From "Menghua Record" to "Canglan Decision", why do the hostess love it?This small object, Song Huizong once took the lead in creating ｜ Share before bedtime

From "Menghua Record" to "Canglan Decision"

In recent years

Exquisite and elegant group fan

It seems that the "standard" of actresses in ancient film and television dramas

So

Does the ancient beauty really like to get a group fan?

From ancient times to the present

What are the changes in the production process of the group fan?

What kind of oriental aesthetic is behind it?

As early as the Han Dynasty, it was all the rage

my country has been reputable since ancient times. The earliest record about the fan was the "five Ming fans" of the Emperor Shun. This fan is shaped like "子". It is made of plant leaves or poultry feathers. It is used as a "barrier fan" for the wind and the wind. It is generally a long handle.

In the Yin and Shang dynasties, the fan became a symbol of identity level. At that time, the fan system was very clear: the eight fans of the emperor, the six princes, the four doctors, and the two scholars. However, with the development of productive forces, the rise of poultry breeding industry, many people have also begun to use feather fans to cool down.

During the Warring States Period, the prototype of the group fan- "noodles", shaped like semi -regulations, also known as "household fan". The earliest bamboo cricket was made. At that time, the "noodle noodle" was a single fan, and the fan handle was located on the side of the fan. It was not convenient to use it. Therefore, people changed the fan handle to the middle, symmetrical on both sides of the fan surface, and gradually evolved into oval and round fan.

In the Han Dynasty, the silk weaving industry began to develop, and the fan surface was switched to white and fine silk, as well as 绫, Luo, and Saisha. The white fan surface and the round shape were "obvious as a group month". Therefore, people at that time called it "group fan", also known as "fans" or "silk fan".

According to Sima Qian's description in "Historical Records", the types of fans in the Han Dynasty were very rich, including Luo Fan, Silk Fan, Renewal Fan, Bigan Fan, Cicada Wing Fan, etc. User.

After that, the group fan also "evolved" a new version.

It turns out that although the group fan is beautiful, it is not convenient to storage and carry. As a result, a "waist fan" that can be placed in the waist and opened after it is folded.

The earliest record about the waist fan was found in "Nan Qishu · Liu Xiang Chuan" during the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties: "Situ Chu Yuan entered the DPRK, and the waist fan is obstacle." "Fan." The "waist fan" statement comes from this, and it is named after its convenience roll comfort.

Song Huizong took the lead in drawing a fan surface

Most of today's group fans are rich in shape and elegant patterns. In fact, this is also developed with the richness of people's understanding.

The Han Dynasty admired the white and elegant group fan. The concubine of the Emperor Han Cheng wrote in "Resentment Song": "New cracks are 纨 纨, fresh as frost and snow. Shake the breeze. "The" 素 动 "here is a group fan without any decoration, which is very in line with the concept of" purity, letting it go ".

After the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties, with people's understanding of nature, with the bionic consciousness of "taking the body nearby and taking away all things", the shape of the group fan has evolved into a multi -angle and multilateral fan design, such as ellipse, hexagonal, plum blossoms,, plum blossoms,,, plum blossoms,,, plum blossoms,,,, plum blossoms,,, The shapes of sycamore, banana and other shapes.

During this period, poetry paintings began to be popular on the fan surface. "Qi Shu" said that in the Southern Dynasties, some people "on the fan on the fan, and within a short period of time to see the thousands of miles." This is the earlier landscape fan recorded in the literature.

Smoke Xuelin Jugu Page Xia Gui

At that time, the Minister of Gongtong and the concubine of the harem did not hesitate to buy novel silk group fans on heavy funds. The group fan became the representative of the extravagant wind. So that Emperor Xiaowu Emperor Eastern Eastern was issued a decree for the fan to prohibit the circulation of folk silk fans.

Until the Tang Dynasty, the form of the fan fans became increasingly abundant, and fine gold, snow gold, towels, buns, alum noodles, mud gold noodles, etc. appeared. At the end of the Tang Dynasty and the early Song Dynasty, the embroidery technology continued to develop and began to be applied to the fan surface of the group fan.

In the Song Dynasty, the painting and calligraphy regiments were all the rage, and the creation level of fan painting reached its peak. Song Huizong also took the lead in creating a fan, of which the fan surface of "Mountain Birds" has been circulating to this day. According to records, under the leadership of Song Huizong, the famous artists of the world studied pen and ink, operating a fan, and the scene was a big view.

Loquat Mountain Bird Figure Zhao Yan

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the group fans were loved by the royal family and the literati. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the craftsmen combined the three craftsmanship of silk, embroidery and painting, to enrich and improve the artistic expression of the group fan, strengthened the decorative effect and three -dimensional texture of the fabric, and the development of the group fan ushered in a new peak.

Handmade silk group fan

Poetry and painting, enter the drama and dance

Initially, the main function of the group fan was to cool down the summer, but then, with the development of the fan production process, the short -handed group fan became more and more delicate, showing a friendly and elegant temperament. Its functions gradually have personal decorative meaning, which has evolved into a kind of type. Drives the elegance of etiquette and beauty.

"The beautiful lady smiled and covered Zhu's lips, and the talents gently shook their hands to climb the moon" vividly depicting the different role of the group fan played in different people. Women generally use it to cover the face and reflect the beauty of implicit, while the man shaking the fan is likely to climb the moon with his hands, which contains the meaning of folding Guiden.

"Do you know if it should be green fat and red and thin" stills

After the Tang Dynasty, the group fans were very popular. Regardless of whether the officials were expensive or folk women, or literati scholars, they would use group fans. There were a lot of descriptions of the group fan in literary works.

Li Bai wrote in "The Song of Zhongshan Xunzi": "Furong Lao Qiu Shuang, Tuan Fan shame the dust." Bai Juyi's "After the Rain Autumn" said: "After the night comes to the autumn rain, the autumn is new. The body. "Mrs. Hua Rui wrote in the" Palace Words ":" The palace shakes the fans at noon, and the palace girl comes to the jade seat. "The fan fan became an important image of the poet's borrowing of people and entanglement. Practice (partial)

In the Tang Dynasty figure paintings, the group fan also played an important role in setting off, some as the emperor's "palm fan", the concubine's "barrier", and some as a lady's posture to show sadness and loneliness. In the paintings such as "Practicing Pictures", "Flower Flowers Lady Pictures", "Han Xizai Night Banquet Pictures", "Fan Fan Lady Map", there are more images of oriental women with hand -held group fans in the paintings.

During the two Song Dynasty, the group fans further civilianization and commodity. In the Song Ci, there were more than 100 words and phrases of the Tuan Fan alone. For example, Su Shi wrote in "Groom He": "Hands to make a raw white fan, and the fan is like jade for a while. He is getting trapped and slept alone." Dark. Holding the deep palace, the fan fans are unsatisfactory. "A group fan gave infinite feelings by people.

In the Ming Dynasty, in the paintings of literati ladies, the artistic image of the ladies appeared in large numbers. Wen Zhengming's "Mrs. Xiang Junxiang" and Tang Yin's "Autumn Wind Fan Map" are one of the representatives.

In addition, the use of Tuan Fan in drama and dance performances is also widely used. In ancient China, Fan Dance was applied to dance and dance, and Tuan Fan became a performance -sex dance props. The application of its drama props is mainly after the drama "Peach Blossom Fan".

Throughout the ages, the group fan has continuously enriched its own aesthetic implication in changes, development and integration. Perhaps, it is the all -encompassing beauty of the group fan that has achieved its endless oriental beauty.

The original manuscript of Jiefang Daily · Shangguan News, reprinting without permission

Author: Xiao Yawen

WeChat Editor: Kaisin School Division: Xiaochuan

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