Today Critics | Li Dan: Speak loudly to be besieged -my view of criticism

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Creation and criticism, such as the wings of the birds, the two axes of the car. The development of literary creation is inseparable from the prosperity of literary criticism, and it is inseparable from the dedication of generations of literary critics. In 1998, "Southern Literature" launched the "Critics Today" column, and more than a hundred critics have been introduced so far. Critics with different personality said "my concept of criticism" with their keen, talented, smart, and agile. Hundreds of articles have accumulated a kind of sensitive and angry criticism.

Now China Writers Network has re -launched these articles and shared with you, so stay tuned.

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Today Critics

Li Dan (shooting time: 2019)

Li Dan, a PhD in the School of Literature of Nanjing University, a post -doctorate of the School of Arts of Southeast University, and currently an associate professor of the School of Art of Nanjing University. Sixth Passenger Researcher of Modern Literature Museum of China. There are ten research papers, published in "Literature Review", "Chinese Modern Literature Research Series", "Southern Literature" and other publications. He has won the "Tang Tao Youth Literature Research Award" and "Jiangsu Province Outstanding Achievement Award for Philosophy and Social Sciences".

My concept of criticism

Speak loudly

——My Critical Call view

Li Dan

The era of self -idolization has passed, and literature has become a cause of not too sturdy and even too sturdy. I once chatted with a critic for seniors. I can't help but say that the life of the author today is difficult. The predecessors laughed and asked: Today's writers, who has no errands who have obtained food, and who is completely writing?

Whether to make a living as a living is probably not allowed to measure the standard of writing. After all, Neruda's diplomats, Nobokov's permanent university teachers, Wang Xiaobo also wanted to test a truck driver's license in the past. Poetry is like God, novels are like gods, and Shizun borrows a flower, Taibai borrows wine. The container of Yisan glazed crushed.

However, if literature is more like a matter between man and God, the more literary criticism is like a thing between people. In many cases, literary criticism seems to be a second -hand country, and the critics seem to be a second -hand army. The writers rationally declare "I am here, I see, I conquer", and the critics have to say "I have statistics, I analyze, I analyze , I report ", literary creation is in the direction of depth, such as Balzak's ambitions-" constitute a nationwide history, each of which is a novel, each novel marks an era "" ; Critical writing can only be paved parasitized. If according to the mean views of Plato, art is "the copy of the copy", "the shadow of the shadow", "the truth is across the three layers", then the fourth floor is found to find it to find the fourth floor. Get literary criticism.

However, the relationship between criticism and literature is naturally like a large -scale composition competition. Critics and writers always show their respective powers and compete with each other. Roland Bart's view greatly enhances the confidence of critics. "The relationship between criticism and works is just like the relationship between content and form. Criticism cannot attempt to translate '(traduire) works, especially the translation Because there is nothing clearer than the work itself. What the criticism can do is through the form -that is, the work, when the interpretation of the meaning, the meaning of "ENGENDRER)". Once it is related to meaning, the writer becomes no longer so straightforward, but can only remain silent, because any expression of the meaning of their work means that their works are just second -hand goods, and the boundary of literary creation is in the work itself.

As a result, the production workshop of meaning is upside down. It is also from discourse to narrative. If it is said to point more to "things", then criticism points more to "meaning". At the place where the writer stopped, the critics were determined to continue. They took out the spirit of "one foot, take the half of the day", disintegrated each work into molecules and atoms, and then reorganized again. As a result, the work itself is just a ballast, and the monarchs and ministers are arbitrarily compatible with critics. With the help of significance, the critics have successfully obtained their privileges, and literary criticism has also gained the same status as literary creation. Overcoming the "two feel" was a test of every critic, and today it is only an entry homework.

However, "the greater the ability, the greater the responsibility", once the literary criticism is equal to the literary creation, it means that the dialogue becomes irreplaceable, and the independent language is no longer possible. Although it is difficult for writers and critics to cooperate, it is easier to create and criticize. As a result, one person began to warm up the group towards a strange place, and literary criticism became more and more like group exercises. If it is in this situation, wouldn't it be like a endless trial period? No matter how big the open throat is, it is the words of others. This is really a story of sentient beings. Let you want to break your head, and you can't guess such a plot.

Literary criticism will never escape the fate of being besieged, or in other words, literary criticism itself is to speak loudly. The gods on the Olympus are still fighting with destiny, why should literary criticism worry about meeting his fate?

The article is published in "Southern Literature" No. 5, 2019

Critical Impression

Imagine and say in the gap between history

——Li Dan academic impression

Li Yin

The post -80s generation is exactly the social transformation of China, especially the occurrence of reform and opening up, and is generally included in the intergenerational field of contemporary society and cultural research to observe and analyze. , Post -90s, etc. As far as the field of literature is concerned, the post -80s writers are named, and the rise of post -80s and critics has recently risen. This generation does share a common growth experience, and there are roughly the same spiritual appearance. However, due to the rapid development of Chinese society and the huge regional differences, this intergenerational concept is often controversial, and its emphasis on commonality has also obscured many problems and differences. For example, people born in the early and late 1980s were returned to the post -80s, but their experience was actually very different. Instead, they had more commonality in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and they were more like a generation. Interpretation. If five years of borders, roughly speaking, this group of people born from 1978 to 1983 are more special about the historical memory and experience of the contemporary Chinese society. In recent years, Li Dan, a young scholar and literary critic that has been attracted to the academic circles in recent years, was born in 1978. When talking about issues such as the concept of the times and society in the same age, he first mentioned this kind of in the intergenerational conversion. Special dual experiences of people in historical seams. Zhu Xueqin invented the "Six or Eight Years" in "The Missing in the History of Thought". They were born at the starting point of the "first thirty years" of New China and received the cultural education of "17 Years" in adolescence. It is the three oldest in the old three sessions of "earlier suspicion of the cultural revolution, and then suspecting that it has begun to start thinking and developing into a semi -open semi -underground folk thought." With their strong physical strength and poor academic power, they began to think without good thinking. They used to be "the" remaining "that has not been removed inside and outside the system", but finally scattered the academic system and became "the missing person in the history of thought in the history of thought. "". Zhu Xueqin couldn't help but sigh at the age of forty -three: "Most people have not aged the age, and enter the twilight in advance." ① Maybe it is surrounded by the common and solid social rules of life and solidifying the social rules of life. Li Dan said , Born at the starting point of the "Forty Years" in New China, maybe it can also be called "seven or eight years"? Aside from the feeling of injury, the two generations of the two generations of the "first thirty years" and the starting point of the "first thirty years" and the starting point of "the last forty years" are quite historic. If the "68 -year -old people" eventually become the missing person in the history of thought, the "seven or eight years" will continue to experience the dissipation of meaning from birth. Li Dan described it with some image:

This generation was lucky enough to escape the entire twentieth century, and could only shout in the cartoon, "Go forward, Davarih!" Essence They received a complete college education, and they cleverly met the window period of freedom of thought. The memory of revolution and the memory of the market seamlessly connected in this generation. Their life, it looks a bit like a "Goodbye, Lenin" ... The film showed the first astronauts in East Germany in 1978, and on the same day, the father of the protagonist Alexander Kornell's father defected West Germany. His mother, Kristina Coner, was full of heartache ... became a vegetative. When she woke up eight months later, the world had already turned over and changed the world. ... Alexander's fabrication of the past and empty future, Christina was deceived endlessly and goodwill.

The "seven or eight years" is more or less Alexander and a bit Christina. They are destined to be the same inheritors of two completely opposite heritage, and they are destined to live in two time. Just like the Viscounts who were divided into two halves in Calvino, each encounter between the two sides was a bite, and the Prime Minister of the soul pressed the sword on the standpoint of the soul. "In the 19th century, all Russian culture existed in the noble manor in the 19th century, and it was born in the kitchen in the 20th century." Breeding in the "Manor" ... In 2018, although "seven or eight years" are quite neat, they are like everyone who lives 40 years old, as if it does not exist, and live close to infinite transparency. ②

The reason why these words are quoted in a large section is because in my opinion, this is not only the universal spiritual process of scholars born in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but also its self -confidence has a sincere loyalty to individual experience. feature. This characteristic consistently constitutes or runs through the base point and scale of Li Dan's imagination of history and speaking the times. And the intergenerational situation living in two time, which happened to become his academic reality. Li Dan was engaged in the current literary criticism and devoted himself to the contemporary literature system and criticism history of criticism in the 1950-1970s. Essence

In the late 1970s and early 1980s (or according to Li Dan, "seven or eight years"), although it grew up in the era of reform and opening up and was out of the era of planned economy, it was a generation bundled by the times. The institutional design and experiments of the system with stones have fallen first on this generation. From birth, education, work to private life, from politics to economic, each step is deeply affected by the changes of the times. It completely changed the existence of the individual. In terms of the power and miracles of witnessing the system, this generation can be described as rare. Although the research of the literary system is the academic orientation and research new dimension that has been paid attention to in the past ten years, as far as Li Dan is concerned, its choice has the characteristics of experience based on experience and thinking interest. The article "On the Literature Practice of Mathara Cross Space and Cross -media" shows his rational preference with sociological temperament ten years ago. Generally speaking, the study of Ma Yuan is because he is the most representative pioneer literary writer, but Li Dan does not have a life -long cross -border practice and identity change through this important writer (literary, film and television industry, college, college, college Seminar), keen perspective of contemporary literature production and ecological changes since the late 1980s. At present, the writer's teachings have become an increasingly common phenomenon, and the literary classrooms opened by writers may also become a new criticism production model. Paying attention to hidden literature or academic systems has also made him uniquely criticized some overseas scholars' research. "History · History · Homeland -Cultural Criticism Three Tones" is Meng Yue's mixed articles that have been spanning for nearly 20 years. For this book that has a great influence in the academic circles, Li Dan does not inspect it alone. The specific ideological point of view is to analyze it with Meng Yue's personal experience and the overseas academic environment. He observed that for the scholars living in marginal status in the western academic community such as Meng Yue, his academic mentality and statement were constrained by the external environment. Essence With the help of the Cold War ideology, Sinology is difficult to establish its own independent academic legitimacy in the academic system of the United States, but is understood as some kind of dependent and service discipline. Therefore Historical characteristics and environmental characteristics have also affected the face of overseas sinology's own development to some extent. The radical color of its 'turn left' is related to the competition between disciplines. This aggressive real space is a major background of the birth of "Cultural Criticism". As a result, he further discovered that Meng Yue seemed to hold the same value position against colonial and hegemony as the academic predecessor Elman, Ke Wen, etc., but "the reason for its value position is exactly different from the pioneers of their American sinology. "③. In this academic comment on Meng Yue, Li Dan also firmly expressed his modernity values ​​he adhered to and his belief in personal subjectivity, the analysis of the context of overseas sinology, the academic mechanism behind him, and some concepts to China. The reflection of reality is quite willing. At the same time, as far as his own academic expression is concerned, this article is typically reflected in the style of Li Dan as a scholar's thoughts and words: speculative and rational.

The same is the academic review and argument, with a similar temperament and an open pattern, as well as the theoretical travel and mutation of "The past and present life of a keyword -Chen Sihe's" folk "concept ten years ago. This article traces the "folk" -the two years of modern and contemporary literature research is one of the popular keywords to produce and change, depict its theoretical travel trajectory, analyze the disappearance and deformation of its connotation during the travel process. And reorganization, as well as the context of migration and transplantation, the peeling and proliferation of significance. Professional academic reviews can reflect the degree of understanding of the academic history and academic status of their professional fields. From theoretical literacy and method consciousness, to the discovery and screening of historical materials, both scholars' knowledge is required, but they must also have excellent judgment. Essence These research quality Li Dan is obviously not lacking, but in his research articles in the history of contemporary literature system and criticism of the contemporary literature system in the 1950s and 1970s, the passion of theory and the sharpness of the argument The characteristics of the object relying on historical materials sorted out, and some of them originated from Li Dan's setting of research. Contemporary literature in the 1950s and 1970s was a new type of literature that was unprecedented in history. Its ideological production, dissemination and criticism, and acceptance were completely included in the national plan and a series of corresponding literature systems. "Therefore, from the perspective of institutional and criticism, the fields and processes of literary production at this stage have been restored, and the research significance is quite significant. The field is currently in the ascendant. In a few similar studies, Li Dan's research does not adopt system research in the scope of sociology and political science, nor does it talk about the analysis system in the theoretical sense. Studies are mostly based on the discovery of typical cases based on the materials mastered, and then sort out, examine and present. So far, the phenomenon of "solicitation of contemporary literature" -focusing on the long -term novels of People's Literature Press in the 1970s "," Chinese Contemporary Literature Criticism History Cases - "On the" Mass History "writing campaign during the" Great Leap Forward " -also the mentality of literary workers" and "" Heritage ", a special literary criticism -inspections centered on Guo Xiaochuan's" Learning Notes "as the center "" The Selection of "Outstanding Short Story for the National Excellent Short Story in 1978" has the chapters of the chapters such as the criticism of contemporary literary criticism "," Chaoxia "and" Learning and Criticism ", and so on. Showing, but they are together like a series of original ecological sketches produced by a series of literary history. This case makes people see that within the "integration" society, the specific institutional operation and implementation are full of various complicated political forces; the game between the central and local, local, power institutions and literature internal and external forces; The personal will hidden behind the system, the conclusion, misappropriation, and compromise of various intentions; the conflict of complex and tension at different stages ... Although such a close -up and detailed presentation of history, it breaks some of our original stereotypes Impression, but in Li Dan's narrative, he didn't seem to want to pass a disrupted academic perspective (or at least an optimistic attitude and different information) because of the difficulty of indexing the gold hook in the sandy hook. It seems that there is really some space between national power and social space and people's thoughts. His writing of history can not be entangled in data literature and the logic of discussion in the remarks of the parties. He rarely makes moral judgment about personnel. "Investigation with" Learning Notes> "" The Significance of the Selection of the National Excellent Short Story in the Country in 1978 "is involved in the case analysis of the cases of specific historical figures Guo Xiaochuan and Zhang Guangnian. In -depth and analysis and position evaluation of the ideas of the characters, it is more to objectively and calmly describe the "things" of history, not the entanglement of the concept of "mind". In his pen, those ubiquitous "games" did not give people a sense of loosening and gaps, but it seemed like a continuous and low depression, and the water flowed deep in history.

Of course, such restrained styles and neutral attitudes are related to the eyes of research subjects. Li Dan is not a scholar who satisfies and is keen to organize and study historical materials. Behind his contemporary literary system history and criticism of criticism, he is covered with the German film "Goodbye, Lenin", Alexeevic's interview " The sorrowful mood and growth experience of second -hand time, and also adhered to the spiritual stance of humanity, civilization, and freedom. This kind of continued scattered in other articles and academic research, becoming a scale or perspective in his criticism or obviously. "A Vulgar Tragedy -Novels" Fiction "Criticism", "The Song of the Song of Youth", "One person can also become a state -analyzed the" Utopia Trilogy "" Gender bias — About "There" and "Bei Mei" ", these contemporary writers have different criticisms, and the themes are different, but the speculation of modern political concepts such as the country and individuals, revolution and freedom is always spinning, or inadvertently flash. Even in the face of a gray survival scene in modern cities, such as "Fleeing on the Earth -Reading Lu Min's Novels" Benyue "", "Abandoned Township and Fuging -Xu Zechen's" Beijing Drifting "novels "Li Dan involved in social issues involved in these articles, while criticizing, while criticizing, he reserved a little room for the remaining economic individualism and humanism. Li Dan once described economic individuals- "Like the gravel in the boots, worn out the classical, theory of law, patriarchal, and divine rights, and guided the restrained people to throw away with a weak and hard posture. Previous modern broken shoes, thus entering the real modern world "④. He is more willing to pin the modern philosophy to those "self -self" that may not be so noble, not so extraordinary but real, but the real existence. This position and sight have been hidden in Li Dan's research on history and the study of the history of contemporary literature, making him alertly describe the passionate narrative of characters and history. Although he did not regard the research objects as an unparalleled "strange" and ugly things in the wrong era, but how much seemed to be radical cultural revolutionary concepts and practices such as revolutionary literature, Yan'an literature and art, people's literature and art in the 20th century. Insufficient desire for understanding is not enough for their historical situations, cultural and political demands, and goals. This characteristic in "Breaking the closed loop and mobilizing the masses -the" True Things in the 20th Century Revolutionary Drama "and" One person can also become a state -analyze the "Utopia Trilogy" " Very intelligent and inspiring articles are also slightly reflected. "Photos true things" in the Yan'an Literature and Art Movement was the most suitable artistic mobilization method that was most suitable for the grassroots conditions at that time. Connotation. "One person can also become a state" article, although Gefei's "Utopia Trilogy" has spanned a century of history, involving the late Qing Dynasty revolution, socialist transformation, and commodity economy. The theme of the novel, Ge Fei really focused on the protagonist that can be called "sub -adult". "Asian Adults" rejected the rules of this world, and it acts extraordinary, while love is the only driving force for "Asian adults" to exist and mold. The analysis of this article is delicate and dense, and is very convincing. But I personally think (standing outside the context of the article), replacing the social significance with psychological and personal plot clues, simplifying the "love" in the revolution and history into love, always returning It is regrettable. Because, Li Dan has fully noticed the complex political and depressed aesthetic connotation: light was born from blood pollution, and the square originated from conspiracy. The square connected to the back room, the revolution rose to rebellion, and he was silent and died of gloom.

Kundela said in the novel "Encounter", "History running, escaping from humans, leading to the continuity and consistency of life," the appearance of the past is in unreal "⑥. At the end of the film "Goodbye, Lenin", "this country seems to have never existed in reality." For scholars who grew up in the era of turning, sociologist Mills's warning in "The Words of During the Governance" seems to be particularly appropriate: "You must lead it to a continuous core before you complete any work. The task is to understand the era you are in ". You must not be afraid to use your personal experience in academic research, continue to look at it and explain it. Although researchers need to reflect on self -stand and experience in the history of academic views, those who leave individual experience and life confusion will be more likely to become lifeless things and voids. As Kerka Guaer said, those spiritual authors are only giving birth to wind. However, the scholar mission of this generation in the historical seam is that we not only have to bred our son, but also need to bred our father.

Annotation

① Song Song, Liu Daxian, and Li Dan: "Dialogue on the" post -70s "and" post -80s "literature," Appreciation of Masterpieces ", No. 12, 2018.

③ ⑤ Li Dan: "Anxiety of language, weird power," after reading the three tones of cultural criticism "," Chinese Book Review ", Issue 7, 2010.

④ Li Dan: Schiller's National Aesthetics — "Perspective of Fieisco" Perspective "," Art Baijia ", 2012, No. 8.

⑥ Milan Kundela: "Encounter", translated by Wei Chixiu, Crown Culture Publishing Co., Ltd. (Taipei), 2009, pp. 35, 44.⑦c. Wright Mills: "The Imagination of Sociology", Li Kang translated, Beijing Normal University, 2017, p. 318.

⑧ See Kerkai Guoer: "Fear and Hurbus", Liu Ji, translated by Liu Ji, Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1994, p. 3.Kerka Guaer said that the situation of the authors was in line with the description of Israeli virgin: he gave birth to the wind -the laborer gave birth to his own father.The author wrote "We not only have to bred our son, but also need to bred our father", this sentence comes from a word from the writer Li Yan.

The article is published in "Southern Literature" No. 5, 2019

(Li Yin, School of Humanities Communication, Hainan University)

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