Weekend Characters ｜ Sun Yunyi: Hand -made "Contemporary Royal Yellow"

Sun Yunyi: Hand -made "Contemporary Royal Yellow"

2022-09-09 Volkswagen Daily 12 Edition

Sun Yunyi is at work

Sun Yunyi is in creation

Sun Yunyi's complex craftsmanship of "chicken oil yellow" is fascinated

□ Our reporter Yang Shudong Wang Jiasheng

Weekend Character · China News Column

Not long ago, the China Light Industry Federation announced the list of the eighth China Arts and Crafts Masters. In the selection of the first five years, Sun Yunyi from Boshan District, Zibo City was successfully selected, becoming the first batch of Liuli in the country to be awarded the master of Chinese arts and crafts masters in the country. artisan.

Sun Yunyi, 55, is the inheritor of the "Boshan Chicken Oil Yellow and Chicken Liver Stone Glaeling Techniques" in Shandong Province, and the director of Zibo Kanggan Silver Art Museum. His name is often associated with a special glazed artwork, that is, "chicken oil yellow" glazed.

Sun Yunyi, born in the Liuli family, has cracked the "chicken oil yellow" glazed firing skills that have been lost for many years with the exploration of nearly 40 years, so that the former royal "Yellow" returned to the public's vision. The "chicken oil yellow" and "chicken liver stone" Liuli works created by him successively won dozens of gold awards such as the Hundred Flowers Awards and the Golden Phoenix Award in major exhibitions at home and abroad.

"Only by the hot feeling of the whole fire and the heavy glazed materials on my hand can make me be solid and peaceful."

Royal Craftsman

"It can be said that I grew up in the glazed nest. My grandfather, father, and uncle were all glazed artisans. Uncle Sun Jiejie was a master of Chinese glass art. Liuli marbles. "Sun Yunyi said that the family environment allowed him to have a natural sense of closeness and mission for the production of Liuli.

The world Liuli looks at China, and China Liuli watches Boshan. Boshan is known as the hometown of Liuli. It has accumulated deeply in natural resources, historical factors, and cultural backgrounds. There are many types of glazed glazed in Boshan, and the craftsmanship has led the main direction of China's glazed development.

According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", there is an internal official supervisor in the court of the Ming Dynasty. It is one of the twenty -four gates of the eunuchs in the palace. Yan Shan Sun is the earliest family to join the Boshan Liuli industry to become the family of royal craftsmen. As the court of members of the Sun family, the Sun family managed a part of the classmates who entered the craftsmanship and provided the palace for more than 200 years.

In 1967, Sun Yunyi was born in the Liuli family of the city of Liuli.

Sun Yunyi liked to paint from an early age. At first, he learned Chinese painting with his uncle and laid a solid foundation for painting. In 1983, 16 -year -old Sun Yunyi came to work in the painting group in Boshan Fine Arts Grave Factory. He studied with masters Sun Mingjie and Chen Dongshun to learn the skills of painting and glass art in the snuff bottle. During his work, Sun Yunyi saw Sun Minding's research and development of "chicken oil yellow" Liuli, and he gradually fascinated the complex craftsmanship of "chicken oil yellow".

"Liuli is a artwork. The furnaces cannot stop at the advancement of craftsmanship. They must continuously enrich their minds and enrich cultural theoretical knowledge." Sun Yunyi continued to study and was admitted to the Shandong Light Industry and Art School in 1990. Let him have a deeper understanding of Liuli, especially the "chicken oil" Liuli, and has a profound impact on his future artistic creation.

In the 1990s, the Boshan Fine Arts Grape Factory closed down. Sun Yunyi's father and uncle opened a small glazed factory. "The furnace is a dealer for wealth in the fire. The previous conditions were limited, the working environment was particularly difficult, and the temperature of the working room was up to 40 degrees Celsius. The furnaces also worked hard in winter. Keep it. "Sun Yunyi said.

Chinese Glass · Liuli Master, the 13th National Technical Experts, Top Ten Craftsman Shandong, Master of Arts and Crafts in Shandong Province, Master of Art Arts in Shandong Province, Chief Technician in Shandong Province, Star of the Third Qilu Culture ... Over the years, Sun Yunyi's honor and title have been unclear.

Master of Chinese Arts and Crafts, this is the highest -level honor of the Chinese arts and crafts Olympic Olympic, brought more attention to Sun Yunyi.

"As a glass craftsman, I am very pleased and excited to get this honor. This is the highest recognition of our craftsman. At the same time, it also gave me a lot of motivation to urge me to continue to work hard and create more in line with today's society aesthetics. The artwork. "Many honors added, and Sun Yunyi always maintained a simple heart of a furnace." Only by the hot feeling of the whole fire and the heavy glazing materials on my hand can make me down -to -earth and peace. "

Resurrection "chicken oil yellow"

Boshan's "chicken oil yellow" glazed glamorous and crystal clear, warm and dignified, after polishing, it seemed to be infiltrated by butter, and it is bright; Because of its color and oily like chicken oil in the hen's belly, it is given a "chicken oil yellow" by the image.

This expensive material, rising in the early Ming Dynasty, was rich in Qianlong years, and has a history of more than 500 years. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the Glass Factory of the Palace Office invited Boshan craftsmen to produce this kind of glazed material. In ancient China, the color of Huang was the supreme color and was dedicated to the royal family. Therefore, the "chicken oil yellow" products of the Ming and Qing dynasties were only used by the royal family.

For a long time, the raw material formula is the core technology and secret of determining the final finished product rate of "chicken oil and yellow" Liuli. Because the "chicken oil yellow" Liuli can only be enjoyed as the royal family as the royal family. In the history of hundreds of years of firing history, there has been no mature and stable formula, which has become a problem that plagues the glazed craftsmen.

据记载，“博山名贵琉璃料器'鸡油黄'，石以为质，硝以和之，礁以锻之，铜铁、丹铅以比变之，非石不成，非硝不行，非铜Iron and Dan lead is not fine. "

"Most of the recipes are written in the amount of white material and ash. The problem is that there are many types of white and gray ingredients. As for what components they each, it is not clear." There is no accurate formula or successful experience, and the development is almost from scratch.

There is a saying in the furnace industry that "chicken oil yellow" glazed "ten -cylinder nine", which means manufacturing ten times, nine failures. Many people are giving home in order to make a pure "chicken oil yellow" glazed.

"The requirements for making 'chicken oil yellow' are very high, and the materials and heat must be just right. Even if it is windy and rainy, it will be affected. The color is slightly deviated, or a trace of bubbles must be resolutely destroyed to ensure quality.

Since the 1990s, the Sun family has been committed to the research of "chicken oil yellow" glazed research. Sun Yunyi and his father used only two cylinders for three or four months to use two cylinders "like that". The family was almost next to the kiln. After more than ten years of repeated experiments, the "chicken oil yellow" was finally resurrected in 2007.

On the basis of the research results of her parents, Sun Yunyi has been continuously improved from the aspects of materials, technology, technology, and instrumental design. The system has improved the technology and formula of "chicken oil yellow". And the innocence of product color. After the attempts and efforts of the Sun family for generations, the "chicken oil yellow" Liuli finally regained the new life in Sun Yunyi's hands. According to scholars of the Palace Museum, in fact, the quality of the material has exceeded the "chicken oil yellow" material in the Qing Palace's construction office, which can be called "contemporary imperial yellow".

In the exhibition hall of the Zibo Kanggan Liuli Art Museum, the reporter picked up a "chicken oil yellow" snuff pot. These "chicken oil and yellow" works that are almost equivalent to gold are condensed with the unremitting research and exploration of several generations of glazed craftsmen.

In 2012, Sun Yunyi registered the "chicken oil yellow" as a trademark and successfully applied for a national invention patent in the following year. In 2015, his work was selected as the long -term furnishing and displayed cultural and creative boutique projects of Baoyun Building of the Palace Museum, which was widely praised.

"Chicken Liver Stone" in waste materials

There is a saying in the Boshan furnace, "I have nothing to do with it, and the small furnace craftsmanship is the pig's head." But for Sun Yunyi, it is his pursuit to improve the aesthetic value of glazed art to a new height.

When the reporter asked Sun Yunyi's most satisfactory work, he admitted that in fact, each work had regrets and there was room for progress. "Only by continuous innovation and pursuing perfection can we maintain the vigorous vitality of art."

In the ingredient warehouse, a name, an enamel tank, and a dozen woven bags, Sun Yunyi is precise ingredients for "chicken oil yellow" glazed glazed. This work can only be done by mastering the core secret recipe. Although the "chicken oil yellow" Liuli formula has been successfully resurrected, Sun Yunyi's continuous innovation has not stopped.

In order to improve the quality and finished product rate of "chicken oil", he made more scientific and accurate ratio of more than ten kinds of raw materials, accurately measure the furnace temperature, molding time, etc., and strive to make the traditional material and moisturizing degrees more up to more. The first floor.

In 2015, Sun Yunyi discovered that the "chicken oil yellow" glazed product continued to burst. Considering that it might be an operating problem, he improved the temperature decreasing furnace and adjusted the temperature, but the problem was still. Where is the problem? Is there a problem with raw materials? Making "chicken oil yellow" requires nearly 20 kinds of raw materials. For a whole month, Sun Yunyi tried it like it. After investing millions of yuan, it was finally discovered that it was a problem with imported raw materials. Finding the crux of the symptoms, the problem is solved.

Sun Yunyi took out a "chicken oil yellow" glazed bowl during the Qing Dynasty. Compared with old pieces, the "chicken oil yellow" glass works produced by Kanggan Liuli are now obviously more pure and bright. "Run Ruyu, condensed as fat, sound like a cricket, and the price is like gold. This is the biggest difference between our 'chicken oil yellow' and other glazed. Because these works are real materials, they are very falling. Hand. "Sun Yunyi told reporters that now they have increased the yield of" chicken oil yellow ", which can basically reach 40 %.

Glass can be used repeatedly, but the glazed materials of "chicken oil yellow" are different. As long as it fails, the material cannot continue to return to the furnace, because the color of the raw materials will deepen, and the color of "chicken oil yellow" glazed products cannot be processed.

It is a pity that these materials are abandoned. Sun Yunyi suddenly wondered and used the failed "chicken oil yellow" to make "chicken liver stone".

"Chicken Liver Stone" is named after its color like chicken liver and patterns. As a simple and elegant opaque dark purple red material, it has thousands of black markings in a large purple -red attitude, some such as ruminities, clouds and shadow marks, some such as ancient wood stones, flowers and flowers, and the fun is full of fun. It is imaginative. The "chicken liver stone" glazed material is most suitable for making elegant utensils. For example, it is a set of packets, which is both a practical product, but also a simple, elegant, elegant case of furnishing artworks. It has always been loved by people at home and abroad.

Sun Yunyi's exclusive development of "chicken oil yellow" abandoned clinker to produce "chicken liver stone" glazed, which not only improves the utilization rate of raw materials, saves costs, but also reduces environmental pollution. The "chicken liver stone" glass produced with this process can form a more natural and elegant line. Because of its "kiln change" characteristics, the pattern cannot predict, each piece is unique, sometimes it is a sea of ​​trouble, sometimes it is, sometimes it is, sometimes it is, sometimes it is. Sometimes the four -riding carriage team is Tengyun's fairy crane ... it can always surprise people. In 2016, the "Boshan Chicken Oil Yellow and Chicken Liver Stone Burning Skills" successfully applied for the intangible cultural heritage of Shandong Province. As a non -genetic inheritance, Sun Yunyi eager to better integrate the traditional inheritance with contemporary innovation. In artistic creation, he adheres to the concept of "paintings must be intentional, meaning auspicious", so that the glazed type is more in line with modern aesthetics, and at the same time, with diverse sculpting skills, add modern elements.

The shape of the glassware in Sun Yunyi's hands is concise and vivid, but the artistic conception is simple and simple. With the deep Chinese painting skills, he moved the landscape, flowers and birds to the glazed, and the bottle body made the quail meaning peace and beauty ... The rich and rich "chicken oil yellow" glazed glazed adding a smart and different vitality.

In recent years, the works of "chicken oil yellow" and "chicken liver stone" created by Sun Yunyi have won gold awards in major exhibitions at home and abroad. The "chicken oil yellow" radish bottle he created was displayed by the Bristol City Museum and Art Museum in 2014; the "chicken liver stone" radish bottle was collected and displayed by the Australian South Australia Art Museum in 2014; "chicken oil yellow" Liuli incense furnace, eight -edge bottle, "chicken liver stone" glazed tea washed in "Chinese Tea Ware Overcoming".

With the climbing of "chicken oil yellow" glazed heat, there are more and more similar products on the market. "'Chicken oil yellow' is not a craft, but a glass art, and cannot blindly pursue economic benefits. If the product quality is good and the price of selling is high, everyone can benefit. I integrate the original intention, persistence and awe into every work." Sun Yunyi said.

Burning the furnace kiln and the stronger and stronger

"Many glazed craftsmen have invested in this industry when they were young. Although the skills are good, innovation is difficult." Sun Yunyi said that now, what should be inherited by traditional skills and what to change is a question that needs to be considered carefully.

"Art cannot be tall and widowed, and it should be developed with the progress of society and the times." Sun Yunyi said that in the next step, they should also take the road of industrialization while doing new products and new skills creation. Seeking change.

Sun Yunyi has designed the development idea of ​​"two steps": first, to enter the high -end, that is, museums, high -level exhibitions and other elegant halls; the other is to enter the market, continuously enhance production capacity, do productive power companies, and get more markets in the market, and get more markets in the market, and get more markets in the market. Implement the ecology of high, medium and low -end products to meet the needs of consumers at all levels.

In his opinion, the ancient symbols represent traditions, and it is fashionable. Now the Liuli practitioners are no longer a traditional furnace craftsman. They should bring the tall concepts into the design and give the traditional cultural connotation a new vitality. In terms of the choice of raw materials, local raw materials should also be selected as much as possible. This cultural connotation from the homeland can allow the unique artistic charm and strong vitality of glass works to stand firm and unique in the world.

In 2017, Sun Yunyi and the Cultural and Creative Center of the Beijing Palace Museum carried out in -depth cooperation. The 3D printing model was provided by the Palace Museum, and Sun Yunyi used the "chicken oil yellow" glazed to imitate. "Chicken oil yellow" comes from the creation office and now returns to the Forbidden City.

"The history of Chinese glazed is not the longest. If you want to go to the world, you must have international cooperation to aim at large companies and form our own corporate glazed enterprises. Our 'hand -made' can go further." Sun Yunyi said.

In 2019, he and Hong Kong Yisi jointly established Zibo Bosi Liuli Products Co., Ltd. (Liuli R & D Center) to develop and expand new products according to market demand, increase the type of product, expand the size of the enterprise, increase employment opportunities, provide the industry with providing the industry with The support of new technologies and materials formulas unified industry standards and quality, formed a concentrated, unified and standardized industrial development model, and pushed Boshan Liuli to the world.

Not long ago, Kanggan Liuli was selected as "Shandong Hand -made · Preferably 100". Sun Yunyi believes that this is a good opportunity. He hopes that the government will take the lead in creating a large platform and open a window in a big city. There will be more discounts. Policy support, producing products representing Shandong's hand -made and national image, which in turn stimulates the accumulation of the glazed industry.

Another important reason for "hand creation" is inseparable from the craftsman. Another important reason for Sun Yunyi's longing for platform construction is to solve the problem of talent shortages that have troubled the Liuli industry for many years. "The work conditions of the furnace bank are difficult, and now the young people are unwilling to eat this bitter." Sun Yunyi said that now the company really works in the kiln between the kiln. To do administrative and sales, the glazed craftsmanship is not connected, and the technique is difficult. He hopes that the glass industry will grow and be able to attract talents with better treatment.

"We have to create a more in line with the characteristics of the times, especially the glazed artworks that young people like to see. In the past, we focused on creating collectibles. In the future, we will create some small glazed crafts for everyone The charm. "Sun Yunyi said.

Based on this, Sun Yunyi has actively cooperated with colleges and universities such as Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Fine Arts, Shanghai Visual Media University, Qilu University of Technology to hold creative design contests to communicate with young people to allow students to participate in Liuli art design; use glazed as material development Graduation souvenirs and other cultural and creative products will further optimize and expand the market and enrich the product system. In order to let more people understand the historical and cultural value of Liuli, Sun Yunyi takes the dissemination of non -heritage culture and promoting traditional glazed culture as its mission, and has led the establishment of the Zibo Kanggan Liuli Art Museum in Boshan Liuli Garden to show the spread of intangible cultural heritage to spread intangible cultural heritage "Chicken Oil Yellow" and "Chicken Liver Stone" glass works, collecting the traditional cultural materials of the folk, more than 1,000 pieces of glass art, including glazed buns, glaze, glazed earrings, etc., which are both daily necessities of civilians. There are also gorgeous jewelry of noble rich households, covering the most distinctive glazed equipment in Zibo during the Yuan, Ming, Qing dynasties and modern times.

Sun Yunyi hopes that in the context of the new era, Liuli can promote the inheritance in innovation, burn the furnace of the furnace, and burn the furnace.

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