[Yan Gongda • Baoyuntang Art Review] 63 Reading: expression of temperament is the basic characteristic of artistic creation

Wang Xizhi's "Mrs. Madam of the Prefecture" After the Crane Crane "": "The husband and paper are also, the author's swords, the ink man, the water of the water, the waters of the water, the general general, the deputy general of the person, the structural person, the structure, The strategy is also ... "Wang Xizhi is indeed the right general who is familiar with the military. He uses the technique and emotional metaphor of the pen and paper as a variety of elements on the battlefield. "General of the mind, the deputy general of the person", the "heart" is the temperament and thought of the book, and the "leader" refers to the skill of the book. The two are two sides in calligraphy creation. The enhancement of the skill will promote the improvement of temperament. In the process of sublimation, the scholars' perception ability can be strengthened, thereby more effective promotion of the skill improvement. Mr. Yan has a dialectical understanding of the relationship between temperament and skills:

"It is both skillful and more affectionate -‘ do n’t surpass your heart ’.”

"Books are naturally natural, after all, you need mature techniques to dominate. Feng Ban's" Dark Yin Book "cloud:‘ the ability is extremely important, and the mind is born with the ability. ’”

"Expressive temperament is the basic feature of art creation."

"The pursuit of scholars will be more pioneering, strong, and lyrical. As the ancients said: 'Gracefulness is the first sex, and the technique is the second sex.' So today's calligraphy creation will make articles in style, connotation, and interest. Pay attention to mental nature. "(" Baoyuntang Art Review ")

Zhang Xu's "Four Posts of Ancient Poems" partial

Calligraphy art creation should be hand in hand and sentiment, otherwise, "work is not asexual, unknown; sexuality and no work" (Yang Shen). It can be seen that in terms of skills and temperament, such as the wings of the birds and the two rounds of the car. Relative to the deviation, let alone choose one, otherwise you will lame and fold your wings, not far and not high. Su Shi's so -called "not learning" is "practicing". If you do not practice hard, it will be difficult to have deep skills. In this way, even if the temperament is high, it is difficult to express and cannot be implemented in the creation. Conversely, no matter how deeper kung fu, if you lack good comprehensive literacy and rich emotional expression, the words written are skillful, traditional and unprepared, he will have no intention, and it will not be out of ancient times. Wish to come out, but not enough to have enough temperament. Liu Ye explicitly stated in "The Dragon of Wenxin": "Literary Field Pen Garden, there is surgery and door". He believes that he has mastered the writing of writing, just like the master who is proficient in chess. The use of ever -changing tricks can soberly and consciously "control the source of the emotion and win the Wenyuan." In terms of calligraphy, this is the same. "The artists are bold". If the scholar's skills are not turned off and the skills are not hard, they will have nothing to do with it. They can only look around in the creation.

What is skill? Mr. Jin Kaicheng said: "Smart means to master the degree or realm of the basic skills." The study of calligraphy art and even the study of all traditional culture can not ignore the basic skills, and it is to "live to the old, learn old" Without a long -term diligence and hard work, there will be no real effort. The Qing people Zhong Yan said: "People are not born and great, they all eat fireworks on earth, because 'The saints are willing to be a kung fu. Kung Fu, the sage becomes a mediocre; willing to do kung fu, mediocre people will also become saints. As the saying goes, "achievement naturally", whether it is learning or creating a career, whether it is practicing or lived, it requires the guidance and guarantee of the skill to achieve the ideal state. Only with your efforts can you have a generous skill. For the scholar, the work is not just the phenomenon of simply pursuing the "Penzuka ink Pond", but it must be deepened to the quality of the kung fu. Qi Gong's "On the Book of Books" said: "The so -called kung fu is not too long. The pen is also the word, which is unreasonable and boring. Must be accurate.

In the study and research of calligraphy art, we must practice superb skills in order to "be apprentices with heaven and ancient". Zhang Wentao said that "Bai Lian is natural", which shows that the "nature" realm in art can only be achieved by pure skills; "nature" that has no skill or unscrupulous skills is actually a kind of intentional twisting, maliciously malicious Just make it. Practice must be persistent, for a long time, after all, "one minute on the stage, ten years off the stage". We call calligraphy "daily lessons", that is, we have to study every day, and we must work hard every day. As described in the book of Zeng Guofan's family, "get up early every day, learn a hundred characters, and make a little repulsion." "Every time The pen is constantly waved. Except for writing and office, there is still a word of words, not very intermittent. "Of course, the practice of practicing can still suffer. Su Shi said:" It is not as good as the sanctuary. The pen is bald and thousands of pipes, and the ink grinds thousands of ingots. It does not make Zhang Zhi as Su Jing. "Only such a hard work can reach the peak of calligraphy art.

Zhang Xu's "Four Posts of Ancient Poems" partial

Practicing is not time to use, there are many number of Linchuang, and the amount of paper with ink will be "high". Instead, it is necessary to follow the language and development law of the art of calligraphy in the practice. The second practice and long -lasting hard work can practice the kung fu. Wang Sengqian's "Passionate Polish" states that "the heart is forgotten, the hand is forgotten the book, and the heart is affectionate." On the basis of skill, he attaches great importance to the training of techniques. For example, he talks about the study of the family law "the" vow "and write" Huang Ting ". After long -term skills, it is "the work is full, but the name is good at the time." Speaking of skills and temperament, what is the skill of calligraphy? Mr. Yan told us: "We often say that a person's calligraphy 'is skillful', how to explain? Chinese people's way of thinking is comprehensive thinking, not analytical thinking. Everyone is used to using the overall feeling to grasp the nature of things, Mainly 'major concepts'. This inevitable ambiguity of thinking is advantageous, which can be easier to avoid the disadvantages of seeing the woods. Wandering. Understanding this, it is not difficult to understand why everyone often lacks a stable and clear indicator system when they understand calligraphy. Therefore, when it comes to someone's calligraphy '"skillful', we may not think about it seriously 'The skill of calligraphy' refers to?

One is the ability to understand the meaning of ink and line changes. Ink colors and lines are actually the most basic manifestations of calligraphy art. If you do n’t understand the meaning of ink color and line changes, you can only paint the cats by copying the cats through copying, and you dare not cross the thunder pool by the ancients.

The second is the ability to understand the connotation of calligraphy works. Poems, songs or famous sayings of the text content of calligraphy works are rich in thought or interest. The change of ink color and lines must be coordinated with the text connotation of calligraphy works. The image of ink color and lines must serve the expression of text connotation. If the ink color and line changes deviate from the text connotation, it will not be harmonious at all, so it is not even 'beauty'.

The third is the ability to understand 'real -time emotions and aesthetic tastes'. The charm of art to a large extent depends on the changes of 'instant emotions and aesthetic tastes'. Some beautiful feelings are fleeting and will never come back again. Some master -level calligraphers have not many boutiques in their lives, but they have become masters with a few fine products. ‘Instant emotions and aesthetic taste’ is very important for the creation of the work, because what can be made in batches can not be artistic.

The fourth is the ability to understand the best tools required for expression. In order to express different text content, different emotions and different aesthetic tastes artistic, different ink colors and lines need to be changed. Creating different ink and line changes requires different types of brush and ink and paper stalks. Understanding this is also very important.

Understanding in place does not mean that operation can be in place. Those who are tall and low, sometimes they think well, but they can't do it; or they can do it, which is far from the ideal state. Understanding is necessary, but only understanding is not enough. There is no ability to control the ink and line changes, and there is no ability to control 'instant emotions and aesthetic tastes'. The work must be rough and cannot be exquisite. "(" Baoyuntang Art Review ")

Mr. Yan believes: "Contemporary calligraphy creation is more repeatable and spiritual. The spirit of freehand is the essence of Chinese calligraphy art and the core value of Chinese calligraphy. Chinese calligraphy pursues poetry, which is 'lyric' '' unintelligo. Express your mind. "The reflection of the spirit of freehand depends on the generous skill foundation of the book, but it is not enough to rely on skills. It is necessary to express the expression of the scholars. The so -called "studying books in the law is in the law." So people's temperament not only refers to the habits and emotions of people, but also the comprehensive literacy such as the personality and meteorological, talent, aesthetic pursuit, and life attitude of the scholar. In other words, we must pay attention to techniques in calligraphy learning, but we cannot understand and isolated to understand. Instead, we must enter the height of "art" into the height of "art" and enter the height of "Tao" Essence Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" and Yan Zhenqing's "The Manuscript of the Nie" were considered the ultimate of calligraphy by later generations. Created for the creation, there is a natural nature of true temperament, and the freedom of the desire is written. Because of its profound skills, although it is not based on technical performance, it also has extremely high artistic value, especially its profound humanistic spirit and rich emotional performance, making these two works extremely vivid model.

Mr. Yan said: "Chinese calligraphy is the art of lines, the expression of the author's emotions and spirit, and the manifestation of the pulse of the times." The creation of calligraphy art should be "touching", even "touching", and emotional talents. Be moving, can form a unique style of book, thereby creative development. Therefore, no temperament is not the art. The beginning of Liu Ye's "Wenxin Eagle Dragon · Sports": "In terms of the husband's feelings, the haircuts are seen, the cover is hidden and even shows, and the person who is in the inside." What kind of temperament he thinks What kind of style of articles will be written, and pointed out that the scope of the article writing is ever -changing and the variety of articles style. It is completely due to the different subjective factors of the author's talents, qi, and learning. It is a innate " The result of the emotional "" and the "Tao Ran condensed" of the day after tomorrow. This literary theory can be used in calligraphy, and Liu Xizai also emphasized this in "Books": "Books, such as. As well as their talents, such as their own minds, in short, it is just like it." What kind of words do people write? This word is not the kind of writing that is practical, but also non -any -handed random drawing graffiti behavior, but is a calligraphy art creation that follows the essence of calligraphy art and the laws of development. Liu Xizai's "Book Summary" cloud: "The book of Xianzhe is warm, the book of Junxiong, Shen Yi, the scholar's book, and the talent of the talented book." Essence This also shows that calligraphy is not a "small technology" but "avenue". "Technology" is an essential element. It is indispensable, but it cannot be supreme and from. On the basis of skill, we must pay attention to the improvement of their own spiritual realm, ideological awareness, and knowledge. These factors directly affect the revealing of the scholars' temperament, so as to determine the quality and realm of calligraphy works. Mr. Yan emphasized that "expression of temperament is the basic characteristic of artistic creation", "calligraphy art creation skills and temperament". This requires scholars to "practice both inside and outside" on the road of calligraphy art. "External training" is the training of techniques and exercises, and "inner training" is the cultivation of self -temperament and the improvement of comprehensive literacy. Therefore, the ability to use calligraphy can be used flexibly and improves the expression of the art of calligraphy. If you do the two opinions and the skills of skills, you will not ask for work without work.

(Text/Peng Qingyang)

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