Statium | Community is the future trend of the museum

Author: Dr. Shenshen Central Academy of Fine Arts, Deputy Director of the Research Center of the New Fine Arts Museum of Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, and editor -in -chief of the "New Art Museum" research document enforcement editor -in -chief

On August 20, the 26th International Museum Association Conference opened in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. One of the main agenda of the meeting was to discuss the definition of new museums. ICOM's official website said that the new definition of the museum is: "non -profit -oriented institutions serving the society, it studies, collects, protects, interprets, and display substances and intangible heritage. Promote diversity and sustainability. The museum provides operations and exchanges in a moral and professional way, and provides a variety of experiences for education, appreciation, deep thoughts, and knowledge sharing under the community. "Compared with the revised 2007 revised in 2007 The museum defines that "community" is a new keyword in this proposal. It directly reflects the evolution of the external development environment of the contemporary museum. It also reveals to a certain extent. Related hot issues and future trends.

The museum's gradual clarity of self -knowledge

The fundamental logic of museum definitions is to dynamically and dialectically understand the value principles, reality, and essential needs of continuous evolution in the professional construction of the museum. The International Museum Association first defined the term "Museum" in the early days of its establishment in 1946, pointing out that the museum is an institution that opens all arts, technology, science, and history to the public. And in 1951, 1961, and 1974, this statement was made major modifications: in 1956, the museum was emphasized that the museum "for preservation, research, and improvement", and in 1969, the museum was clear The permanent institutions of collections "", in 1974, mentioned that the museum was "serving the society and its development". This definition has been used to this day, and only has been adjusted slightly for many years. The latest museum definition this year refers to tolerance, sustainability, and community participation. The objects promised to connect with the community, which is more in line with some important changes in the role of the 21st Century Museum.

This definition not only indicates the general trend and prospects of the current global museum business, but also will inevitably provide new guidelines and long -term impacts for the discipline construction, actual operations and institutional systems of the museum. The International Museum Association elaborates the term "museum", from the initial clarification of the composition of the museum, to the logical combing of the organizational form and professional construction, and then to emphasize the characteristics of the development of the museum service in society and community. Focusing on the changes in social, political, and economic environment, its professional functions are also increasingly refined and improved. This also illustrates the gradual clarity of the museum's self -knowledge.

"Community" consciousness has a long history

In fact, the intention of "focusing on community development" has always been the factor of the construction of the museum's theoretical thinking. As early as the 1960s and 1970s, changes in education and research have prompted cultural institutions such as museums and art galleries Come out and turn to the cultivation of public awareness of society and the public. Since then, the practice and discourse of the new museums have continued this vision of breaking the "old" "new", and advocating the continuous view of the practical application of the museum discipline, and theoretical and systematicization. Among them, the European Museum's museum learning is more intense and clearly proposed that the museum should act as a forum discussion on local community issues on the basis of stimulating the value of the local cultural value, in order to drive the institution to fulfill social responsibility, such as enriching public education models and promotion Community exhibition projects, direct community issues with residents, allowing community to intervene in art activities, etc., especially emphasize the cooperation between non -professionals and organizations such as community residents and organizations in the third world countries, such as institutions and governments, such as decision -making and action. Highlight the importance of citizens as "participants" and popular education.

In the discussion of the San Diego round table in 1972, in the discussion of Latin America South America cities and rural areas, the San Diego Declaration proposed the possibility of museums to become "dynamic tools for social reforms" and discussed how the museum should extend the relationship between human and cultural heritage. Involved in human nature and social environment, and jointly solve the problem of urban communities. Correspondingly, the new post -modern museum forms such as NeighbourHood Museum and Ecomuseology have gradually appeared. Although they have been criticized by some scholars, they have not been able to overcome the neglect and bias of the minority culture, but this is still the tradition. The subversion of the museum method is the decentralization of museum power, and it is also a milestone experiment that the museum combined with interdisciplinary methods. This trend of thought has continued to this day, making "community participation" a key issue that the art and culture institutions of different countries and different historical backgrounds worldwide, and also prompted many museums and art museums to integrate regional unique geography, history and Cultural factors build a sustainable development model through participating actions.

The common growth of museums, art museums and community forces

The concept of the "community" has become more important today. Its fundamental context is the connection between people and society, which means that the public has been generally considered to be the creator or common owner of the community. Therefore, if the contemporary museum seeks To make progress, we need to abandon their role as a "absolute authority", treat members of the community as the core force of regional development, and actively accommodate and communicate the community demand expressed by the public in the curatorial and public education work. This is not just about how museums serve the community, but the purpose of continuously exploring what resources, knowledge, and interests of the community can provide the latest information that keeps pace with the times and fits reality. In addition, how museums and communities share their advantages in two -way cooperation and maximize the use of resources is a process that needs to be gradually accumulated. The current primary stage is to consolidate trust and establish a sense of belonging. At present, domestic community art is in a vigorous growth state. Both official institutions and civil organizations have made many art interventional communities attempts to activate community governance and urban development by constructing participation situations. The artistic practice produced between institutions and communities can be roughly divided into three categories. One is more common. The arts organized by official art institutions enter the community public education activities; second, museums and art museums intervene in the community to complete public art projects together The third is to establish a community art museum and community museum. Among these three, the degree of autonomy of the public participation and expression of demands has been shallow and deep, which has accumulated a lot of samples for the cultural value of art and cities and communities today. In Shenzhen, institutions such as He Xiangning Art Museum, Shenzhen OCT Contemporary Art Center, Pingshan Art Museum, and Maritime World Culture and Art Center have also tried to replace the conventional exhibition production model with continuous, processes, public participation projects, and use collaborative work peace equality. Dialogue to pay attention to the urbanization process of the Pearl River Delta. In these practices with local context and historical memory, museums, artists, and the public join the cycle of collaborative cooperation, providing new thinking and thinking about the development of local cultural and artistic development and vitality.

In addition, museums and art museums should be based on the public service system of the city, and try to carry out more active community participation strategies and artistic actions based on community residents and social issues. The public understands the enthusiasm of local traditions and historical and cultural, and can also provide a richer way to work in public education in museums and communities. Today, "Museum is a public social service agency" has become the consensus of the museum people. How to further enhance the openness and transparency of the institution, accommodate more social voices, and use practical actions to integrate regional resources, collaborate social forces, and realize the expansion of space and functions. This is a key issue that needs to be considered in the next new stage. Essence

Source | Jingbao APP

Edit: Chen Jianguo

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