Theoretical Vision ｜ Oracle Heritage in the World Memory List

□ Song Zhenhao

Oracle is unearthed in the Yinxu site of Anyang, Henan Province, China, and belongs to the divination and notes of the royal family of Yin and Shang King's capital and nobles from the 14th century to the 11th century BC. Animals' bones. The Oracle and Dunhuang Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties are written in paper from the Tang and Song dynasties, the Western Regions Hanjin Jianxian, and the Qing Cabinet Da Ku Ming and Qing archives are known as the four new discoveries in the history of modern Chinese academic history. Oracle is the earliest classical literature heritage in China. It inherits the real Chinese genes. It can pursue the unknown of the ancient history of China, spy on the social life scene of Yin and Shang, to enhance historical trust, enrich historical connotation, and extend the historical axis. Oracle is the originator of Chinese characters and Chinese, and it is also the most authentic material for the origin of Chinese thoughts, the origin of Chinese spirit, the source of Chinese spirit, the origin of Chinese traditional cultural characteristics and character, and the hair of Chinese art aesthetics.

According to the originator of Chinese characters, the originator of Chinese civilization

Oracle is one of the five major self -source classical texts in the development of human society in the world. It is found in the mud version of the mud version of the Western Asia Basin that is about 5500 years ago, and the ancient Egyptian monument discovered 5000 years ago by the northern African Nailukoukou. The text of the sanctuary and the texture of the grass monks that later became transformed, the ancient Indian seal text around 2000 BC, and the Mayan text invented by the American nation in the early days of the American nation.

Oracle has declared the "World Memory List", and the academic community has long been looking forward to it. As early as in August 2006, at Anyang, Henan Province, at the "Celebrating Yin Ruins, the success of Yin Ruins and the 79th Anniversary International Academic Symposium", experts and scholars urged the state to apply for the national cultural heritage. On May 21, 2010, the Office of the National Ancient Books Protection Center officially determined that the State Archives Bureau was approved in a timely manner to apply for the registration management unit. At the end of August of the same year, the "Oracle and Cultural Memory Forum" also hosted in the History of Taiwan. The National Library organizes experts and scholars to discuss the application of Oracle in the "National Palmful Ancient Books List" and the formulation and implementation methods of relevant standards. With the overall arrangement of the state in an orderly manner, with the active promotion of the Ministry of Education and other relevant ministries and commissions, Oracle declared the "World Memory List" in 2016. On October 30, 2017, the final review of the UNESCO was successfully selected and successfully selected for selection Received the selected notice and related certificates on November 27.

11 Oracle Collections, including the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the National Library, the Palace Museum, the Nanjing Museum, have successfully selected the UNESCO "World Memory List" to truly confirm the world's significance and international status of Oracle Heritage. The long -term impact of development has a important role in the protection and inheritance of Oracle. In fact, it also means that the Oracle essay unearthed from all Yin Ruins from all over the country and abroad should belong to the World Memory Heritage Sites.

We already know that Oracle is an important material for studying the earliest form of Chinese characters and the earliest form of Chinese language. Oracle has more than 4,000 single characters, of which about 1,300 are seen in modern Chinese dictionaries, and most of the more than 2,000 are the names, place names, and sacrifice names of the disappearance. Oracle language is the mother tongue of Chinese. There is a relatively standardized voice system inside, and the metaphysical characters have accounted for more than 40 %, becoming an important source of the Chinese and Tibetan Department of the Chinese and Tibetan Department after the Qin and Han dynasties of China. Due to the discovery of Oracle, the early forms and early characteristics of Chinese language language and Chinese grammar have been difficult to clarify, and it has become a fine analysis. Oracle's literary style, there is a relatively mature and mature self -made system of language, prime, vocabulary, syntax, and grammar categories, which form a vein with modern Chinese grammar. , Quantitative words, admits, prepositions, conjunction, assistant words, speech words, question words, etc., are basically available in Oracle.

Explore the rich historical materials of Yin and Shang culture

The Oracle era belonged to the later period of the Shang Kingdom, and the time -old king Pan Geng moved to Yin Zhi Emperor Xin Fan 1273 years. From the hands of the special group of Yin Shang dynasties more than 3,000 years ago, including the Shangwang, the lady, the royal family members, the officials, the nobles, the nobles, and the nobles , Wizards of all parties, local essentials, etc. These groups are in the form of unique divination texts (commonly referred to as oracle bones) or notes (commonly known as notes). After the real king's room score, he wrote down a large number of god names, the first king's fame, the name of the precious figure, the long name of the vassal Fang Guojun, the long name of the tribe, the name of the diplomatic messenger and the mythical legendary characters, etc., revealing the inheritance of the throne inheritance The characteristics of law and marriage relatives, the political landscapes of the king and the affiliation of the minister, the ideological and emotional performance of the characters in major events, the relationship between the king and the vassals, the position of the bureaucracy and the officials, the power of power and the civilians in social life , Class structure of slaves, the hierarchical relationship between managers of the economy industry and handicraft workers, the religious concepts of different ethnic groups, military officers, military organizations, weapons, equipment and offensive and defensive acting, funeral sacrifice The status, social status and its relationship with the tomb owner have made the Shang Dynasty a era of letter history with ancient texts, filling the lack of history books.

The geographical architecture of the Shang Kingdom's political territory and the corresponding internal and outer service systems recorded in the Oracle Bone, which can understand the class layers of the society, political structure, and national management form. Political officials, leading a large bureaucracy to provide consultation and responsibility to deal with specific affairs. Among them, the Poron Group is responsible for providing a reference for the decision -making of religious sacrifice to the Shang King, and uses the power of the gods to influence the political decision. There are hundreds of local ethnic groups or grassroots geopolitical organizations. In terms of legal punishment, there is a "five punishment" system of ink, 劓, 刵, 刖, and 椓. There are hundreds of sources around the Shang Dynasty. Fang Kingdom is the main body of the official service officials of the Shang Dynasty. Some Fang Kingdom and the Shang Dynasty were friends when they were in their enemies. The armed forces of the Shang Dynasty constituted a system, which are divided into three categories: royal army, vassal army army, and "soldiers and farmers' unity". There are many records of wind frost, rainy, and snowy records in the oracle bone. It also records the meteor shower and 5 days around 1200 BC. It is an important information about the research of ancient climate and ancient Chinese literature. There are also many records of wild animals and plants and hunters, which can study the changes in natural ecology and historical and geographical environment in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Oracle divides the year into spring and autumn, and implements a set of Yin and Yang calendar suitable for the Yinyin Month of Agricultural settlement and the sun. Single monthly called "Xiaoyue" (8.110.17), "Primary March 1)," Xiao March "(" Northeast Normal University "13)," Collection "(" Collection "(" Collection " 21637), "Nun July" ("Collection 7791), etc., is the opposite of Xiaoyue. The arrangement of the leap month uses the year -end or middle year to regulate the relationship between the year of the sun and Shuangwangyue. Some say that "Dan", "Big Food", "Day", "Snacks", "Snacks", "City Day", "Twilight", "Flying", "Living", "Living", "Living", "Living", "Living", "Living", "Live", " It was found that the types of grain crops at that time were made by Oracle and archeological discovery of Yinxu archeology. In order to seek a harvest of crops, there are agricultural sacrifice such as sacrifice wind and wind, rain and waterlogging, praying for rain to burn witch drought, and to rest. At that time, the religious division of the society was mainly divided into the three major belief systems of the top God, the ancestral gods between the middle and the heavens and the natural gods, and the bottom -level ghost charm. The ancestral sacrifice to the first king Xianzheng is particularly solemn. It can be divided into four categories: special sacrifice, temporary sacrifice, joint sacrifice and Zhou Festival.

There are also many architectural names in Oracle. The palace of the palace of the courtyard courtyard is integrated, sacrifice, and administration. The palace room and Chi Yuan are complementary. The school, known as the "right school" and "university", is the earliest source of Chinese traditional "learning in the government". Oracle has more than 20 kinds of musical instruments, more than 10 different worship song names, different forms of martial arts and literary dance names, music teachers "more than thousands" and many dancers' special division of labor, which reflects the instrumental music and music and dance. Developed state. There are also more than 50 patients with records, such as the division of modern medicine are divided into internal medicine, surgery, stomatology, infectious diseases, etc., and have both the treatment of diseases, drugs, acupuncture and other people. There are also the earliest records of the plague in the oracle bone in the oracle essays as the earliest records such as "disease", "first epidemic", and "the year of illness", which reflects the group nature, seasonal and sudden characteristics of people at that time. There is a certain degree of cognition. There are also "Royal Epidemic", "Royal Holdings", beating and driving ghosts, and "Ningzhuan" in order to eliminate negative witchcraft and other negative witchcraft, as well as isolation, prohibit rumors, smoke disinfection, pharmaceutical medical defense, dietary health, scanning, scanning Living, clean environmental hygiene, and even necessary punishment and punishment are rational and positive prevention and control methods. On the occasion of epidemic plague, people are not helpless, but to resist the infringement of epidemic disease through national administrative, social group prevention, and exercise health care. , Nutrition, pharmacy, health care, psychology, sports and other aspects.

Oracle also provides a new world of stretching talent for modern calligraphy and art. The three major elements of the body and the rules show the characteristics of precociousness, directly or indirectly affect the changes in post -late books, become the origin of Chinese calligraphy art, and reflect the aesthetic principles and common psychology of the Chinese nation, that is, peace and stability The aesthetic aesthetics, strong, weak and balanced psychological awareness have a profound impact on Chinese society and Chinese culture. When people watch the old traces of cultural relics and chase the charm of the Shangshang, they are determined to have artistic ideas in artistic ideas. Zenghui.

Suggestions of Oracle Heritage Research and Protection Measures

Henan is the hometown of Oracle. In addition to Anyang, it is unearthed in Zhengzhou, Luoyang and other places, and it should be made. In the past 100 years, many well -known scholars have been released in Henan, which has laid the cornerstone of the research of oracle scholars and Yin Shang culture. In the new period, the party and the state attached great importance to the exploration of ancient texts such as oracle bones and ancient civilization. Relevant national departments launched the "Ancient Chinese characters and the Development of Chinese Civilization inheritance", and Henan was also in the middle. At present, there is such an opportunity for the environment. Henan has unique conditions and advantages. It is necessary to study and formulate a detailed rules for the province's Oracle and Yin Shang cultural research research to gather professional forces in the province to enlarge this. It is hoped that under the organizational planning of relevant departments, people, finances, and things are implemented to ensure the implementation of the plan; there must be long -term planning and recent goals, step by step, and promoted in an orderly manner. We must pay attention to the study of Oracle holography, "Qingqing's family", as far as Henan is concerned, about 1,500 non -archeological excavations collected by relevant state units, and the investigation of the people's collection situation cannot be ignored. There may be more than tens of thousands of tablets or more pieces. , Policy support and guidance.

We must attach importance to the construction of the sustainable development of Oracle big data information processing and sharing platforms with authoritative, grounded, and supporting professional and technical support, but save financial resources and avoid repeated construction. The long -term engineering project "Yin Qi Wenyuan" hosted by the Oracle Information Treatment of Oracle Information Treatment of Anyang Teachers College is an Oracle big data platform for real public welfare services today. It has been built for many years and has a certain impact in the academic community. Can have greater achievements.

We must attach importance to the innovation of the "unique learning" and "unpopular" discipline evaluation system, which is conducive to the cultivation and reasonable use of professional talents. Oracle and other ancient text research is a slow work. Some large -scale, engineering projects need long -term focus, and cannot pursue "short flat" of results output. Otherwise, it is difficult to produce academic products, and it is difficult Scholars with level, dedication. Under the new situation, we must pay attention to solving some of the current practical problems, and establish a positive and reasonable academic evaluation mechanism that is conducive to the development of unpopular disciplines.

(The author is the collaboration and innovation platform of "Ancient Chinese Characters and Chinese Civilization Inheritance Development Project", Chief Expert of Oracle Scholarship of the Chinese Character Civilization Research Center of Zhengzhou University, member of the School of Social Sciences)

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