How to play on vacation?There are "Golden Week" in the Song Dynasty.

Every July and August is the peak period of vacation. According to statistics, the proportion of national statutory holidays and weekends accounted for more than 31%of the year, and we have nearly 1/3 of our holidays each year. So, do you know how today's vacation system comes? Before that, how did the ancients take a vacation? How did they spend during vacation?

In the early days of the "Golden Week" in the Song Dynasty, people did not have a special holiday. The main rest activities stemmed from sacrifice behavior. During the Qin Dynasty, with the realization of the "unification of the big unification", the state's administrative management system became more and more complete, and officials began to have a comprehensive leave system, called "return". Since the Han Dynasty, the fixed break has been established and set for one day for one day every five days, called "rest". "Han Law" described, "The official had to have a murder on the five days, and the words were restless." In addition, the Han Dynasty also had regular leave in the winter solstice and summer solstice, and had special care for the funeral holiday.

Eastern Han Banquet Drinking Brick

From the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, officials were one -day holiday every five days. There was a rotation system during the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, called "Fan Holiday". Since the Tang Dynasty, it has become a ten -time leave system. Every ten (10th) rest for one day and 36 days a year. However, these are regular holidays. Starting from Tang Xuanzong, the emperor's birthday has also been set as a celebration of the country, called "birthday". "Qianqiu Festival" is the holiday that Tang Xuanzong depends on his birthday for three days. The Tang Dynasty also had a "National Festival Day", setting the day of the death of the Emperor as a commemorative day. In addition, the visiting relatives during the Tang Dynasty determined according to the distance between the officials and the parents: officials who lived in 500 miles away can be visited every five years for 15 days; if 3,000 miles away, it can be visited every three years to visit once every three years. , 35 days. In the Song Dynasty, the number of holidays was more. According to Song Shi notes "Wenchang Miscellaneous Grain", at that time, the Yuan Dynasty (Spring Festival), the cold food, and winter solstice for 7 days, similar to today's "Golden Week". During the Song Dynasty, officials could reach 124 days during the year. The Song Dynasty also continued the tradition of setting up the Tang Dynasty. For example, Song Zhenzong set up Tianqing Festival due to the heavenly book incident and five days of vacation. After the Song Dynasty, officials' holidays began to shrink. During the Yuan Dynasty, the national statutory holidays were reduced to 16 days. In the early Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang stipulated that only the Spring Festival, the winter solstice, and his birthday holiday throughout the year. Although the three -day leave of each month and some legal holidays were resumed, the total number of holidays was still about 50 days. The holiday system of the Qing Dynasty basically continued the previous previous, without significant changes. In the early days of the Ming Dynasty, the function of organizing the appearance of the "Rest" system was greater than the rest and relaxation. In ancient times, bathing should pay attention to the effect of "bathing and bathing", so people often need to spend a longer time for personal cleaning and care. In addition, officials in the Han Dynasty needed to work at a specific place. Therefore, in addition to taking a bath leave, "Xiu Mu" is also a day when he returns home to visit relatives. In the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, people's holiday entertainment methods are more abundant. With Go, Shuanglu, and Poting pots, Go is the most popular. According to the Biography of the South History, "Emperor Liang Wudi played chess to make the pupae fix the chess records, and 278 people from the board", it can be seen that the chess activities are common. In the Tang Dynasty, the wind was prevailing in the distance. Sun Siyi recorded in "Thousands of Monthly": "On the day of Chongyang, it must be ascended to the distance with wine and wine for the time of the banquet." Although it was not only the Tang Dynasty, it was not only the Tang Dynasty. The concept of ascension is diluted, and fitness, playing, etc. have become the theme. During the Song Dynasty, the "gameplay" of holidays was more abundant. In addition to conventional projects such as lighting, moon viewing, flowering, watching song and dancing acrobatics, and going out, it even included gambling.

Ma Hezhi's "Wind Wind Map"

At that time, the "holiday consumption" was very active. Chess and card games were popular across the country. Fishing, fighting, and other folk entertainment were widely loved. Various wine shops, tea houses, and snack stalls were spread all over. It also caused high -end facilities and services. "Fanlou" of a five -star hotel. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, due to the reduction of holidays, the long -term tourism activities also decreased accordingly. In addition to the conventional visiting relatives, people were popular at the time. At this time, the "bath" has been different from the "Xiu Mu" during the Han Dynasty. The appearance of the public bathroom has made "bath" a event of Talking and leisure and entertainment. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the improvement of the economic level and the development of water transportation gradually increased the number of people going out. Published. However, labor and overtime work on holidays are also common. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, an official named Shang Ziping went up the mountain to cut firewood on the rest of the rest to subsidize the family. There was a record of "the county contributed to the county, returning to the mountain, and saved it for food and drinking." When Emperor Han Cheng, there was a "thief Cao Yan", that is, Zhang Fu, who was in charge of the capture of the thieves, "refused to take a rest, take Cao to rule the matter." In the future, there will be more and more holidays in the ancient vacation system. It is mainly aimed at the bureaucratic class. For the general public, there is no institutional guarantee. Many workers work all year round and have been endless for many years. After the founding of New China, the vacation system for all citizens was really born. In December 1949, the Government Affairs Council issued the "National New Year and Memorial Day Holiday Measures". This is also the first regulatory regulation after the founding of New China. This method has basically formed the basic pattern of my country's legal holidays: the New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, the May 1st Labor Day, and the Eleventh National Day are regulated as a legal holiday. Since then, my country's holiday system has not undergone major changes. However, since the reform and opening up, there have been several important holiday adjustments in my country. For example, the "five -day work system" implemented in 1995, the "Golden Week" implemented from 1999, and the "Regulations on the annual leave of employees" that were officially implemented in 2008. During this period, the reform of the vacation system was mainly concentrated in the calculation of labor hours and annual leave systems. After more than 40 adjustments, my country's vacation system gradually improved. In fact, how much national vacation time depends on the level of labor productivity. Nowadays, with the improvement of national industrialization and informatization, my country's labor productivity has greatly improved, which has also made extended holiday possible. Wang Qiyan, director of the China Leisure Economic Research Center, believes that the reform of the vacation system does not happen overnight. There should be a long -term plan that needs to be gradually implemented in combination with the development stage of the national economy and the development of national tourism and leisure. Liberation Daily · Shangguan News Original manuscript, reprinting without permission

Author: Xiao Yawen

WeChat editor: Miss Pi

School pair: CP

- END -