Knowing the relationship between the authentic book 04-Tang Dynasty positive characters and seriousness, the influence of "Five Classics" on the regular script

L9-04 Know the true book 4

2.4 proceduralization of regular script

The so -called "programmatic" refers to doing things in accordance with the fixed procedures. For example, you sit on the assembly line of the factory, and a workpiece passes to you. Your task is to insert an extra part. Yes, it is passed to the next one after insertion. In this sense, you have become a part of a machine, and your movements are specified, which is programmatic.

As mentioned in the previous lessons, the formation of regular script has three forces to promote, and the role of calligraphers and folk writing has been talked about. Today, we will talk about the role of the government. Why does the government intervene in the development of fonts? The original intention is good. The government must unify the text to facilitate communication.

From the emergence of the Han and Wei regular script to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, or even the Sui and Tang dynasties, the alien characters of regular script are abound. The regular script is a new font. The initial writing is not determined, and the shapes are different. The above lessons are written as an example, or the paintings are used at will, or the positions are moved at will. Here the five characters are commonly used, but it is inconvenient to read. As Qi Gong said, "Lian is still prosperous, and its use is simple, so the six dynasties are different, weird and complicated. The first name.

spirit

Since the Qing Dynasty, the study of the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties has become a major. Taking Qin Gong's "New Words of Benefits" as an example, there are so many different writing of the word "Ling". This is only engraved on the monument. Fascodes in handwriting ink. There are so many writing methods, of course, it is necessary to be positive.

Positive word

What is "orthodox"? The second lesson of the 5th course has been talked about. When Qin Shihuang, Li Si and others organized the small word, which was a positive word, but that was the positive word of the script, and now it is the positive word of the regular script. The main work of the regular script was completed in the Tang Dynasty, which has a great impact on future generations. When it comes to the orthodox characters of the Tang Dynasty, there are the following problems:

■ (1) How does the Tang people do orthogonal work?

■ (2) How to promote the results of orthopedics?

■ (3) What are the standards of regular script?

■ (4) The impact of the regular characters on the regular script on calligraphy.

[1] How does the Tang people do orthopedic work?

The "word" of the Tang Dynasty was actually together with the "Scriptures". The "Scriptures" refers to the Confucian classics. Essence Emperor Hanwu "stopped a hundred schools and respected Confucianism alone", and set up a doctorate of the Five Classics to become an official learning. However, the classics of the Han Dynasty were divided into two factions, and the other was called the "Jin Wen Jing". Their scriptures were memorized by some old Confucianism by memory in the early Han Dynasty. They were written by Lishu. Later, the Confucian scriptures that were not burned by Qin Shihuang were successively discovered. The most famous is the Chinese book, that is, a batch of scriptures hidden in the walls in the walls, which were written in ancient warnings, known as the ancient Chinese scriptures. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Ping Ping Shi Jing was written by Cai Yan and used Lishu. Cao Weizheng started the stone scriptures, written in ancient texts, and there are small and liberal scriptures under each word. This is the ancient text.

The scripture is a pre -Qin book, and it is not easy to understand, so some scholars add the scriptures to the scriptures. "Note" is an interpretation of the text sentences, but what should I do if I can't understand some notes? So someone came to explain the note, and the note was added, called "sparse". In the same sentence in the scriptures, different people often have different understanding, causing the sparseness to be very different, resulting in different martial arts. Especially during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the land was divided, and the injection scriptures were also divided into north and south. Although it is said that the Sui Dynasty unified the whole country, the "Book of the Old Tang Book · Xiao Deyan" said: "The Sui season is swinging, the order is unknown, the Confucian Taoism falls, and the poems are filled in the pit." This was the situation facing Tang Liguo at the beginning of the country, so at the beginning of the founding, Tang Taizong immediately did two things.

Yan Shigu (581-645)

In the first thing, the four years of Zhenguan [630] Tang Taizong's ancient division entered the secretary province. The task was to determine the five classics and determine the scriptures. Yan Shigu was worthless, and after two years, he came up with the results. Historically, he was called the "Five Classics", which is the standard book of the Five Classics. What font does this book use? The regular script is the standard book of the regular script.

"Tang Liu Dian"

The secretary provincial institution is simply the Royal Library. "Tang Liu Dian" Volume Ten "Secretary Province" records recorded by the staff: the executive head is the secretary supervisor, from the three grades, the deputy chief is the prisoner, from the four grades. In addition, there are eight school books, four of the positive characters, and are responsible for correcting classics and text. The school book is in the nine products. Bai Juyi, Li Shangyin, Wang Changling, etc. have all been a school book. The positive characters are Zheng Jiupin. At most is the "Kaishuist", as many as 80 people, responsible for copying. In addition, there are six artisans, ten decorationsmiths, and ten cooked papermakers. Outside. The "Kaishou player" is called the regular script 郞, and the "Tang Liu Dian" says: "The Secretary of the Emperor Sui Yang set the regular script, and there were 20 members. Seeing the secret of the Royal Books, this is greatly helpful for the five classics of the ancient school.

Han Yu "Send Hunan Li Zhengzi Gui"

Changsha people Chu Shen, Dongting is worth autumn night. People follow Hongyan, and Jiang is far away. For the sake of the scriptures, Yoyouzi returned. Lonely traveling with Geng Jie, traveling and dreaming. The territory is slightly tone, fish and shrimp. Here, who is here, who is the same as the same. After understanding the secretary's province, some Tang poems can be understood. Han Yu has a poem "Send Hunan Li Zhengzi Return". "Li Zhengzi" is Li Zhi, who serves as the post of secretary provincial, and he is a jinshi of the 19th year of Zhenyuan. Bai Juyi "Secret Provincial Hall"

Huaihua Yanyun Xinqiu, Tong Yefeng wants to overnight. There is no one thing in the later hall, and the white -headed old monitor pillows sleep. Bai Juyi has a poem "Secret Provincial Hall": "Huaihua Yu Run Xinqiu, Tong Yefeng wants to turn over the night. There is no one thing in the later hall, and the old white -headed old prisoners sleep." Tang Wenzong and the first year [827] Bai Juyi was the secretary of the secretary. At that time, the secretary's work was leisurely. It was fine all day. When Xinqiu had a sleepy book, he fell asleep.

Yan Shigu Gu Zhenguan entered the secretary province for four years. Two years later, the "Five Classics" was completed. The seven years of Zhenguan, the first month of Zhenguan, Yu Shinan served as the secretary supervisor. He also wrote a "Urgent Chapters", which is very helpful to study "Urgent Chapters". In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan, Yan Shi was the Secretary of the Secretary and became the head of the Secretary of the Secretary. Yan Shigu's grandfather Yan Zhi Tao also served as a school book, and studied the text training. He also had an important book, "Yan's Family Training". The entire Yan family has a lot of talents. Several generations of people have studied text, such as Yan Yuansun, the author of the "Book of Qianlu", and the secretary of the secretary after death. His sister -in -law Yan Zhenqing engraved the inscriptions on the book of "Dan Lu", which has a profound influence. Many people now like Yan style. Xue Yan Zhenqing must understand his family background to understand the characteristics of Yan body. Why did Yan Zhenqing write this way.

Yan Shigu took out the "Five Classics". Is the content right? Tang Taizong was quite cautious, "Fu Zhen Shangshu left servant shooting Fang Xuan Ling to gather in detail." Fang Xuanling was one of the eighteenth bachelor of the early Tang Dynasty. He led a group of people to study the "Five Classics" of Yan Shigu. These people have their own divisions. The books they read are different from each other.

"Zheng Guan Government Extraordinary · Chong Confucianism Twenty -seven"

■ Tang Wu Wu Jing

At the time of the Confucian Confucianism, he said that it has been long for a long time, all of which are all right, and heterosexual bee has been up. Taizong is called good for a long time, and he has given five hundred horses, and awarded Tongzhi Sanqi Changshi, and awarded his scheduled book in the world, so that scholars are practiced. From this perspective, Yan Shigu's knowledge can stand the test. After this battle, Yan Shigu's academic status was established.

Kong Yingda (574-648)

The "Five Classics" was released, but the scriptures are not easy to understand. The same sentence can have different explanations. Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the study has formed the two major factions in the North and South. What should I do? Tang Taizong invited the second university, the descendant of the Confucius, Kong Yingda. Kong Yingda was selected as the "Ming Jing" in the great cause of the Sui Dynasty.

Beijing Guozijian

The Guozi Supervisor was the highest school in ancient times, and it took charge of national education affairs. At present, there is also the ancient Guozijian site in Beijing, which was built in the Yuan Dynasty. In 1961, it was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. "Zheng Guan Government Extraordinary" said: "Taizong has many literature, and the chapters and sentences are complicated. Implementing. "Simply put, Kong Yingda's task is to sort out the Note of the Five Classics of the past. He organized a team to invite about 50 experts to give full play to the expertise of everyone, organize the ancient people's note, and complete the eighteen eight years of Zhenguan in 16 years. Ten volumes of "Five Classics of Justice". The "Five Classics of Justice" and the research results of the two north and south schools are taken. So far, the scriptures and the note have been sorted out, and the classics have been unified since then.

In the Tang Dynasty, he published another book. This time, it was the true title of the regular script. Tang Liu Yuxi's "New Chinese Studies Five Classic Wall Book" said:

"New Chinese Studies Five Classic Wall Book"

■ Tang Liu Yuxi

At the beginning, the famous Confucian Confucianism was the country of the country. There are very few information about Zhang Shen, "New Tang Book · Prime Minister World Table · Hejian Zhang's": "Participate, Guozi Division". There are several pronunciations "Ginseng", which can read Can1, Shen1, CEN1, SAN1, because you don't know his words, it is difficult to determine which sound reads. The sacrifice is equivalent to the president of the university.

"Five Classic Text"

Zhang Shen's "Detailed Five Classics" is not a detailed scripture or a detailed note. The controversial word reading and regular writing method, the "Five Classic Texts" three volumes, divided into 160 units, with 3235 words, but according to the current scholar statistics, it is 3250 words. We know that the classic words of "Speaking Words" use 9353 words, and the words "Five Classics" are about one -third of the "Said". Of course, there is no controversy. The words of the class.

For example, the word "Zhi" department "return" has two ways to write. Zhang Shen used a small word to indicate: "The text of the text, the text, and the classic common words", which briefly illustrates the "return" Words. And please note that it is said here that Xiaoyan and Puwen. The original characters did not appear, and they were all regular. Therefore, this book has a great impact on the regularization of Chinese characters. As mentioned earlier, the process of the "sutra" of the Tang Dynasty was the process of "word", which produced three books, and at the same time determined the positive character. These three books are official books and official studies. Of course, folk private sciences are different, but the imperial examinations are based on the five classics, and the five classics must be. 》 The wrong words. Any country requires a kind of thought to unify ideas. Buddhist countries have Buddhist scriptures, Kudu teaches the country to have the Bible, and the Muslim has the Coculan Scriptures. The most important thing is the "Five Classics" before the Emperor Hanwu to the May 4th Movement. Tang Taizong's composition of the Five Classics books is a major event in the history of Chinese classics. With the theoretical foundation of national governance, the imperial examination has a unified textbook. Because of the importance of the Five Classics, the positive regular characters have established their status.

This lesson is relatively long, so I have to announce it in sections. Recently, because of the mouse's influence, it has slowed the progress. I am very sorry. Thank you for listening to my class.

The main points of this section:

The relationship between the "word" of the Tang Dynasty and the "Scriptures". "Five Classics" and "Five Classic Justice". The influence of "Five Classics" on regular script. Review thinking:

The word "Suspected" of "Five Classics" belongs to the sub -department. What is the basis? How to write the word "Suspected"? What is the word "doubt" now? Is the first word "anti" in Zhengkai? Are both? If it wasn't for the writing, is it possible in calligraphy in calligraphy?

- END -