him. He picked up the manuscript and read it for me. This is a very weird poem, which is more strange than any of his poems I have read. The format of the draft was also very special, so when Marame held the manuscript, I kept staring at the manuscript. This is the first time that the unique poem entitled "Dice Roll" ③ The first time I appeared in front of my eyes. I don't know if you have seen this poem. Writing this poem has a special purpose, that is, the readers who want to sit at the stove to bake the fire think this seems to be the general score of the band. For a long time, Maramei has been thinking and looking for such literary means. These methods can make us feel the feeling of the band's total spectrum conveyed to us when looking through a derivative printed matter. He conducted extremely detailed research on the material methods of writing, and combined them with profound knowledge. After some thoughtful, he made new arrangements for blank, virtual reality, different fonts, capitalization, lowercases, oblique bodies, etc. As a result, it constructed a very attractive work. There is no doubt that when we browse this literary "general spectrum", when we look for the "movement" of this visual poem -some verses, some paragraphs, printed in the same alphabet, they echo each other, cooperate up and down, and match, and match, and match, and match, and with, and with, and with, and with, and up and down, and, they cooperate with each other, and they cooperate with each other. The motivation in the music is exactly the same -we seem to hear a new type of symphony. Writing poetry can write the reproduction and transition of themes, can develop another theme through one theme, and can organize an independent part of different thoughts. Everyone knows that this is quite valuable. Malame boldly wrote a poetic thought as a symphony. Malamei read it and asked me if I felt too strange. I groaned for a moment, I don't know what to say. Then I apologized to him, saying that I was silent because it was too fresh and surprised me. I hope to take a closer look. He handed me the manuscript, and I imagined how huge labor to write such a work to make such a work, and then I understand how perseverance, intelligence, and common sense it requires the author.

Every word, Marame's scrutiny. You know that this poem is very obscure, and you may encounter obscure places and can't read it. In fact, the reason why this poem is obscure is because the poet explores endlessly. He wants to discover everything that the language and poetry can give stubbornly creative will.

Today, I don't want to be delayed on this issue. I still don't bring you to the analysis of hard work, but it is better to talk about old things. Therefore, we have to go back to the righteousness.

Another old thing is the last thing about Malamei, and it is also the last valuable and painful impression left by Marame. That was the last time I visited him, the time was July 14, 1899. He invited me to his manor in Valfan -a small manor -spend a day with him. Valfan is a small village, close to the Seine River, and the other side of the river is the edge of Fengdanbai dew forest. Malame is used to it in the summer and lives in a farmhouse, but he has been repaired according to his pure interest. In the summer vacation, he was quiet and meditated. There was a boat there, and he sometimes brought friends with friends. Go to the river. On July 14, 1899, I met with Malame. After lunch, he led me to the study. This was a bucket room with 2 meters wide and 6 meters long. On the window sill, the famous "Dice Roll" was spread on the window sill. The two of us looked at this language product with profound knowledge and patience and courage, and said that he had no more bold works than him. No one is comparable to Malame's courage in literary creation. If he was not to be himself, he could have become the number one poet at that time. He did not hesitate to do everything in his heart, and he followed his life and followed a concept.

The two of us looked at these samples for a long time. According to his vision, the accuracy and perfectness of printing is the most important, because the external appearance of his conceived works is the basic part. Each detail must be carefully arranged and printed carefully. I remember discussing the position of a few poems with him and discussed the importance of a few gaps ... Then the two of us walked into the field. The sun on the head is hot, already in the midsummer, and the wheat in front of the eyes is all yellow. He accepted his footsteps suddenly, thinking about it. He thought that there was a lot of fun in autumn. He returned to Paris and went to the concert again ... I forgot to tell everyone that Maramei went to listen to the Lamuller concert every Sunday. He listened to the concert, not only for the music itself, but also to try to discover the mystery of music. He was sandwiched in his fingers to record things that he thought of poetry from the music. He wanted to extract different types of relationships from them and transplanted them into the language field. Throughout the summer, he thought about the records made in the first winter, while waiting anxiously to return to Paris. At that time, he could sit in the concert seat, that is, he could return to his source. He looked at the golden fields that stretched in front of us, and still missed music in his heart, and said a wonderful poem in his mouth. The magnificent scenery in front of his fingers said to me, "This is the first 铙钹 hitting on the ground in autumn." In the evening, he accompanied me to the station, and in the beautiful night sky, the two of us talked for a long time ... I I couldn't see him again. Three weeks later, I received a telegram from his daughter and told me that he died. He suddenly fell, suffocated by a kind of irreversible illness, and died in the arms of his doctor. This is a heavy blow to me. Now talking about another writer, I like him very much and respect him, although he is very different from Marame.

Everyone knows that Yu Siman's literary career is strange. At first, he strictly believed in naturalism and worshiped Zuo La in devotion, and was one of the collaborators of "Meitang Night". His artistic style is very elegant, delicate, and energetic, maybe a bit too much. However, this does not prevent his three main works have a special impact on the three readers. The three books are almost intriguing, and they are equally strong. These three books are "Inverse", "Over" and "On the Road", and each book is impressed by a specific reader group. "Reverse" made the youth of our time open. Everyone knows that the content of this book is different. It talks about the last descendant of an ancient family. It is built a house in the suburbs of Paris, and then I do n’t leave home to train myself throughout the day. He was obsessed with perfume and chose perfumes in a strange way to classify perfumes. He wrote a "symphony" for himself. Otherwise, he collected rare treasures, strange flowers and strange flowers, and he couldn't help but be like it today, and he abandoned it tomorrow. However, in this book, Yusman called a young man who was still silent at that time, the young man who was still silent at that time, The unknown painter, the little -known artist. I just read this book and knew the names of Weillen, Malame, Audelong Leidong and several other people. They were almost unknown at the time.

Yu Siman is the Deputy Director of the Public Safety Department of the Interior. I wanted to see him very much, so I boldly asked to meet him. He wrote back and said, "Please come to the public safety of Sosai Avenue. There is a place where indecent and quiet and quiet here. It is convenient to talk." It was a bit terrible, but I went to the appointment. When I arrived at Sosai Street, the poor people in the office led me into an office, which was filled with paper clips, and Siman sat in it. I looked around and calmed down my emotions at the same time. At this time, I found that the green paper clip of the deputy director was labeled with strange labels. The label on one paper clip was "borrowed money", which was powerful. The label on the clip is "noisy people". I thought: "I will not be in the paper clip on the left, but my letter is probably in another clip." A person is a notary, a person, a notary,, a person, a notary,, a notary, a notary,, a notary, a notary,, a notary, a notary,, a notary, a notary,, a notary, a notary. It will feel increasingly feeling that such a paper clip is needed.

In Siman's conversation, he was so popular that his language was so popular. Most of what he said to me did not repeat to you. It is rare that he is so gentle, but he often has a thorn. His rigidity, no one can compare, but he is also a person who is loyal to friendship and helps others. His book was very special, so he attracted some weird people to visit him, and also attracted some weird people to write to him. Every time I go to see him, there is a new story, and it is always unexpected.

Now let me talk about the painter Edga Dega, I am familiar with him, and I naturally talk about him after talking about Siman and Malame. Everyone has entered the museum now, and everyone has seen it. Dega is eye -catching, energetic, and sometimes a little bit stubborn. This person is very mindful and talented. When I knew him, he lived on Victor -Marseille Avenue, and his house was later demolished. He lived three floors at the time. The first floor is his private exhibition room. The works of his favorite painters are displayed. There are masterpieces of Draclova, Corro, Angel, and others. The second floor is housing. As far as I saw in my life, his house was wiped the most, and he could only see two things, dust and miracles, because the wall was full of sketches he was satisfied with. The third floor is the studio with bathtubs, bathtubs, and bath towels. His models often use these things, we have seen much more from his works. But I want to say to the painter Degas, nor is it an excellent critic Dega, but another Dega that everyone is unfamiliar. Kiss. Delga's thoughts are very accurate, so what to do, as sloppy like amateur enthusiasts, he can't stand it. Anyone who constitutes the profession of art is now the skill of skills, and he is straightforward with infinite curiosity. He wrote some poems, and he felt that he knew this line, but he didn't actually understand. And he wrote very hard, which is self -evident, because people who are not difficult to write poems will not write poems. When he had no way, when the poet could not find the poet, or the poet could not find the poet, he ran to ask for advice and complained to the art master. He sometimes finds Erica ④, and sometimes finds Sagisin Marame. He complained about his pain, his hope, his difficulties. He said: "This unlucky 14 -line poem, I wrote a whole day. I threw the painting behind my head and wrote a lot of sentences, but I couldn't write what I wanted to write. . I wrote my head pain. "Once he told Marame, he finally said," I don't understand, why can't I write this little poem, in fact, my mind is full of thoughts. "

Marami replied: "However, Dega, writing poetry depends on words, not thought."

This sentence contains an important lesson.

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Note:

① This article is a speech from Valeri in 1927 in college.

② Leon Det Leer: French poet, the leader of Panas School. The following Weierren is a symbol of poets, and his poems are very musical.

③ "Dice Roll": Mara -US's famous poem, the full name is "Dice will never be eliminated by accident".

④ Erica: Panas Poet in France.

｜ Selected from "Another Writing: Prose and Essays of Famous Foreign Poets", Editor -in -Chief, Beijing Press, 2002

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