International Museum Observation (8) State Anthropology Museum of Mexico

Original Author: KIRXIE

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Busy, hustle and bustle, and car, in the 21st century, in the 21st century, Mexico City, like the capital of other countries in the world, is full of unique atmosphere of modern cities. However, in the center of this city, there is a solemn and mysterious museum standing, and people who come to visit told the country's colorful, long and mysterious dust.

A MUSEO NACIONAL de Antropología

At the end of the trail of Champt Pek Park, the Mexican National Humanology Museum is seen. It has an area of ​​125,000 square meters and an exhibition area of ​​33,000 square meters. Essence The predecessor of this museum is the country's first museum, the National Museum of Mexico. It was ordered by the first President Gwadaruli Victoria in 1825. Over time and the increase in archeological excavations, the number of collections in museums has increased all the way. In 1906, the collection of the National Museum was divided into two series. The collection of collections in natural and historical directions was moved to a building specially created for it. open. As of 1924, the museum's collections increased to 52,000 pieces. In December 1940, the museum once again divided the collection in the past. The collection from the Spanish colonial period to the modern Mexico was transferred to the Chapolt Peak Castle, becoming the main collection of the State Museum of Mexico. The collections and anthropological archaeological results were left in the original pavilion that was changed.

Museum panorama, m James Florio

The National Humanology Museum of Mexico was born. The bright Mexican civilization like pearls has greeted the dust. On September 17, 1964, the new museum located in Chapolt Pek Park was officially unveiled. At the opening ceremony, Adolfolópezmateos, then President, was announced solemnly:

"The Mexican people build this memorial to commemorate the respectable culture of the prosperous development of the previous Columbus era in this territory. Under the witness of these cultures, today's Mexican pays tribute to the aborigines of this country. Examples can we realize the original characteristics of our nation. "

Matos was affectionate, and the national emblem of the Republic of Mexico behind him was shining. The new museum was set up by him. As the founding father, Gua Dalupe, the Mexican government of the previous ages has taken the protection of the historical heritage of the nation as its own responsibility, and patiently picks up the original culture of the American continent that was once forgotten. Mexico has always been an ancient Indian Culture Center in the Americas. For thousands of years, the world -famous Olmek culture, Toltk culture, Toltovakan culture, Sportk culture, Mayan culture, The degree of glory is evident; the last brilliant Aztec civilization on the ancient Mexican history volume stretched for more than 200 years, and established the Aztek Empire, the largest country in North America at that time.

And all this was ended in helplessness in the process of opening territories in Western Europe. In 1519, the Spaniards invaded Mexico. After three years of hard work, the Aztecs failed to keep their homes. The capital Tonotitland has fallen. Since then, Mexico has gone through 300 years under the rule of Spain. During this time, the struggle against colonial rule has not stopped, but due to the strong penetration of the colonial culture, Spanish strongly replaced the status of the Indian nation's usual language Navatl, and Catholicism has also squeezed the survival of native cultural beliefs. In space, the number of original residents of Indians has decreased, and the original blood that flows on this land is almost left, and this tropical destinations that have bred many brilliant American civilizations have gradually become unclear.

The museum is engraved with the exterior wall of the national emblem relief, © dangamboa

With the belief of regaining civilization, since Mexico officially achieved independence in 1824, the country has begun to find a long journey of losing tradition. The current National Anthropology Museum of Mexico City has the world's largest ancient Mexican art collection, and also preserves anthropological collections with contemporary Mexican aboriginal groups. There are 23 permanent exhibition halls of the museum and the ethnic exhibition on the second floor, which are specially used to show the rich and diverse traditions, culture and customs of contemporary Indians. The 12 archaeological exhibition halls on the first floor are the place where the real historical heritage of Mexican.

The ancient civilization journey of Mexican will start from here. The previous exhibition halls are mainly responsible for introducing the research results of the exhibition hall and the basic background of ancient Mexico, which is equivalent to officially exploring the warm -up before civilization. The first exhibition hall "Intropuctionto Anthropology" shows many classifications of this subject, from biological anthropology, archeology, skeletics, linguistics and ethnic studies, the research system of ancient civilization has developed to this day to this day. It is quite deep and perfect. "PopulatingThe American" exhibition hall shows a large number of cultural relics on civilization, archeology, and art in China, including pottery, smelting, stone carvings, architecture, calendar, literature, medicine, etc. From 2300 BC to 100 BC, the civilized appearance of Central America was initially formed. The residence of the Aboriginal people was migrated to the central highlands of Mexico, and the nomadic hunting life gradually developed into agricultural settlement. At this stage, exhibits were displayed. In the exhibition hall of "Pre-Classiccentral Highlands". Former classical exhibits, u Museo Nacional de Antropología

Starting from the "Teotihuacan" exhibition hall, people will truly appreciate the outstanding style of Mexican's ancient civilization. The special Otihuakan, which was included in the World Cultural Heritage List by UNESCO, is known as the "place where the gods are born" in mythology. Occupy the primary position in the classical period (AD 100 BC-750 BC) in central Mexico. The cultural relics in this hall mainly shows its brilliant urban civilization. Among them, there are pottery tanks and incense burners used in daily life, as well as human figurines and sculptures used for decoration. In the stone plates of the sun pyramid, their unique colors and shapes are all reflecting the vitality of Tetihuakan.

A MUSEO NACIONAL de Antropología

Followed by the "The Toltec and theepiclassic" exhibition hall. This is a new civilization that appeared after the decline of Teitihuacan. The exhibition hall displays representative cultural relics in the civilization, of which the characteristics of "ancestor worship" are very obvious. After that, the "Mexica" exhibition hall tells the historical story of the Aztec era. In the hall, the first thing to see is a stone carving with a magnificent war scene engraved on it, and the role is to play the sacrifice of sacrifice to God. Being good is the important feature of the late Indian civilization. The Aztecs have continuously expanded the scope of power by launching war and obedience to the neighborhood. The epic that has been circulated so far tells the mysterious migration of the Aztecs, the historical and rulers established by the capital, and the reliefs and stone carvings show the respect of the Aztecs for war and the sun.

Torterk and epic classic, © Hisour.com

Mexica exhibition hall, r acropolismultimedios.mx

Among them, the treasure of the museum's town museum -Sun Stone was placed in the middle of the exhibition hall. The olives weighing 25 tons, 36 meters in diameter, and 0.84 meters thick are precisely carved with various images and symbols. It records the totem worship and text calendar of the Aztec Empire, which has the same meaning. The sun god "Tonati" in the center of the stone carvings gives the Aztecs hope and strength. It is rumored that the stone was born in 1479 and was created by the then King Axia Yakart of Aztec. As the source of the calendar and belief of Aztec, in 1521, the Spaniards invaded Mexico to Azte to Azte Kwenming Dasianda. The invaders not only demolished the original Aztec Temple, but also built the Catholic Church at the original site, hoping to rebuild the religious beliefs of the Aboriginal people. As the heavy weapon of the country, the sun stone failed to escape the eyes of the Spanish. In 1569, the Spanish priest buried the sun stones into the soil, hoping to completely erase the seal of Aztec civilization. In 1790 more than two centuries, the stone was unearthed at the Mexican Constitution Square, which caused a sensation. The Mexicans under the colonial rule recalling the past every bit of the past. This heavy sun stone seemed to bless them virtually and support the indigenous people to fight for independence.

D Wikimedia Commlys

After watching the sun stones, the visitors will enter the "Oaxaca" exhibition hall introduced by the Sorters and the Mistec. Both races live in the Wahaka area, the former settled in the central valley of Waka Ka, and the latter lived in the mountains and the Pacific coast. In the "Gulf COAST" exhibition hall, it mainly introduces the Olmek civilization, the Central Civilization and Vaster civilization in central Wallakpus. The Bay of Mexico is warm and rainy, with many rivers and rich natural resources, which provides a superior natural foundation for the intersection and prosperity of civilization.

The most well -known Mayan civilization in American civilization has been concentrated in the "Maya". As one of the most outstanding civilizations in the American continent, the history of Mayan has been running through the classical period from the previous classical period. In a sense, the Aztec civilization is equivalent to the heir of the Mayan civilization. This intelligent nation has achieved extremely high achievements in astronomy, mathematics, agriculture, art and text in astronomy, mathematics, agriculture, art, and text. And disappearance is still an unsolved mystery in the archeological world. In the exhibition hall, we can see a lot of sculpture works, stone monuments, inscriptions and decorations. In addition, there are many portrait sculpture works, which are mainly divided into two categories, one for warriors who return to triumph, and the other is the emperor in the coronation ceremony. The Mayan Hall, s Museo NaCional de Antropología

The last two exhibition halls on the first floor exhibitions put their eyes to a more distant place: "NorthernMexico" and "WEST Mexico" (WEST Mexico) showed hunting -based northern territory culture and culture and culture and culture and The tomb culture in the western civilization. The northerners living in the cave and the western people who set up Shifang also constitute the interesting ancient Mexican civilization landscape. Interestingly, the most commonly used materials in the above -mentioned civilizations are stone tools, and the production and use of bronze and iron has not appeared in it. It can be regarded as one of the characteristics of Mexican civilization.

If you have time, you may wish to go to the ethnic exhibition on the second floor. There are 11 exhibition rooms there, which mainly introduces the cultural samples of Mexican Aboriginal people in the post -Columbus era. The Mexican Indian tribe, which has been retained so far, has made great similarities in traditional culture. Although its religious beliefs have been assimilated and changed by Catholicism since the Invasion of Spain in the 16th century, some religious culture of the Aboriginal people has still been stubbornly retained, forming a unique lifestyle that is mixed with Catholicism. In the exhibition hall, visitors can see traditional buildings with wood, straw and mud as the building materials, colorful clothing weaving hand -woven, and many pottery products, masks and furniture. The exhibition display inside the life is a colorful large -scale real -life Mexican national history.

These are basically complete content of common exhibitions. After walking down, I can't help but make people admire the cluster and quaint Mexican civilization. The museum's own majestic design also reflects its great vastness: the museum lasted 19 months, and the exhibition hall was divided into four buildings, presenting the presence The patio layout, in the center of the courtyard, a towering fountain sculpture attracts people's attention. It is supported by totem copper columns. The origin of the "Umbrella" name expresses the symbolic significance of water in the ancient Mexican civilization. Around the architecture, it is surrounded by the cute garden. The fragrance of the year and four seasons overflows. It is difficult for people to feel a different historical atmosphere.

"Umbrella" sculpture, ”James Florio

Mexican Rain God Sculpture in the Garden, © Cathyrose Melloan

Internal and external, ancient and present. The emphasis on anthropological research methods is a manifestation of the scientific and pragmatic spirit; the design style of deeply penetrating to the fine branches reflects the cherishment and value of Mexican's history. Today, in the wave of globalization, how can you lose your voice in the context of the posterior colonialism and not to be lost by the ancient civilizations that are not inherited by themselves, and have become a common problem faced by many non -Western countries. Faced with the rough and heavy civilizations, the Mexican National Museum of the National Human Museum of Mexico surrendered a satisfactory and wonderful answer. , Go to a wider world.

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