Huang Qiaosheng, Executive Deputy Director of the Lu Xun Museum: The classic "A Q True Story of Ah Q" can withstand the grinding of time ｜ Read+

Lu Xun has to read more

Some scholars have summarized the Ten contradictions of A Q personality. In the context of Mr. Lu Xun from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Revolution of 1911, Mr. Lu Xun used an inconspicuous Ah Q as the main line of the unsightly Ah Q of all beings. He satirized the numbness and dullness that people were squeezed at the time without knowing themselves. The police officer Lu Xun woke up. Only by soberly aware of his situation and actively seeking real changes, China would have a way out. The portrayal of the character into the wood in "A Q True Story" always gives people a new one.

Mr. Lu Xun was at the fate of the nation, and was very familiar with the situation and mood of working hard during his period. He used a giant pen to create a series of lifelike characters such as Xianglin, Bai Tu, Ah Q, and Kong Yiji. Lu Xun's persistent love for the people, worried about the ethnicity of the nation, and the sister -in -law of the people. Lu Xing's sense of sorrow, the perspective of the people in his work, is one of his most valuable wealth circulating in future generations.

In modern times, Lu Xun has been a peak of spiritual culture. As a huge idea and culture, Lu Xun marks the historical height that Chinese culture has reached. Today, when we build a socialist modern power, we need a strong national quality and a strong national spirit, and we need to learn to carry forward the spirit of Lu Xun. These all require us to read more classic works of Lu Xun, read Lu Xun, understand Lu Xun, walk into Lu Xun, and feel his temperature and glory. (Liu Gonghu)

"I want to do a positive biography for Ah Q, it has been more than a year or two. But I have to do it and think about it again. This shows that I am not a‘ stand -out ’person.”

This is the first sentence of "A Q's True Story", which has been 100 years today. So Huang Qiaosheng, executive deputy director of the Lu Xun Museum, made the "A Note" of "Ah Q Topo", which was published by the Commercial Press not long ago.

In the postscript, Huang Qiaosheng wrote: "My idea of ​​making a note for" A Q's True Story "has been lingering in my mind for many years. This year, it was made.

This is to pay tribute to Lu Xun.

Last week, I read+an interview with Huang Qiaosheng.

Huang Qiaosheng.

1,000 readers have 1,000 A Q in the eyes

Huang Qiaosheng made a note for "A Q's True Story". He did it very seriously and was very inspiring. At that time, Lu Xun first wrote the four words "Ah Q's True Story" as the topic, and then wrote two words "Pakistan" for signature. For these two words, Huang Qiaosheng wrote more than 800 words.

Lu Xun used more than a hundred pseudonym in his life. "Baba" only used it once when he wrote "Ah Q's True Story". Lu Xun said that it was "taking the" Xialiba people ", which did not mean an elegant."

Professor Gao Yihan, a professor at Peking University, once described the panic caused by the pen name and "A Q's True Story" in the reader: "I remember when the section of" A q True Story "was published one by one, many people were afraid of it, I am afraid that in the future, I will have to be in the future. Scolding him on his head. And a friend, when I said, yesterday, a certain paragraph in "A Q Together" seemed to scold himself. Therefore, he suspected that "A Q's True Story" was done by someone, why? ? Because only someone knows his personal affairs ... Since then, he is suspicious, and everything in "A Q True Story" thinks it is his yin and private; People can't help but be the suspect of what he thinks of the author who thinks "Ah Q Together"! When he asked the author of the author of "A Q's True Story", he knew that he and the author did not know each other, so he did not know the author. I realized myself, and I stated that it was not scolding him. "

"A Note of Ah Q True Story"

Lu Xun with Huang Qiao Sheng Jian Note

Business printing

Lu Xun's Tongxiang Zhang Tingqian once guessed that the "Pakistan" was Pu Boying, a Sichuan native (the editor of the Morning News "):" At that time, not only did this article written by Pu Boying, but also thought that this article was written by Pu Boying to irony Hu Shi. Well. In the article, not only mentioned Hu Shi, but we know that Hu Shi has a pen name 'q. v.' ... So Hu Shi is "Ah Q", which is also logical. "

Lu Xun did not admit that "film" said, he wrote in "The Cause of" A True Story of Ah Q ":" Until this article was collected in "Scream", some people asked me: You are really scolding Who is with whom? I can only be sad and indignant, and I can't make me see that I won't be so bad. "

The reporter also saw a piece of materials. The famous historian Mr. Hou Waulu insisted that Q represents the problem Question, and Mr. Lu Xun wanted to ask a big problem.

It can only be said that in the eyes of 1,000 readers, there are 1,000 A Q.

The classics are pondered, and they can withstand picky

"Ah Q's True Story" was greatly rewarded after the release. "Now there is no one who loves literary and artistic young people who never say the word" Ah q ', "was soon translated into a foreign language, Roman Roland likes it; At the same time, controversy and criticism have always been accompanied by "Az and Q's True Story".

Part of the foreign language version of "A q True Story".

On February 10, 1922, a reader named Tan Guotang wrote to the editor of the "Novel Monthly" and said: "Morning News" "Ah Q True Story" in four issues in the "Morning News". Very, but it seems too sharp, a little hurt. Ironically, it is easy to flow into premium, which makes people feel unreal, but it is not perfect. Almost! "Mao Dun recounted different opinions:" Although Mr. Baren's "A Q True Story of Ah Q" only entered the fourth chapter, in my opinion, it is a masterpiece. It ’s not the only thing to do. Ah Q, it’ s impossible to point out in the current society, but when I read this novel, I always feel that Ah Q is very familiar, yes, he, he, he It is the crystallization of Chinese character! "In the second year of" Scream ", Cheng imitated me in" Creation of the Creation of the Creation ". "Shallow" and "vulgarity", he himself "didn't even have the patience to read" "Ah Q Together", thinking that it was "shallow and real biography" and "very bad structure."

Poet Zhu Xiang commented: "Although" A True Story of Ah Q "is the most famous, I think it is a bit consciously revealed. And it can also write the place where the gentleman's" Ru Lin Wai History "can be written, although Mrs. Zhao wrote If you want to buy a leather vest, the section of the A Q Dou Wang Hu can be the same as the description of the dirt in "Hometown". "He also believes that the first chapter of" A q " Some of them are imitating "Don Quixote": "So I still have old opinions now," Az and Q True Story "is nothing."

In addition, Zheng Zhenduo believes that the novel writes Ah Q to participate in the split of personality in the revolution; Lu Xun has responded and does not agree with this criticism.

In April 1979, Qian Yanshu answered questions from Lu Xun's short-story novels in a small seminar at the University of California's Berkeley campus: "Lu Xun's short stories are well written, but he is only suitable It is not suitable to write 'long-winded, as if Ah Q looks too long, it should be trimmed to trim Curtailed. "

History has proven that there is a process of gradually deepening the understanding of "A Q's True Story". The classics are pondered, and they can also stand discerning, criticism, and questioning.

【Interview】

When it comes to Lu Xun, the first thing to think of is "Ah Q Together"

Reading+: How to locate the status of "A Q's True Story" in Lu Xun's creation, and how to position its status in the history of modern literature in China and even the world?

Huang Qiaosheng: Lu Xun has achieved outstanding achievements in the field of literature and academic research. He has made first -class results in some areas, and has done pioneering work in some aspects.

As far as literature is concerned, the history of literature gives Lu Xun's "new literature representative" status, calling it the ancestor of the Chinese modern vernacular novels, and took his first vernacular novel "Madman's Diary" as the starting point of Chinese modern literature. This means that in terms of novel creation, Lu Xun's achievement is the pioneering nature, which is also a milestone.

Of course, the atmosphere is of course contributed, but a great writer usually does not only be in the mountains. After the mountains are opened, you have to build a milestone and climb the peak. In terms of novels, an important milestone established by Lu Xun is "A True Story of Ah Q", which is his masterpiece and the peak of his literary creation. When people mention Lu Xun, the first thing to think of is this work.

Although the length of "A Q Turnive" is not as good as the later "Zi Ye", "Home", "Spring", "Autumn", etc., "A Q True Story" is profound, strange, and rich in meaning, so this work is a hundred years. Come has always been the target of the focus of research and the model of the writer's learning and creation. Of course, it has also become the focus of debate. No matter what the evaluation of it, its richness is unquestionable.

In the history of world literature, there are a lot of foreign language translations in "A True Story of Ah Q", researching a lot; foreigners study modern Chinese literature, and Lu Xun and his "A Q Turnive" are must -read objects; in many world literature rankings For example, there are the greatest novels ever ever, and "Aza Q" is always listed on behalf of Chinese works with "Dream of Red Mansions".

Reading+: In the past 100 years, what kind of journey has the research on "A True Story of Ah Q"? Can you talk about the current status of research?

Huang Qiaosheng: Over the past century, the psychological development process of several generations of Chinese interpretation and research on "A Q True Story" can be described by words such as surprise, joy, depression, confusion, and reflection. This tortuous process also reflects the changes in Chinese society and the progress of ideas. At the beginning, people were surprised by such a strange work: Is it true that people like A Q are true? How can there be such a person? Who wrote this? Who is writing? Written by my acquaintance, I wrote some of my things? These questions show that this work hit the key to humanity, seized the foundation of nationality, found the roots of the so -called "spiritual victory law", and caused the people to reflect on Chinese society and the discussion of inferiority in Chinese society during a period.

However, with the development of the times, people are also frustrated and confused: Is it such darkness in China and no future? Isn't the revolution in Ah Q's revolutionaryness, isn't it the hope of the future? Therefore, one period of time, people criticized Lu Xun too pessimistic and did not see the progress of Chinese farmers. At this time, Ah Q, who was conceded and condemned, triggered sympathy and was hoped.

Of course, it is not a novel text, but a researcher from his own position and requires different meanings to the work. Readers from different times have different A Quan.

Related to this, the understanding of "A True Story of Ah Q" has also undergone a process of changing from affirmation to negation, negation to affirmation, and negation and affirmation. But in general, people of different times are affirmation of the importance and richness of this work. Although different readers look at the different vision of the work and the writer, they can get different cognitions, but this also proves the classic value of the work.

The study of "A Q True Story" has always been the focus of Lu Xun's research. Since the beginning of the new century, with the prosperity of cross -cultural and multimedia research, many results have been made in the research of novel adaptation, interpretation, communication, and acceptance. For example, some scholars have systematically sorted out art works on "A True Story of Ah Q" and studied image science. Such results are model significance, and their methods can be used to other works of Lu Xun. In 2021, for the one hundred years of publication of "A True Story of Ah Q", the academic community reviewed the history of the history of the novel. There were also some monographs and papers published.

"Return to Lu Xun's original intention" is the first goal of making the note of "A Q Turnive"

Reading+: writer Xu Yanyong, Li Helin, and Singaporean scholar Zheng Ziyu have all made the note of "A Q Turnive". What are the new ideas and characteristics of your notes this time?

Huang Qiaosheng: Xu Yanyong and Li Helin's notes have the political characteristics of specific eras. In addition to the explanation of words and phrases in the work, they also emphasize that A Q as a farmer's revolution is understandable.

Zheng Ziyu's note also started to do it very early, but it was relatively late. When I saw it, it was in the 1990s, and I felt very novel. One was the title of the book that surprised me- "Aza Q Together" Zheng Jian "," Zheng Jian "was a specialty in Chinese culture Object, "The poet always loves Xikun, and hates no one as a Zheng Jian." Because the comments are surnamed with Zheng Xuan, the master's note master Zheng Xuan, so that the reader will be surprised and will smile; the second is "Zheng Zheng The new intention of the note is that his annotation is more at the perspective of culture, which is in line with Lu Xun's original intention.

My note follows this road, draws some of his achievements, and hopes to fully excavate and show the cultural content of this masterpiece. In some places, there are dialogues with "Zheng Jian". For example, Lu Xun wrote a sentence "I'm not A Q" in the preface. Zheng Jian wrote: "Actually, my tribe will inevitably take Ah Q more or less. Can Mr. Lu Xun be unique? The meaning of the meaning is unique. What A Q said. "This is of course a high praise for Lu Xun, but I also pointed out that there is no" A Q phase "in Lu Xun's text, which does not mean that there is no in real life. In fact, everyone has the shadow of A Q, but Lu Xun's words and deeds are rarely.

My note has several characteristics: First of all, not only considering the differences in the version, the errors and errors between different versions are taken. An important task is to interpret the classical and "current classics". In terms of dialect pronunciation, this aspect is a lot of ink. Secondly, the note pays attention to "Yulu Lu", and the contemporary persons will be used to conduct text mutual learning and historical materials to provide readers with more materials and observation angles; Thirdly, the details of the novels are deeply deepened into the deep cultural psychology of Chinese and foreign, and the comparison and remittance are compared. In addition, the note often uses foreign language translations such as Japan, France, Britain, etc., trying to use a cross -cultural perspective, and through the comparison analysis of the original and translation, the language and cultural meaning of the novel are newly observed. In the end, readers will be very interested that this book uses a large number of illustrations. The note made a detailed explanation of the appearance of A Q, the shape of his braids, etc., and described the more clear external image characteristics of Ah Q. Regarding Ah Q's figure, Lu Xun once talked about the image of the A Q in the painter he saw: "But the A Q they painted are different from what I think. The painter painted A Q too thin, but in fact, Lu Xun himself wrote Ah Q and used the words "thin". The standard of fat and thin is really difficult to grasp. Northern painters, southern painters and foreign painters have their own imagination. In the book, I arranged the works of the same scene painted by Chinese and foreign painters. Comics, prints, various forms, different styles, and different styles, which helps readers better understand the content of the novel.

Reading+: Why do you repeatedly emphasize "return to Lu Xun's original intention" in the book?

Huang Qiaosheng: Interpretation of classics is a process of development, a process of change, of course, it is also a deepening process. The research of famous books and the research of Lu Xun needs to be deepened, not deity, and of course, do not take another extreme derogation and abuse. It is not because Lu Xun did not realize some complex and long -term problems in advance, and did not encounter new changes in society, he denied him and his works. In fact, in the study of Lu Xun more than 100 years, both problems exist. Therefore, I emphasized "return to Lu Xun's original intention" and regarded it as the first goal of my note. During the annotation process, I fully explored what Lu Xun thought when writing, and what purpose he wanted to achieve. In response to the century -old reading history, it can also further explore the meaning of Lu Xun's discussion and discussion with readers and critics, and explore the significance of subsequent generations of additional people in interpretation of the work.

Lu Xun's own understanding of his work and characters was the extension of his original intention. Therefore, in the final analysis, we still have to return to Lu Xun's intention. Lu Xun should originally write the sequel to "A Q's True Story"

Reading+: You wrote in "Note", "" A True Story of Ah Q "has become a masterpiece soon. What is this" classic "process? On the other hand, you deliberately collected some criticisms of "A Q's True Story" in "Note". How do you know the value of these criticisms?

Huang Qiaosheng: "A Q's True Story" has attracted attention soon. Only four issues were serialized in the Morning News, and they were praised by Mao Dun and others. They were considered high -level masterpieces. The characters in the book can immediately think of the people around them and themselves. It can be said that the starting point of this book is very high, and it is used as a classic from the beginning. Subsequently, the interpretation and comments in each period have both the characteristics of the times and the in -depth research on its historical and cultural meaning.

The writer has the perspective of writers, and politicians have the point of view of politicians. Comrade Mao Zedong repeatedly discussed this work. 1937年3月1日，他在与史沫特莱谈话中说：“大家知道，死去不久的鲁迅，在他的一篇小说上，描写了一个叫作阿Q的人，这个阿Q，在At any time he is victory, and others are failed. Let them say that there are many characters such as Ah Q in the world. "In April 1956 Yang Guizi is not allowed to comment on the plot of the A Q Revolution: "We must remember this lesson. Whether it is not allowed to revolution in the society or the comrades who are not allowed to make mistakes in the party, it is not good."

Each reader has his own understanding of A Q. 1,000 readers have 1,000 A Q. In different historical context, the same reader will also see the different aspects of A Q. As for criticism, I think that although it is not necessarily in line with Lu Xun's original intention, it also has reference value. Therefore, in the postscript of the note, I deliberately collected some negative criticisms, intended to explain that this masterpiece is constantly questioning the classic -if readers of each era are attached and previously in favor, there is no new perception without new insights without new perceptions. Then the classic nature of this work is suspicious. Classic masterpieces are not unsatisfactory, and there are no famous books that can be suitable for everyone's taste. The title of classic works is not self -proclaimed, not authorized by authority, nor is it the legend of people and Yunyun, but the grinding of time and the discerning of many readers.

Reading+: You wrote in "Note", "The shaping of the character A Q has not yet been completed in Lu Xun's writing. The spirit of Ah Q has not reached the highest peak, and the development is not enough." How should I understand this?

Huang Qiaosheng: Lu Xun said to draw the soul of the people. However, when he wrote, it was based on his state of understanding of Chinese nationality, and it was limited to space, and it was impossible to fully realize his expression intention. After the work was published, he would respond to all kinds of praise and criticism. The spirit has not reached the most, because it still develops in Lu Xun's thought world.

In the 1930s, Lu Xun's thoughts on the inferiority of Ah Q's spiritual victory had developed new development. Lu Xun should write the sequel of "A Q True Story". In fact, he did have such an idea, but he did not realize it.

(Yangjiang Daily reporter Li Yan)

【Edit: Zheng Xiaoxiao】

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