Zhou Libo's literary creation during the Anti -Japanese War

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After Zhou Libo joined the Zuo Lian in 1934, he wrote a number of articles in literary theory. After the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, Zhou Libo first went to the front line of North China as a reporter of the battlefield. He also served as a translation of American writer Standle. He wrote many reports of literary works. At the end of 1939, Zhou Libo arrived at Yan'an and served as the director and teacher of the Department of Literature at the Compilation Division of the Lu Xun Academy of Art and Literature. He wrote many influential works.

Carry out literary translation and literary reviews

In the more than ten years after the September 18th Incident, Zhou Libo wrote literary papers such as "The Features of Literature", "The Permanentity of Literature", "How to Read Novels", "Observation", "Typical Characters in Literature". In the article "Typical Characters in Literature", he praised Lu Xun's image created by Lu Xun was the first "great typical" in Chinese new literature. He refuted the thinness of Lu Xun's essays, thinking that Lu Xun's essays and short theories "have a great role in reforming reality". After Lu Xun's death, Zhou Libo published an article "Unsifiable Sadness", praising Lu Xun as "the strongest general of China's anti -sealing and anti -emperor's struggle", deeply mourning Lu Xun's death. In articles such as "The Review of the Chinese Literature World Cultural World in 1935" and "The Creation of Novel Creation 1936", Zhou Libo was to Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ba Jin, Zhang Tianyi, Jin Yiyu, Sha Ting, Aiwu, Aiwu, Aiwu, Ai Wu , Xia Yan, Ouyang Shan, Limi, Qi Tong, Qu Yi, Lu Zei, Jiang Mu Xiao, Xiao Jun, Xiao Hong, Duanmu Liang, Chen Hua Coal, Shu Qun, Song Zhi, Luo Xue, Yao Xueyi, Wang Xiyan, Wu Yanru, Liu Bai Yu and others' works were discussed.

After Zhou Libo joined the Zuo Lian in 1934, he wrote a number of articles in literary theory, such as "National Defense Literature", "Let's also talk about" National Defense Literature "and" National Difficulty Literature "," National Defense Literature "and ethnic groups. "Sexuality", "Very Time Literature Research Program", "How to Make the National Defense Drama Movement Going into the Folk", "A Development of New Literature in China" and so on. He recalled the Zuo Lian in "Pavilion" in 1963: "The" Zuo Lian "is a literary group I love. Lu Xun is its flag bearer; the blood of the five writers such as Hu Year, Rou Shi, Yinfu, etc. Its homepage ... I just want to talk about personal opinions on literary issues. Remember that the publication of Zuo Lian has discussed the popularization of literature and art, but there is no practical conclusion; and about the direction of literature and art, the source of the creation, the writer deeply penetrates the masses’s people’s people’s in -depth masses’s He did not ask for a series of issues such as activities and popularization and improvement. These fundamental issues could not get true and correct solutions until Mao Zedong's "Speech at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium". "(Yue Se: "Lu Yi Man Yi", editor -in -chief of Cheng Yuan: "Yan'an Writer", Shaanxi People's Education Press, 1992)

During this period, Zhou Libo read a large number of foreign literary works in Shanghai. He introduced the literary overview of Japan, Poland, and Spain in newspapers, wrote many judges and commemorative articles, and introduced the Soviet Gorky in my country, Russia, Russia, Tolstoy, Dutchyevski, France Zoran , Barbersi, Roman Roland, Mark Twen, Germany, Germany, Britain Bernard, Irish James James, Spain Camorei, Cuba Reggir Peter Rosa and other well -known writers. His literary thesis involves Balzac, Flaong Bye, Hugo, Russia, Turgeonev, Goghli, Norwegian Iboson, Shakespeare in the United Kingdom, Soviet Fayev, Gelate The works and creative experience of writers such as Koff, Surafimovica and other writers. During Zhou Libo's time in Shanghai, he also translated the novel "Famous Devaruts" of Mark Twansewin, the novel "Kuoming" in Brazil's Lotado, the novel "Make Dormitory" of James James James, Irish, and Russian Pushkin's novel " Dublovsky. Soviet Shawlohov's novel "The Hiroster Land of Horgan", Czech Kichi's report literary collection "Secret China".

In terms of literary criticism, Zhou Libo chooses to play Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Xia Yan, Sha Ting, Ai Wu, Zhang Tianyi, Xiao Jun, Xiao Hong, Shu Qun, Luo Hui, Song Zhi, Chen Huan Coal, Duanmu Liangliang's works. Comment. He pointed out in the article "The Literature Research Program": "'' National Defense Literature 'Awareness' consciousness was recently recently, but its practice has long been. "Right 2", the novels of Li Huiying, Zhang Tianyi and others, the scripts of Bai Wei, Li Jianwu, and the poems of the people of Shi Tieer. . Southern China ’s foreign insults produced the short story in Ai Wu’ s "Night of the South State". "

Zhou Libo pointed out in the literary comprehensive theory of "Review of the Creation of Novels in 1936", including "the life of the guerrillas, the wind and sand outside the stuff, the hardships of the rural North China, the depression of the Yangtze River, the loneliness of the southern country, The suffering of women, the enthusiasm of students to save patriotism, workers' suffering, and the hero's karma of the long -term Western Expedition ", these truly reflect the literary creation of 1936 worthy of praise. For those works that have previously described reality in the past, but now they have written distances that have a distance from the actual changes, Zhou Libo has given euphemistic criticism. It is the most needed to grasp the creation of reality. For example, the realistic authenticity of Shu Qun's "Children Without Motherland", at the same time criticized the erotic description in other works of the writer.

Reporting Anti -Japanese War

After the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, Zhou Libo first went to the front line of North China as a reporter of the battlefield and concurrently served as the translation of American writer Standle. In October and November of the same year, they interviewed the leaders of the Eighth Route Army such as Peng Dehuai twice. Zhou Libo wrote the article "General Peng Dehuai's Anti -Japanese War". At the end of 1937, Zhou Libo was assigned to accompany Captain Ivas Calson, an intelligence officer of the US Marine Corps to visit Jinchaji Border Area. Northeast China, Jinchaji Border Area and the vast areas of Jinbei have visited the Eighth Route Army general Liu Bocheng, Xu Xiangqian, Nie Rongzhen, He Long, Xu Haidong, Chen Yan, Wang Zhen, etc., and heard many motionless traces of the bases of the bases and the enemy who resisted the Japanese army.

At the end of February 1938, Zhou Libo left the southwest of Shan to write in Wuhan. In Wuhan, he sorted out his interview records at the front line of North China and wrote many reports of reporting literary works. Some have published them in newspapers and periodicals. Published at Hankou Reading Life Press and Shanghai Magazine in June. (Hu Guangfan, Li Huasheng: "The Biography of Zhou Libo", "New Literature Historical Materials", No. 1, 1982.)

In early November 1938, Zhou Enlai met with Zhou Libo at the Changsha Office of the Eighth Route Army, sending him and Liao Misha, Ouyang Shan to resume the "Anti -Japanese War Daily". "Anti -Japanese -Japanese Daily" after re -promulgation in Fuling on the eve of New Year's Day in 1939, he tried to propagate the CPC ’s anti -Japanese national rescue policy and unified front front policy, and reproduced important articles such as Mao Zedong’ s “On the New Stage”.

In April 1939, Zhou Enlai went from Guilin to the Eighth Route Army in the Hunan Office and asked Zhou Libo to work in Guilin. Before going to Guilin, Zhou Libo visited all parts of Xiangxi as a reporter from the "Anti -Japanese War Daily" to learn more about the life, customs and historical situations of Miao Min in the west of Hunan. Prose and report literature such as "The Past and Customs of Miao Min in the West of Hunan" and published them in newspapers.

In May 1939, Zhou Libo came to work in Guilin's "Anti -Japanese War Daily". For more than half a year he worked in Guilin, he completed the translation of the book "White Sea Canal" in the collection of the Soviet Union's literature, about 400,000 words.

Talking about "Selection of Masterpieces" to carry out novel creation

At the end of 1939, Zhou Libo arrived at Yan'an and served as the director and teacher of the Department of Literature at the Compilation Division of the Lu Xun Academy of Art and Literature. He taught "selection of famous books", talks about Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Pushkin, Goghiko, Balzak, Sitangda, Mohsan, Merimi, Goli, etc. Realism literature masterpiece. At the same time, it also talks about the socialist realistic literary works of Soviet writers such as Gorky and Fayev, as well as Chinese classical novels such as "Dream of Red Mansions" and "Water Margin".

In order to give a lecture, Zhou Libo wrote hundreds of thousands of words of lecture on the rough Malaysia grass paper and oil light paper. He lectured carefully, and analyzed the writer's works clearly. For example, Tolstoy, who discussed and evaluated the thinker, and Tolstoy, as an artist, he enjoys a high reputation in Lu Yi.

In January 1940, Zhou Libo participated in the first congress of the Salvation Association of the Cultural Circles of the Shaanxi -Gansu -Ningbian District, and was elected as an executive member. Later, he was selected as a director of the Yan'an Branch of the National Arts Association of the National Literary and Art Circles.

On June 6, 1941, Zhou Libo published a short story "Niu" in the Liberation Daily, which was his first novel to write rural life. Since then, he has published five short stories of "Sparrow", "First Night", "Summer Night -A Fragment in the Iron Gate", "Akin's Diseases" and "Memorial". These five novels were published and published in "Iron Gate".

"Bull" is based on the lives and basic contents of the lives of rural cows in Yan'an Rural Cows, 50 miles away. Although the subject matter is very different from the works such as "Sparrow", the artistic characteristics are similar: unique perspectives, clever structures, delicate strokes, and describing and excavation of feelings, emotions, and psychology. They are good at creating atmosphere and artistic conception. Rich lyric.

Zhou Libo believes that when he first arrived in Yan'an, he also had the confusion of literary creation and the difficulty of being familiar with the language of northern Shaanxi. He created "Bull" and "Sparrow". Although the perspective and exquisite ideas, because they are not familiar with the new farmers and rural life after the land revolution, they can only write what they have experienced in the past. "Someone wants me to write the countryside , I can only write about the cattle of Mavericks, and I can't write about the moving production movements, salt transportation and Na Gong food ";" psychologically, emphasizing the difficulty of language, thinking that only northern talents are suitable for writing In the north, because they know the language most here. A southerner comes to show the life here. The first thing that encounters is the difficulty of language. This is a fact, but this difficulty can be overcome, as long as it can work hard. The difficulty of exaggerating the language is the difficulty of language. The excuse of being lazy. "

After Zhou Libo's novel "Sparrow" was published, the writer Xuewei believed: "The attractiveness of" Sparrow "is not in his character (because there is no description of the character's character here), but the strong lyrical of the writer given to this story The atmosphere and delicate expression of the wrist. The author is indeed "good at lyric". "

After participating in the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium and Yan'an's rectification, Zhou Libo summarized himself before the rectification "read many western classical works, unknowingly confused these things", and "ignore the content reflected by classical works.The reality of the struggle of the workers, peasants and soldiers in front of the world. "At that time, he "also had reached the countryside of Yan'an, but did not make a piece with farmers, and did not understand and unfamiliar with the language, life and labor of farmers."Through the rectification of Yan'an, he deeply realized that the severity of this tendency to be separated from reality and from the masses, and made up his mind to go into the workers, peasants and soldiers in a long run, "continuously transform himself in the fiery struggle, enrich himself and enrichImprove yourself ".In the later period of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Zhou Libo wrote comments such as "The Artistic of Yangge" and other comments, reporting the literature "Night Invisibility", and reporting the literary collection "Southern" and "Miles of Miles".(Li Zhongming, author unit: Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

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