The patriotic

Author:History Museum Time:2022.09.06

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This work is a submission of the historic museum column, which only represents the author's personal point of view; this work is not rigorous historical academic research, for reference only; without authorization, the second pass is prohibited, and the offenders must be investigated.

Author of this article: Jinfan Ranger

In view of the successful experience of Dou Rong, if the forces in Liangzhou's separation are to avoid strengths and avoid weaknesses, they must try their best to play the advantages of the Liangzhou region and try to avoid the lack of existence.

In the previous section, we analyzed that the advantage of the Liangzhou area is that it is located here to stay away from warfire. During the chaos in the world, it is a place that is very conducive to cutting. Regional, development space is also very limited.

In other words, if the forces of cutting here are going to survive for a long time, on the one hand, it is necessary to maintain the stable development of Liangzhou, because this is the biggest advantage of Liangzhou to attract the population; on the other hand, since its own political status is insufficient, it must be in charge of the Central Plains Plains. The dynasty was Zhengshuo, seeking legitimacy for his own rule.

Only by providing stable guarantees in the above two aspects can we attract resources in all aspects and provide nominal guarantees for the military operations and political actions of the sedent.

In a word, if Zhang Rou wants to rule Liangzhou, his best choice is to rule here as officials certified by the Western Jin Dynasty. In return, he naturally also needs to vigorously support the Western Jin Dynasty to ensure the safety and stability of the Jin Dynasty.

[1] Liangzhou Assassination History

Considering these factors, Zhang Rou formulated two guiding principles of "Zun Jinyi" and "Insurance and Anmin". Under the premise of these two principles, Zhang Rail started a series of governance measures.

First of all, in order to better carry out governance, Zhang Rail has formed a powerful administrative team. After taking office, he first selected a group of talents. Most of these talents came from the surnames of Hexi, including Song Bao, Yin Chong, Fan Ji, and Yin 澹. Gong's also received the courtesy of Zhang Rail, and Zhang Rail's bureaucrats gradually increased a lot. Among them, the bureaucratic bureaucrats accounted for the vast majority of the Dunhuang nationality. It can even be said that it is the political alliance of the stable bureaucrats headed by Zhang Rail and the Dunhuang bureaucratic political alliance that has created the prosperity of Liangzhou.

In addition to the forces of Hexi's surnames, Zhang Dai also gave well resettlement to the large surname of the Central Plains, which absorbed some of the talents, which even included Du Yan, a descendant of Du Du, who was Du. With the support of these talents, Zhang Rail's regime has stronger representativeness and appeal, and the political foundation of Liangzhou is more solid.

However, the currently promoted talents are just a hammer buying and selling. In order to establish a long -term and effective talent selection system, Zhang Dai decided to copy the homework, follow the official system of the official selection of the Han and Wei dynasties, and implement the inspection, conquest and nine nine, and nine nine. The product is in the middle of the product, and 500 people are selected from the noble children of Liangzhou to establish a school to teach them the Confucian system and make them reserve for future administrative talents.

As a key investigation element for selecting talents, Zhang Rou can raise the three traditions of loyalty, righteousness, and festivals to a very important position. The reason why he did this is considered as short -term and long -term factors.

In the short term, this can summon more officials who have been separated because of the war, under the banner of the Jin Dynasty, to go to the country under the banner of the Jin room; in the long run, once the Western Jin Dynasty died, they can also condense their power as the "Jinmin" and have the enemy of the enemy. , Protecting the people and the people is conducive to the people's hearts in Liangzhou.

Secondly, Zhang Cai has always been self -contained in the loyal ministers of the Jin Dynasty, and has done a lot of loyal ministers, especially the most active in the two things of Qin Wang and Peace.

During the chaos of the Eight Kings, Zhang Rou sent three thousand soldiers to the Beijing division to defend the emperor, showing his loyalty to the royal family.

After that, the Xianbei people launched a rebellion again. Zhang Rou sent Song Bingping rebellion and captured more than 100,000 rebels, which made Zhang's scarce sound. Therefore, he received a reward of General Anxi, Anle Township Hou, and Fangyi.

In the early years of Yongjia (307 years), Han Zhi, the captain of the Eastern School of the Western Jin Dynasty, killed Zhang Fu, Qinzhou Assassination Shi Shi. At that time, this was a very obvious rebellion. Under the advice of the subordinates, Zhang Rou faced the pan -ranging of 20,000 soldiers to fight Han Zhi, and sent Han Zhi a strong letter to Han Zhi, indicating that you did it. To surrender, I can still keep you a life. If you are obsessed, then I will not let you go.

This letter achieved an immediate effect. Han Zhi who received the letter immediately surrendered to Zhang Rail. Qinzhou also avoided a internal cricket. Zhang Rou sent people to Nanyang Wang Simao, and Sima Mo was also very happy about the measures of Zhang Roubao and the peaceful Xili. After all, Qinzhou was his territory. It is a great hero. So Sima Mo transferred the emperor's sword to Zhang Rail, letting people talk to Zhang Rail: "All military and political affairs in Longxi will be given to you. This sword is the representative of the scepter!"

This sentence of Sima Mo also announced that Zhang Rou's rule in Liangzhou was officially recognized.

In the second year, Wang Mi, who was flowing around, suddenly invaded Luoyang. Zhang Cai Pai Beiyong Chun and others led the elite Liangzhou cavalry to guard the Beijing division and defeated Wang Mi. Soon after, the Liangzhou army and horses also appeared in the army of Liu Cong who defeated Liu Cong. "" Liangzhou Malaysia, running across the world ", the song that praised the Liangzhou army has also begun to spread in Luoyang City, and the prestige of the Liangzhou soldiers has also been rooted in the people of the capital. At this time, the Central Plains has become a piece of The vassals of all places have begun not to take the court in their eyes, but Zhang Rail is still diligent in king. Very moved.

These practices of Zhang Rail made him trust in the central government and obtained the power of the authoritarian side. Since then, with the recognition of the court and the support of the Liangzhou scholars, the Liangzhou area west of Longxi has truly attributed to the rule of Zhang Rail. Therefore, he and the Jin Dynasty became a close and inseparable part of each other.

The next storm proves that the strategic choice of Zhang Rail is very correct.

The stroke was obtained shortly after Zhang Diao, and he couldn't speak normally. He could only let his son Zhang Mao's affairs in Guan Liangzhou.

At this time, there was a rumor in Liangzhou, saying that Zhang would dominate Liangzhou.

From the perspective of the horses, we all think that this should be verified on the track. But at the time, Zhang Rail's power was not as huge enough to say in Liangzhou.

Jiuquan Taishou Zhang Zhen disagreed: The same surname Zhang, the great clan from Liangzhou, from Zhangzhen, is not much worse than Zhang Rou in terms of controlling Liangzhou. Noble?

Therefore, he compared this sentence on his own, and through the opportunity of Zhang Rou to get sick, he secretly contacted the Qinzhou assassin Jia Ji to replace Zhang Rail and prepare to raise his position. In order to ensure the success of the matter, he also secretly sent someone to the Beijing Division to ask Shang Shu Shi Lang Cao Chu as Xiping Taishou, attempting to constitute a trend of supporting each other.

What's even worse is that Zhang Rou's driving also wants to take this opportunity to arbitrarily do specialty and prestige. He sent menians to Chang'an to sue Nanyang Wang Simao, saying that Zhang Cai's body has been disabled and cannot bear the government affairs of Liangzhou. Ask the court to let Jia Qi replace Zhang Rail: Anyway, Jia Ji took a certain time. During this time, it was naturally the final say.

At the beginning, Jia Yan felt that this was an excellent opportunity. He was ready to accept this appointment and went to Liangzhou to work. His elder brother Jia Yan felt that things were not so simple. He reminded: "Zhang Gong is a famous man today, and he is also well -known in Liangzhou. The field? "

Jia Ji thought about it, saying that it was really a hard nail in Liangzhou. If the meat was not eaten, he collapsed, so he dispelled this idea and pushed his appointment. However, the court thinks that the two men of Zhang Cai are advised to replace them. Maybe Zhang Di's body really can't support it, and he is ready to rectify the history of Liangzhou.

Learning this news, Yang Yan quickly rushed to Chang'an and cut off his ears to the Nanyang Wang Simao who had been vigorously recommended before, saying that Zhang Rail was framed. After taking over government affairs, after the body improves, he will take over power again. Sima models, who learned the truth, sparsed the court and stopped the measures to replace the assassination history.

Under the support of the Liangzhou scholars and the intervention of Nanyang Wang Simao, Zhang Rou finally retained his position temporarily, but soon after, he ushered in a new test.

[2] February 308 AD

Zhang Zhen's brother Zhang Yue also thought that his talents were enough to dominate Liangzhou. In contrast to the previous words, he believed that he was the one who chose. Therefore, after being promoted to Liangzhou's assassination history from the history of Longxi, he became in charge of Liangzhou. He returned to Hexi to recuperate, and secretly began a conspiracy to replace Zhang Rail.

Zhang Yue first sent his elder brother Zhang Zhen, Cao Yu and Xun Pei to pass on the county to the counties, abolished the post of stabbing Zhang track, and let the military division Du Yan temporarily represent the affairs of Liangzhou, and then asked Du Yan to the court to ask for appointment to appoint the appointment. Zhang Yue is the history of Liangzhou.

The incident was full of noise, forcing Zhang track to express his expression: "I have been in Liangzhou for eight years. I can neither stabilize the place, but also catch up with the Zhongzhou rebels. Therefore, I sincerely consider the retreat. Just because of the position, the responsibility is serious, and it is inconvenient to immediately wish. Unexpectedly, someone has no reason to rise, which really does not understand my mind. For me, leaving Liangzhou, you will follow the Liangzhou. It is as easy as taking off your shoes, so you don’t have to move so much! "

In order to show his attitude of not nostalgic positions, Zhang Cai sent people to take his own play to Beijing to resign, and at the same time arranged for car and horse to prepare to return to Yiyang to retire.

With the efforts of Zhang Rail, Liangzhou managed to settle down, and Zhang Rail implemented many popular policies. Now because of the private interests of some local people, he will drive him away, which is too ridiculous.

Some people of insight quickly moved and launched the actions of the rail.

Changshi Wang Rong and the army participated in the statement sent by Zhang Zhen (although the papermaking techniques were invented, but the use of paper was not wide at this time. At that time, most of the manuscripts were made of bamboo and simple). The rail persuasion: "When the community is changing and the creature is coated, everyone really needs Ming Gong to appease Xiyi. The brothers of Zhang Zhen dare to chaos, and they should declare their crimes and kill the rebel party.

Zhang Cai didn't speak: At this time, not talking is the best statement. Everything is given to the Liangzhou scholars and let them use action to make a choice. Wang Rong and others naturally understood this truth. They quickly implemented martial law without waiting for Zhang Rail.

Wuwei Taishou Zhang Ye also sent his son Zhang Tan to go to the Beijing Division to say love for Zhang Rail. Miao Pan Gan Lin generally asked the court to consider public opinion, do not believe in rumors, so that Liangzhou would change again.

Seeing that the people of Liangzhou were mostly standing on the side, Zhang Cai quickly appointed his son Zhang Ye as the guardian of the Central Governor. He led tens of thousands of troops to defeat Zhang Town, and sent Zhangzhen's nephew Linghu to persuade Zhang Zhen to let Zhang Zhen and let the nephew. He tried the situation, see the situation clearly, and don't do it alone.

Seeing that the army was under pressure, I couldn't please be good at one blindfold. With the means of Zhang Rou Enwei, Zhang Zhen suddenly cried, indicating that he was mistaken for others, and he raised his hand to surrender.

Subsequently, he pulled out a scapegoat, pushed the charges to the scapegoat, beheaded him, and surrendered to Zhang Ye for his crime.

Zhang Ye continued to conquer Cao Yan. After driving Cao Yan away, Zhang Tan, who went to the clear, just rushed back from the Beijing Master, brought Sima Chi's scripture. , Re -determined Zhang Rou's position in Liangzhou.

With the endorsement of the imperial court, Zhang Rou turned his worries and began to settle the incident. In the idea of minimizing the impact of the incident, Zhang Rail adopted the policy of punishing the evil, ordered the rebel party below the death of death, ordered Zhang Ye to lead more than 30,000 steps to ride to the core figure of Cao Huo, the core figure of the incident, Cao Wei, In addition, Eighty -hundred cavalry departed from Gu Zang, occupying Changning to attack Cao Shun's wing. Cao Chusheng set up defense in the front line of Huangsan, but Zhang Ye did not directly move with Cao Cui. He found a hidden trail and walked around through Hao Yan to attack Cao Hu's wings. I was beaten and caught off guard, was beheaded on the spot, and the incident quickly calmed down.

Facts have proved that Zhang Rou's power in Liangzhou has been consolidated, and the support of the court and the Liangzhou scholars is inseparable. In order to stabilize the rule in Liangzhou, Zhang Rou must strive to maintain the stability and safety of the Western Jin Dynasty. The interests of the state scholars are maintained.

Zhang Rail did do this. He delivered Liangzhou ’s voices, county’ s filial piety, and the tax book of the state government to the court of Luoyang. When the court had something to do, Zhang Tu was supplied whether it was food or soldiers. For the talents of Liangzhou, Zhang Rou also allowed the state government to register one by one to prepare for future inquiries and reuse.

These measures made the courts and Liangzhou people extremely moved. The power of Kaifu.

Before the book arrived in Liangzhou, he caught up with Wang Mi again and again. Zhang Cou sent the five thousand elite Liangzhou cavalry to Gongwei Jingshi. Most of these Liangzhou soldiers died in the Luoyang defense war, and they really existed with Luoyang City. When Sima Chi was captured to Pingyang, Zhang Dai did not give up the obsession of the Gongwei royal family. He even had the idea of attacking the Liangzhou for attacking Pingyang. It was just that the plan was too aggressive and there was no possibility of realization. Then stop.

In the seventh year of Yongjia (AD 313), Qin Wang Sima entered the Guanzhong under the support of Jia Yan and Yunyun, and established an exile government in Chang'an. Zhang Cou's attitude of being bowed and dying immediately responded. Politically, Zhang Rou set up Sima to inherit the Dadong and ascend the throne as emperor; in the military, Zhang Rou was preparing to send 70,000 troops from Liangzhou to enter the Guanzhong and arch the royal family.

Although this time the troops did not achieve the obstruction of the Qinzhou assassin Pei Bao and Dong Qian Captain Guan Xing, they also gave a stunned agent to Sima Yi, who had just reached the throne. In order to support the support of Zhang Rail, Sima Yue worshiped Zhang Rail as a servant, Lieutenant, Liangzhou Mu, and Xipinggong.

Zhang Cai takes "Zun Jin Yiyi" as the basic political principle. On the one hand, although it is to consolidate his status, on the other hand, this also meets the requirements of the development of the situation in the late Western Jin Dynasty. When the national contradictions gradually rose, although the Western Jin government struggled again and dying, it was also the only symbol of the people of the Jin Dynasty at that time, which was the so -called "Zhengshuo". In this context, the Gongwei royal family also has a certain role of evoking the people. In this era, Zhang Rail's actions are naturally fully recognized by the Jin Dynasty from top to bottom.

While calming the rebellion and the arched royal family, in order to control the consideration of Liangzhou for a long time, and at the same time, in order to use the geographical advantages of the Hexi Corridor, Zhang Rou decided to build a ruling central city in Liangzhou.

After a calming Xianbei people entangled in the rebellion of Gu Zangcheng, Zhang Rou chose the city as his own rule center.

[3] Gu Zang

The reason why Gu Zangcheng chose was because there were many superior conditions here: First of all, Wuwei County, which is located in the four counties of Hexi County, is the east of the Hexi Corridor. The desert in the north, the Qilian Mountain in the south, and Hongchi Ridge in the east. Coupled with the rich products here and the prosperity of humanities, since the establishment of Liangzhou assassination in the Han Dynasty, this has always been the political and economic center of the Hexi Corridor. During the period of Emperor Wei Ming, Xuzhou Xunxu opened a school here, and later developed into Wuwei County Studies, attracting many talents to teach knowledge and seek knowledge. Controlling Gu Zang is equivalent to controlling the keys to the Hexi Corridor, and can be able to cover the cultural talents of Liangzhou. This is of great significance to the survival of the regime. After that, he promoted education in Liangzhou, advocated education, and recruited many celebrities to come to Liangzhou to teach. At the same time, when the Central Plains was trapped in war and disputes, Zhang Rou also set up overseas counties and counties in Liangzhou to resettle these exile taxis and people.

These measures not only cultivated a large number of talents for Zhang Rail's regime, but also made the Liangzhou region step by step, which also promoted the promotion of academic culture. The continuity and the improvement of the degree of civilization in Liangzhou have played a great role.

[4] The former Liangmuyu unearthed from Wuwei

However, Zhang Rou's body is not as good as one day. In the second year of Jianxing (314 AD), that is, the year sixty years old, he came to the end of his life. The founder of the former Liang regime left a stable, prosperous, and flourishing Liangzhou, so will his descendants continue along the footsteps he pioneered?

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