The previous life of the Chinese translation of "Miao Fa Lianhua Sutra"

"Miao Lian Hua Jing", also known as the "Fahua Sutra", is one of the most important Mahayana classics in Buddhism. It is known as the "head of the classics and the king of the classics". "The entity", the influence of Buddhism, especially Chinese and Chinese Buddhism is extremely far -reaching.

At the beginning of the "Fahua Sutra", it was welcomed by many monks and disciples. With the emergence of various translations, it has formed a wave from Wei, Jin to Sui and Tang dynasties for hundreds of years. Only in this way, the "Fahua Sutra" has also become the first sect of Chinese Buddhism -the Scriptures of the Tiantai Sect.

In recent years, with the implementation of the party and state religious policies, Han Buddhism has gradually become prosperous, especially among young monks, a number of mages of "Fahua" have appeared, such as:

Master Zong Shun, a graduate instructor of the Chinese Buddhist Academy, Master of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, Master of Putuo Shanlixian, Zhejiang, Master of Putuo Mountain, Zhejiang, Master of Zhejiang Yuewu, and Master of Shanghai Zhongguan. Including the last school, although the virtue is thin and shallow, it has been talking about Fahua. It can be said that: by preaching the "Fahua Sutra", the opportunity of revival Mahayana has formed in Han Dynasty.

It is worth noting that there are Tibetan Greater virtue Kanshada, according to the Tibetan version of "Miao Lian Hua Jing", in contrast to the preliminaries of "Timing Miao Dharma Lotus Sutra", Roshben's "Magic Lotus Lotus Sutra" re -re -re -re -re -re -re -re -re -re -re -re -re -the "Timing Magic Fa Lianhua Sutra". Calling costs and lectures.

Kangbu's "Fahua", which is a great career, admired very much! And "Fahua" is not a scripture. Except for the rooftop in history, the rest of the people have their own explanations of "Fahua", such as the Master of the Three Lunari Masters "Fahua Yishu" and the Fa Xiangzong peeping foundation. Master "Fahua Xuanzan" and so on. But at the end of the school, I was fortunate to read Kanbu's "Fahua Scripture" and the textual version of the scriptures. Originally, according to the influence of Khabu and the great sorrow, as the last junior of Buddhism, the questioning was like shaking the trees and not self -measure, but the issue of the "Fahua" was related to the source of the source and the four wisdom life. Essence

In fact, before writing this article, the interval between me and Sonbu had a round of quiz, especially after WeChat was issued last night, there were a lot of messages through various channels, but there were several views:

1. Kangbu great compassion, affecting all over and abroad, what are you counting? What are the qualifications to ask?

2. There is no good result to attack the virtue of promoting "Fahua";

3. You have no ability to talk about "Fahua", and no one listens to it. This is jealousy, which is a typical mix of shit stick!

4. Kangbu said when he answered you: "The debate is fine, but some views will expose their wisdom in lack." This sentence has already told you, think about it yourself, don't keep your own effort.

If you are all kinds of, I personally understand it. After all, Kangbu's influence is there. As disciples, the nurses are taken for granted, and I do n’t hide all that before this matter, I can also count half a pink! Even so, I am still very respectful to Kangbu.

Therefore, I also need to reiterate my point again:

1. From beginning to end, I am not attacking or stopping Khauba from talking about "Fahua". This scripture is not a person. It is a scripture of all sentient beings who can attribute all beings to the Buddha. With the great influence such as Kangbu, I would like to talk about Fahua. I waited for my joy to re -determine the law, and in accordance with the lectures, seals, and circulation, and related to the lifeblood of the Dharma, I have the responsibility to ask questions;

2. As for Khabu's online course, the statement of "reviving the Mahayana Eight Sect", let alone the eight sects. Even if Kansu wants to unify the south of Han Tibet, I have no opinion. This is the wish of everyone. What the ancestors could not do in the past did not mean that it could not. But since the public talks, it is always possible to ask questions? And asking questions, Kanbu, as positive and reasonable, not only favorable to the flow of Fahua, but also promoting sectarian exchanges. Why not?

3. Since Kuobu reiterates the "Fahua" in accordance with Kumorosh's "Fahua", then according to the Roche translation, the Roche 7 volumes and 28 items circulating in the Han Dynasty now have been recognized and spread by the Chinese ancestors. The molding version; if Kanbu believes that Master Roche is not perfect, and according to the Tibetan version, then please organize the virtues of the Buddhist college in accordance with the rules of the translation of the scriptures in ancient times to Tibetan Chinese translation together. Of course, the source flow, translator, etc. of Tibetan also have to be clear that Kumorosh has not directly translated the Tibetan law. It is passed to Tibet, and now it is translated into Hanben. There is no problem, and you can also look at it; if Kangbu feels that "Tim Fahua" is more reasonable than Rocos Ben, in fact, there are such ancestors in history. Use "Taming"; neither Rosh's original version, nor belonging to Tibetan, nor "Tim Pin", but based on the Roche version, each of which is compared, and finally determines the deletion. The name of Kumorosh, Kansu, also made a preface for him. The wisdom of the end is limited. Here, you can only understand that this is a collection of books! And in this method, the simplified converting Chinese characters, punctuation symbols, etc. are not rigorous. Isn't it the original intention or the temporary work?

4. At the beginning of the "Fahua", Kangbu said that he put "Guardian Products" as the last product according to Tibetan. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Master Jaeji thought so, but Master Tiantai Zong Jingxi also proposed in the "French Chinese Sentence" to demonstrate the rationality Essence At the first lecture, Kangbu said that by studying "Fahua" to drive everyone to Hongtai, but Fa Ben did not determine by the ancestor of the rooftop. (The issue of "Tired of the Products", I will detail another article.) 5. At present, I only listed the relevant facts for reference on the issue of the version.

1. What are the translations of the first transmission of "Fahua"?

According to the Chinese translations of the Fahua Sutra, according to the sixth, the original is six:

1. "Fahua San Mei Jing", Wu Zhijiangliang took the translation

2. "Sa Yun Fen Tuo Scriptures", the translation of Zhufa in the Western Jin Dynasty

3. "Fa -Dafa Hua Jing", the translation of Zhu Fa in the Western Jin Dynasty

4. "Fang et al."

5. "Miao Lian Hua Jing", translated by Yao Qin Kumorosh

6. "Tiandou Miao Dharma Lotus Sutra" Sui Shi Na Na Na Na Duo and Duo Duo translated

The above six records are from "Kaiyuan Interpretation Records", but the preserved there are three of them:

"Those who have a lot of Lotus Hua Sutra, and the foundation of the Buddhas to descend the spirit. In the summer, the other thousand years. The Bodhisattva Zhu Fa Guardian, who was at the beginning of this scripture, was named in Fa -rectification. In the middle of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the middle of the Emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Qin Hongshi, the turtlezhamumooshos, the second scripture, the famous Fa Lianhua. Sui Renshou, Daxing, Daxing Shan Temple, Beitianzhu Sandimena, Duo Duo, and later, the same name is the magic of the same name. The three classics are heavy, and the tenets are mutually distinguished. Stream. With the narrative calendar, it is not described. "

——Tang Daoxuan "Fahua Scriptures. Hong Zhuan Preface"

This text, from the lawyer of Daoxuan in the Tang Dynasty, explained in detail the three Chinese translations and the eventually unanimously recognized Rosh's "Fahua". Among them, although there are only eight words in the "Three Classics and the Temples of the Classics", it summarizes the interpretation and comparative process of the "Fahua Sutra" from the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang dynasties. It is worth mentioning that in ancient times, the translation of the scriptures was not as simple as we thought today. A translation field is usually composed of the main virtue, the Dade of the Daidi and the translation of the translation of the translation of the main translation. Which person can check the information by himself, you can complete the translation. Moreover, the translated law book also experienced a wide range of discussions from all walks of life (including the monks and emperors of the contemporary and later generations). It can be said that the translation of Master Roche can be recognized and streaming by everyone. It is truly tested through all aspects of the law, time, and facts.

2. Where is the same difference between the three books?

So what are the differences between the three books? I have never studied literature and never studied in detail, but fortunately, there are many people doing research in this regard, and the research results are also considerable. For example, Mr. Fang Guangzheng once wrote "The" Miao Fa Lianhua Sutra in Dunhuang's Lesses "and About the Literature, Mr. Shi Guiling has made "About Sanskrit Writing" Fahua Scriptures ", Mr. Yutuhua once made" Several Issues on the "Fahua Scriptures" ... This does not include Japan in recent years Some research results of Buddhism and Korean Buddhism.

Among the three books, Zhu Fahu's "Fa -Dafa Scriptures" and Rosh's "Lianlian Hua Jing" have the largest access. According to Mr. Fang's research, the specific manifestations are:

1. The fifth group of the "herbal and metaphor" of the "Fa -Dafa Hua Jing" is composed of two groups of leaders and the composition. The same product of the "Magic Fahua Sutra" is the first group of leaders and prisoners, and the lack of one group. See "Dazheng Tibetan", Volume 9, 19 lines on page 85 to 176 lines 17.

2. The first part of the "Five Hundred Disciples" in the "Fa -Dharma Hua Jing" has a long line and a repeat, which is the instructor to bring people into Hai Caibao. It can be seen that "Dazheng Tibetan", Volume 9, Page 94 Line 11 to Page 95 Line 28. However, there is no such content in the corresponding "Five Hundred Disciples" corresponding to the "Fantastic Fahua Sutra".

3. The "Medicine King Ru Lai Pin" in the "Fa -Dharma Hua Jing" is composed of three groups of chiefs and re -praise. See "Dazheng Tibetan", Volume 9, Page 99 Line 25 to Page 100 Line 13.

4. The "Fa -Dafa" is the content of the Buddha's Titidado in the 11th middle school of "Seven Pagoda". Row. The corresponding "See Pagoda" in the "Magic Fahua Sutra" does not have this content.

5. The Fa -rectification Hua Jing uses "Turnive Products" as the twenty -seventh product, and is placed at the end of the whole classics; the "Fahua Hua Jing" uses "Guardian" as the 22nd product and placed in the scriptures. In the middle of the text.

"Fa -Dafa" has been translated first, and the "Miao Dharma Lotus Sutra" is later translated, but "Miao Dharma Hua Jing" is much more missed than "Fa Fa Hua", but it is recognized by everyone. The author believes that there are two reasons:

1. The two are different from the Sanskrit. "Test the second translation, it is not one copy. It is like the leaves of Doro, which looks like the turtle. "Yun Tong."

—— "Tiandou Miao Fa Lianhua Scriptures"

In other words, the reason why there is such a big difference is mainly due to the different Sanskrits that the two are dependent. It refers to the Sanskrit that depends on the Turtle of the "Miao Dharma Lotus Sutra". According to research, modern people have more than 40 types of Sanskrit and Han version. Sanskrits are different and different translations. This can also be understood; 2. Roche's translation style. It is said that after the translation of "Fa -rectification", although there are many people who have learned, the general feeling is: "The translator is obsessed with his virtuality, the spiritual Guan Mo Zhi or Qiqi, the discusor is obsessed with the quasi, and it is rare. "

- Seng Rui "Miao Fa Lian Hua Hua Hui"

In other words, because the translation of the text is astringent, the person who speaks can not grasp the focus, and the people who listen to it are even more unknown. When General Yao Song, when he read the Fa -rectification, "Every time he found his text, he knew the translator's loss", so he invited Master Kumorosh to re -translate and preach the "Miao Lian Hua Jing". Master Kumorosh's translation of the scriptures is not only rigorous, but also created a precedent of translation and translation. In order to make the Buddhist scriptures be widely circulated, he used the translation of Diyi so that the recitation of the Buddhist scriptures can easily understand and accept it, but what brings is the loss of the original scripture sentence. For example, Zhu Faju's "Fa -Dafa" includes: "Volkswagen Sitting, Nudu to see the world", and Roche translated as: "Looking at the world, not temporarily giving up." In this way, although the words are cut, they can be beautiful and righteous. So when people say: "The new text is the old and the old, the righteousness is round, the hearts are pleasant, and they are praised."

- Liang. Huijiao "Biography of Monk"

Because of the different Sanskrits, because Master Roche pays more attention to the translation style of the translation, coupled with many doubts in the process of spreading the French Ben (for example, some people think that in the current 7 volumes and 28 Pinro Shuman, "Tip Dadoto The prosecutions of "Pin" and "Pumen Pin" are added by future generations, but the disciple of Roosh's disciple Sang Rui explicitly said that Rosh had 28 items in the "Fa Lian Hua Hui Hua Hui Hua Hui Hua Hui Hua Hua Jing". The problem, everyone began to pay attention to it. In the first year of Sui Renshou, Two Masters, Rise and Duo Duo, based on the Sanskrit version of India and on the basis of the translation of Kumorosh's translation "Miao Fa Lianhua Sutra", re -school and translated the part of Rosh. , Make up for it, borrowing Mr. Fang's research, mainly reflected in:

1. Translated the content of Roche's absence from the Sanskrit text "Herbal Metaphor" and make up for it.

2. The content of Tidado, which has been separated alone, still attributes to the "see Pagoda" in accordance with the structure of Sanskrit.

3. In the order of Sanskrit text, change "Dharani" to the 21st product, and put it in "Rulai Shinli".

4. Change the "Tiring Products" to the 27th product, according to the order of Sanskrit, put it at the end of the passage.

This method is called: "Tiandou Miao Lian Hua Jing" is generally referred to as the "Timing Fahua Sutra", but there is actually only 7 volumes and 27 items. Mr. Fang Guangzheng believes that although everyone now calls "Timing Miao Fa Lian Hua Jing", two people have been completed by Rising and Duo Duo, but in fact, the author of the unknown "Tiandou Miao Lianhua Sutra" should be added. Suspicious or Yan Yan.

Compared with the "Miao Dharma Lianhua Sutra", "Tim Pinfa", except for changes in the structure, slightly added some content, which is not much different. It can be seen that "Tim Fahua" is the revised version of "Miao Lianhua Sutra". If the translator is to be added, the author thinks that from here, the name of Master Kumorosh should also be added.

This also means that the virtues such as Kansu are likely to have done a thing to draw a snake after 1500 years. Kanbu's several changes mentioned in the preface of the "Magic Lotus Sutra" he said. "Tim Pin". If there is a problem with Master Roche, in the Sui Dynasty, a ancestor had already made up for the school according to Sanskrit! Like the ancestor of the Han dynasty, did it not recognize the "Tim Fahua" of the two translators of Rising and Duoduo? Then if the Roche version is recognized, why should we re -school in accordance with Tibetan and "Tim Pin" and "Fa -rectification"?

Another: Kambu's Tibetan book, I do n’t know where to pass in, whether it is introduced in Rush or Sanskrit, and I hope to take this opportunity to ask for advice.

However, history is sometimes very interesting. On the surface, "Tiandou Fahua" is more complete and reasonable than the Roosh's version of "The Lotus Sutra". Yes, it is precisely the method of Kumorosh. What is the reason? From the end of a monk, it is said that because Rosh is more in line with the quantity of the sacrament, I am afraid that it is not in line with the rigorous attitude of scholars' academic academics.

In the end, I sincerely hope that I will ask Kanbu's opportunity to ask Khabu to promote everyone to re -understand the "Miao Dharma Lotus Sutra".

Author: Shuti

Transfer: Railway Micro Collection

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