Natural commentary, so that everyone can feel the interest of nature

On the afternoon of September 6, the 2022 China Natural Education Conference closed in Beijing. The conference released the "Beijing Declaration", which proposes to set up the second Saturday of July each year to the National Nature Day. I hope that everyone in the world can return to the embrace of nature, enjoy the fun of nature, and create natural fun together. New chapter of education.

Although the relationship between man and nature is often considered, discussed, and studied by people, in fact, human beings rely on nature, convinced nature, and enjoying natural "natural attributes" stable in our blood. Although human beings have evolved long, they have learned to walk upright, started manufacturing tools, and walked out of the jungle of the original life with the help of fire, slowly moved into the village and city, changed the production methods, improved the living conditions, but buried the buried conditions. The natural feelings of people still exist.

With the advancement of scientific and technological progress, population growth and urbanization, the global natural environment is facing an unprecedented crisis. At this time, correctly explain the relationship between man and nature, create a learning experience process that feels the truth and understand the harm for the public, and it is particularly important to guide them to actively participate in the cause of ecological protection. So, how to guide the public? Natural commentary is a very efficient way.

Nature Interpretation is a service of information transmission. It uses a certain medium and expression to explain the meaning behind the natural phenomenon in order to motivate the public to generate new cognition and enthusiasm for the natural environment, and achieve education and protection. , Basic functions of experience and management.

Since the first appearance of the word "natural commentary" in 1871, after a half -century development, the natural commentary has become a university professional course in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and other countries, and formed a relatively systematic talent training system. It has been established that the training talents support the public services of national parks, nature reserves, museums, aquariums and other places. The development of natural explanations has entered the initial stage of mature period, becoming the best concept, knowledge, and technology that spreads the global natural protection and environmental movement. Important ways.

The initial commentary in history began to understand the relationship between man and nature. As early as 600 BC, Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu explained the natural operation law of all things in the world with "Taoism Nature", which has been circulating to this day. With the continuous exploration and understanding of nature in nature, people have begun to record, express, and interpret the relationship between nature and nature in different ways.

The budding period of natural commentary

(The late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century)

During the industrial revolution in 1850, productive forces were greatly liberated, and people began to find leisure time to relax and enjoy life. At the end of the 19th century, developed countries in Europe and the United States established national parks to provide nationals with public recreation places to enjoy natural and cultural heritage. Natural scholars work in national parks as natural guides to introduce natural resources in the park to tourists. John Muir was the most famous and influential natural ecological protection of the United States at that time. He was respected as the "Father of the National Park". He first used the term "commentary" in natural explanations in 1871, and later It is officially adopted by the National Park Administration, which marks the emergence of commentary as a proprietary vocabulary. The development of natural commentary has entered the bud stage and sowed seeds for the formation and development of natural explanations.

The formation period of natural commentary

(In the 1920s to the 1950s)

In the second half of the 1920s, Indiana State Park began to hire natural commentators. They claimed to be naturalists, and they generally regarded natural commentators and naturalists as synonyms abroad. In the late 1930s, as naturalists and historians participated in the service work of the National Park together, the content of natural explanations gradually expanded to the field of history and culture. In 1953, the National Park Administration established the Lord of the Lord. The formation of the formation of natural explanations was that Feimen Tetton published the book "Explain Our Heritage" in 1957. During this period, natural explanations reached a new level and height in both theoretical research and practical applications.

The development period of natural commentary

(20th century to the 1990s)

During this period, with the acceleration of science and technology and industrialization, global environmental problems are increasingly prominent, ecological protectors are particularly sensitive to the behavior of destroying ecology, and environmental education has attracted increasing attention from global attention. The introduction of the name and factuality of things has begun to achieve the purpose of environmental education through the explanation of natural things and its relationship with human relations, and the function of natural education has gradually emerged.

In 1964, the first explanation training and research center was established in Hubepi, West Virginia, and was mainly responsible for the national park commentary planning and commentator training. In 1988, the National Commentary Association was merged and established by the Nature Commentary Association and the Western Commentary Association. Among them, the Natural Commentary Association was established in 1954 and the Western Commentary Association was established in 1962. my country's Taiwan region introduced the concept of natural explanations in the early 1970s.

Natural explanation of the first maturity period

(To the end of the 20th century to the present)

Although the natural explanation originated from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods of our country, it was represented by the classic interpretation of the philosopher Lao Tzu's "Taoism Nature", but in 1997, it began to really enter the development of modern natural explanations. Natural explanations have become university majors in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and other countries, and formed a more systematic talent training system. The qualification certification system standards have also been established. Trained talents have supported public services in national parks, museums, aquariums and other places. Naturally, naturally The development of the explanation has entered the initial stage of maturity. With the accumulation of theory and practice, it will gradually enter the in -depth stage of development of the government, academic, and society. Natural explanations have the comprehensive functions of natural education, resource protection, public experience and management, and are of great significance for the construction of natural protection for natural protection places and the improvement of civic scientific quality.

Function 1: Natural Education

The primary function of natural explanations is natural education. The use of scientific explanations to pass on scientific knowledge such as landscape causes, vegetation, landforms, hydrology, and meteorology involved in natural phenomena to the public. The natural explanation system of forest parks can help the public understand the names of trees, growing places, environmental conditions for growth, and the relationship between forests and humans.

Function 2: Resource protection

The resource protection function refers to the recreational behavior of guiding the public through natural explanations, leaving the public in time and space, staying away from the environmental fragile areas, improving the awareness of the public protection, and hoping to change the public's behavior and habits to protect the local ecological environment. Natural commentary enables the public to appreciate and enjoy the natural areas and cultural resources of the city and the surrounding areas, and at the same time stimulate the public's desire to participate in fitness activities, natural educational activities and social experience, promote the sustainable development of the local socioeconomic economy, and drive local natural protection and culture Art cause.

Function 3: Public experience

The advent of the experience of the economy puts forward new requirements for the development of natural tourism. Visitors are no longer satisfied with the "seeing trees climbing" during the traditional popular tourism period. More tourists expect to obtain a variety of natural recreation experiences. By exerting a variety of functions of the forest, the tourism supply side provides a variety of recreational opportunity sequences to the demand side (tourists) to meet the differentiated experience needs of tourists. Natural explanation is a way of communication between tourism supply side and demand side. The supply side conveys the effective information of the resources environment, social environment and management environment to the public through the media system, and enhances the public aesthetic, education, entertainment and other multi -level recreational experiences.

Function 4: Management and use

Natural explanations are considered a positive and effective way of management. The ultimate purpose is to promote the sustainable development of destinations, including the content of economy, environment, and social culture. First of all, natural commentary facilities and activities will extend the public's stay in destination, and can also bring economic benefits to the local area. , Effectively protect the ecological environment; again, in the community participation, local community residents actively act as a commentator or organize corresponding commentary activities to encourage the public to participate in the commentary activities to achieve community understanding and attach importance to natural resources and cultural heritage. These are conducive to management. Fang's effective planning and construction of destinations.

Beginning in 2014, the Beijing Garden Greening Bureau began to organize the training of natural commentators. So far, it has been 6 years. More than 200 natural commentators, most of them are struggling in the first -tier natural commentary work, and have obtained significant significant ones. Effective. Many years of natural commentator training has accumulated rich experience and data. After summary, analysis and precipitation, the book "Guidelines for the Training of Natural Commentary" was published.

This book is mainly divided into 8 chapters. From the basic concepts and development process of natural explanations, to the principles, content, processes, and main forms of natural explanations, the natural explanation goals, resource assessment, visitors analysis, main choice, methods, methods, methods, methods, methods The specific requirements and processes of comparison and effect assessment are based on the growth story of Beijing's natural commentator as the actual case.

"The stone of his mountains can attack jade." This book also brings together the experience of talent training system mechanisms, curriculum systems, qualification levels and academic requirements in the field of natural explanations in different countries such as the United States, Japan, and South Korea. The training of natural explanations provides reference.

Content source: content consolidation from the "Guide to the Training Guide of Nature"

Photo Editor: Yuan Lili

Nuclear trial: Xiao Jing, Li Na, Xiao Ji, Yang Changfeng, Wang Yuan

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