Deer returned to Jingchu Yunmeng still: a century -long "national treasure" rescue operation

>>> Tell the story of the natural protection place

This is the 60th work published by the protection ground story

Author: foot climbing guest

Illustration: Wei Mingge Chen Ruhui Design: Zhang Ye

Dynamic effect: Jiang Xuanchen Audio: Ling Tongliang

Edit: Huang Bo

Support unit: Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve

What is the national treasure of the Chinese animal world? "Big Panda" may be the first answer that appears in most people's brains.

In fact, there are not a few species that can be called China's "national treasures", but their stories are little known. The "Four Disgusted" in folklore -Elk is one of these "national treasures".

The elk Sodae Beach Elk National Nature Reserve provided on the antlers of the antlers provided

A century ago, they completely disappeared on the Chinese land, and even stepped on the edge of the extinction, drifting the ocean, wearing a fire, survival struggle ... How did these creatures with millions of years of life history spend these? The volatile of the year? How many stories did people give birth to save them?

At the beginning of the story, there were no traces of civilization on this land ...

01

Elk return home

Elk (scientific name: ELAPHURUS Davidianus) is a deer elk animal, which originated in the early period of the update (about 3 million to 2 million years before today). By 3000 years, the reproduction is the most prosperous. "Mozi · Public Loster" records: "Jing You Yunmeng, Rhino Elk Man" is the corner of the red history of elk.

Chinese wild elk ancient geographical distribution map, which is based on the reference of the literature, is for reference to reference to the natural distribution of the ancient elk of the campaign. To Hainan Island, Dong Kenda's coastal plains and islands in the eastern part of China

In the record of "Book of Rites · Monthly", the ancients have already noticed the unique elk: "It is the moon, the day is short to ... the earthworm knot, the elm horn solution, and the water springs move."

The ancients found that the elk changed the corner around the winter solstice, which was a significant difference between the "antlers" (sika deer about the sika deer about spring and summer).

The sika deer © 刚 刚 刚 刚 刚 刚 刚

Regarding this record of elk horn, the Emperor Qianlong had a story: because the "elite solution" in the record was not puzzled in the winter, he sent someone to the Nanhai Zizi Royal Hunting Garden to inspect and found that it was consistent with the "Month" records. , Write the article "The Cape Corner Commentary", engraved on the elm horn collected during the inspection, and retained to this day.

The "Nanyuan Corner Map" in the Qing Dynasty © The Metropolitan Museum of Art of the United States

However, the elk at this time is extremely rare. This royal hunting garden is the last place for them, and the number is extremely dangerous. What people and elk do not know is that the elk family is about to usher in their "difficulty of destroying the family."

The "Hunting Riding Picture" drawn by Aixinjueluo Mianyi in the Qing Dynasty depicts the scene of the noble hunting deer. © panorama

Due to the destruction, excessive killing, and war of war in the habitat of elk inhabiting, in 1900, the last batch of elk in China was extinct in my country in the country. In the endangered level standard of the IUCN red list, it was called: wild extinction.

The antlers chair of the Qing Dynasty, the deer of Emperor Kangxi's pro -hunting into the Palace Museum

Fortunately, the British Duke of Britain collected the only 18 elk in the world from 1894 to 1901, raised in the Wubang Temple Manor, so that the species was preserved and continued.

In 1985, the Chinese and British governments launched the elk import project. In August of the same year, 22 elk ended the family history of a century -old family in overseas and returned to the place where their ancestors lived -Beijing Nanhaizi Elk Garden. Subsequently, the relevant departments successively opened two major bases and other protective sides of Jiangsu Dafeng and Hubei Shi Shi, for protection of land.

The area of ​​elk relocation protection area indicates that it is for reference only to the foot climbing customers/charts

The "Introduction Guide" released by the World Nature Protection Alliance believes that the Chinese elk heavy introduction project is one of the 15 most successful projects in the world's 138 species of species, and it is a Chinese model for the world's wildlife protection.

The first batch of elk launching ceremony of Shishou Elk Nature Reserve provides Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve.

At present, Chinese elk is mainly distributed in Beijing Nanhaizi Elk Garden, Jiangsu Dafeng Elk National Nature Reserve, Hubei Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve and other places.

As part of the original habitat of the elk, Hubei Shishou finally met them again after thousands of years.

02

Chu Di has a deer

Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve is located in Shishou City, Hubei Province. The horn of the old road of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Swan Island covers an area of ​​1567 hectares.

Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve Geographical Location signaled © © 石 石/drawing

Since ancient times, this wide plain has been moist. The climate is warm, the aquatic grass is rich, and the birds and beasts are born. From the age of Yunmengze to the present, it has always been the place where a large number of animals and plants live.

There are a large number of cattle and lakes in the wetlands of the wetland of the Yangtze River in the Yangtze River, accompanied by changes in the river and the earth, they develop and die here, constantly shaping this land for a moment.

Swan continent wetland natural environment, elk lives here to provide the Shishi Shou Elk National Nature Reserve provides

The hometown of Swan Island on the north bank of the Xiajing River section is one of the typical examples. Natural continent beaches formed from the flow of flowing water from the Yangtze River and the hometown of Niuli Lake, which are bent natural or artificially, and constitute the superior nature of the Swan Island area. Geographical environment. Niu Gao Lake formed a schematic diagram 成 foot climbing guest/drawing

Therefore, the average water area for many years is 15.6 square kilometers, and the total water storage capacity is about 120 million to 150 million cubic meters. In addition, the annual flood flooding makes it develop into a typical Yangtze River hometown flood and stasis wetland.

The water of the beach wetland is well developed, and has three elements of wild animals such as water, food and concealed places. The good wetland ecosystem makes the biodiversity here extremely rich.

Elk mother and son, Shishi Shouqi Elk National Nature Reserve provided

With the support of this series of advantages, people have successfully realized the relocation of the Yangtze River Porpoch's relocation and the re -introduction of the elk here.

Since 1993, the Shishou Reserve has introduced 64 elk from Beijing Nanhaizi Elk Garden. It currently has grown to more than 2,500 heads. It has formed four groups including the protected area, Jiangnan Sanheyu, Yang Botan, and Dongting Lake in Hunan.

The distribution of elk distribution in the protected area and surrounding areas, according to the reference system of the literature, is for reference only to the foot climbing/drawing

As the concept of protection of the Yangtze River continues to penetrate the hearts of the people, the unique elk wild population in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River has continued to grow. The development of elk population in the middle of the Yangtze River is expected to establish a natural ecological corridor in the Yangtze River Wild Elk.

Oriental Baiji Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve provided in the reserved area provided

In addition to the "National Treasure" elk, the protected areas include national first -level protection animals such as white -buns, black crickets, and white pillow cranes. I amphibious reptiles (such as black spots, such as black spots, Hubei side fold frogs, Chinese toads, etc.) and fish.

Under the protection and repair of people, the elk is freely galloping in their hometown again.

03

"Four do not like" who is like?

Everyone who sees the elk for the first time should be surprised by his strange appearance like a deer and a donkey. In fact, the unique shape of the "four -like" elk is the result of continuous evolution and evolution in order to adapt to the living environment.

Significant comparison of elk body features are for reference only to the foot climbing customer/drawing

The elk "face" looks like a horse? The elk is a typical wetland animal. It is convenient for the long face to take into the water and take the water plants while observing the wind and the grass movement to avoid natural enemy attacks.

The elk "tail" looks like a donkey? The tail of the elk is the longest in the deer family. This is due to the breeding of mosquito flies in the wetland. The long tail of the elk can drive the flies and insects in the wetland to reduce the risk of wound infection and illness.

Compared with other deer animals, the elk's tail is indeed a lot of panoramic vision.

The elk "hoof" is like a cow? The elk's hoof is wide and has a dermis membrane between the fingers, which increases the contact area of ​​the feet and the ground, which is conducive to walking in the swamp, which is also helpful for their actions in the water.

Interestingly, sometimes the elk battle will stand upright and use the forelimbs to "fight" © panoramic vision

The elk "horns" go back? Due to often in wetland swamps, plants in wetlands are more like reeds and artemisia grass. When the elk walks through the lush wetland plants, the antlers are stretched backwards to avoid the blocking of plants and convenient shuttle.

Pu Du's Elk Qun Shi Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve provided

However, the "horns" here refer to the horn of the male elk, and the female elk does not have a horn.

At mid -to -late May of each year, adult Bucks will decide the strongest deer king in order to compete for their partners. The mighty deer king will entangle water plants on the antlers and decorate and show off herself through the strange "hanging grass" behavior to attract the female elk's attention.

The battle between the Bucks is provided

In addition, in order to better conceal yourself, the elk is dressed on the season with different seasons. In summer, the hair color of the elk is brown -red, and it is replaced with brown gray in winter.

The Elk Qunshou Elk National Nature Reserve, which is replaced with "Winter Cloth", provides

The unique face of elk has helped them quietly spend millions of years of competition and elimination under the changes in the natural environment and the threat of natural enemies, but ... how can they welcome the sharp changes on the edge of the extinction. s future?

04

The skin is not saved

The elk has gone through the prosperity of the Chinese land, and it has declined, and then recovered from disappearance to losing. Several times on the edge of the extinct cliff, it broke through the gray barrier on the path again and again. Is such a successful experience replication?

There is a "World Extinction Animal Cemetery" in Beijing Nanhaizi Elk Garden, where various birds and beasts that have been extinct for nearly 300 years have been arranged for nearly 300 years. Each tombstone represents an extinct animal. During the era of extinction and the place for extinction.

The "World Extinction Animal Cemetery" in Beijing Nanhaizi Elk Garden has been announced in China

Extinction always repeats similar deaths and tragedies. In the end, it became a sigh in the long river of history. And who will the next falling tombstone engraved?

Perhaps we need to call more people to review the relationship between man and nature.

Zhang Hua's "Museum" in the Jin Dynasty records: "Hailing County Fujiang picks up the sea, many elm beasts, thousands of aspects, digging grass roots. Do not cultivate it. "

Hailing County is the current area of ​​Jiangsu Taizhou. The Dafeng Elk Nature Reserve is distributed in the nearby elk in the Binhai Plain of Jiangsu. It becomes rotten, and the ancients found that such land is conducive to people's cultivation. Some people grow crops based on this, which has become a choice of harmonious coexistence between people and nature.

Today, where natural ecology has changed, it is not uncommon for wild animals to conflict with people. However, more and more cases show the choice of harmonious symbiosis of man and nature. It is also reasonable.

Ecological prosperity is civilized, and ecological decay is civilized. It is a warning that is naturally issued with natural things including wild animals and plants including wild animals and plants.

The elk group in the Shishou Elk Reserve is provided by the National Nature Reserve of Shishou Elk Elk

references:

[1] Cao Keqing. Discussion on the cause of the extinction of wild elk [J]. Zoology Research, 1985, 6 (1): 111-115.

[2] Dobson J.pere David and the Discovery and Early History of ELAPHURUS DAVIDIANUS. Proceedings of the Zoolical Society of London [J], 1951,121: 320-325.......

[3] Bedford duke off. Pere david's deer: The history of the woburn herd [J]. Proceedings of the zoolical society of london. 1951, 121: 327-333.

[4] Li Pengfei, Ding Yuhua, Zhang Yuming, etc. The distribution and quantity survey of the wild elk population in the middle of the Yangtze River [J].

[5] Cao Keqing compiled. Elk Study [M]. Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press, 2005.

[6] Zhang Jinming, Fu Longfei, Hong Xin, etc.. Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve's herbal plant area and species diversity [J]. Ecological magazine, 2019, (2): 513-520.

[7] Zhang Yuming, Yang Tao. Shishou Elk National Nature Reserve Common Birds and Plant Maps [M]. Jiangsu Phoenix Science and Technology Press, 2018.

[8] Yu Changqing. Chinese elk genetic diversity status and protection countermeasures [J]. Biological diversity, 1996, 4 (3): 130-134.

[9] Yang Rongsheng, Zhang Linyuan, Tang Baotian, etc. Investigation of the status quo of the Chinese elk population [J]. Zoom Magazine, 2003, (2): 76-81.

- END -