Kaifeng, an underestimated ancient capital?

Open a seal

"Seven Dynasties Ancient Capital"

Especially the Peak of Tokyo, Northern Song Dynasty

(Please watch Hengping, the Northern Song Tokyo City signal, drawing@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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There

Li Qingzhao's girl love

(From Li Qingzhao's "One Cut Mei Red Capricor

"This situation can be eliminated, and then I brows, but I am in my heart."

—————

Liu Yong's youth sparse

(From Liu Yong's "He Chongtian · Gold List")

"The name of the forbearance, change the singing down and sing"

—————

Su Shi's middle -aged sorrow

(From Su Shi "Jiangchengzi · Yiyi Yiji Twenty Day Nights")

"Two years of life and death are vast, don't think about it, unforgettable" "

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Li Yu's hatred of the country

(From Li Yu's "When is the Yu Meiren · Chunhua Autumn Moon")

"Xiaolou last night again, so the country is unbearable to return to the first month of Mingzhong"

(Su Shi's words in the above are not written in Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, but the dead wife who mourned in the words died in Tokyo. Not only that, Su Shi's father also died in Tokyo. He also suffered a 103 -day prison in Tokyo. Most of Su Shi's life is unable to get rid of Tokyo, photographer@岳 科 锋)

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There

Fantai spring color, Sui embankment smoke willow

Tower Xingyun, Jinchi Yeyu

The sound of Qiuqiu in the Bridge of the Prefecture

Liangyuan Xuexue, Xiangguo Shuangzhong

·······

At the same time, there are viewing each other

Tokyo Rich

Like Huayi Yimeng, there is no joy

(Hua Yan is the ideal country in the dream of Huangdi. The ancients were named by the country in Tokyo's prosperity compared to the dream of the dream.

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About 2000 years in China

On the timeline of the feudal dynasty

Northern Song Tokyo

It happens to be in the center

Many history and architects believe

At this point in time

Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty has experienced a game

"Tang and Song Change"

After this change

Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty is at some levels

Almost over the ancient capital of China

As Mr. Chen Yinque said

"The culture of Huaxia has a thousand years of evolution, and it is extremely popular in the world of Zhao Song."

So

Northern Song Tokyo

How is it change?

How did you reach the peak?

01

origin

Open the rolled rolled history books

The beginning of the foundation of the Kaifeng area

Tour back to the Warring States Period

Wei

It is one of the seven heroes of the Warring States Period

Kaifeng on the banks of the Yellow River

It is called "big beam"

Intentionally to win Central Plains

Fight for the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River

(Dagua City and the terrain of the location of the city, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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To build a big beam

King Wei excavated the artificial canal

That is "Honggou"

The huge population and wealth follow

Mencius, Su Qin, Zhang Yi, Xinlingjun, Meng Tiajun

I have left legends in this city

(During the Warring States Period, Daliang City and the surrounding water system signaled, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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However

One of the prosperous cities of Ma Pingchuan

In war

But the weakness of the enemy country

354 BC

Wei Guo sent troops Zhao Guodu

Qi State responded to Zhao Guo's help

Disposter Sun Yan pounded the beam and forced his retreat to Wei Jun

"Save Wei Zhao" in later generations

After more than 10 years

Qi State still takes the beam as the target

Forcing Wei Guo to fight

Kill the general of Wei Guo Pang Juan in one fell swoop

(Pang Juan's Tomb, located in Kaifeng, Henan Province, where the ancient and modern times will be, a bunch of grass in the barren mound is gone, picture source@（（)

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Low -level beam

Except for no danger, it is easy to keep it

There are more hidden dangers

225 BC

Qin State Army to capture the beam to capture the beam

Even the downtown Guancheng

The water of the Yellow River comes

One generation of famous cities destroyed

("The hanging river on the ground" signaled that there was no Kaifeng Tower in 225 BC. In the figure, it was only a high reference.

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And the rejuvenation of the next life

Let's start with water

Sui and Tang Dynasties

China's first artificial canal that runs through the north and south

"Sui and Tang Grand Canal" was completed

Among them, Tongji canal (Luohe) is connected to the Yellow River

Kaifeng lives in the Luohe River

It is called "Luzhou"

Luohe in the heyday

About 1/3 of the water volume of the Yellow River

Directly through Chang'an and Luoyang

Luzhou, who controls the throat of the Tang Dynasty,

From this upgrade to the water and land metropolis

(Please watch Hengping, the Suzhou Water System in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the diagram@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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With the position of its hub

In the late Tang and Five Dynasties

Hou Liang, Hou Jin, Houhan, Hou Zhou

Both are built here

It is called "Tokyo Kaifeng Mansion"

But Zhuyu is in front

Chang'an was destroyed by war, Luoyang still survived

Luoyang, the capital of Datang

It was in the minds of the Chinese people at that time

First capital

Hou Liang, Hou Jin, Houhan, Hou Zhou

Although Kaifeng is Tokyo (East Capital)

But still keeps Luoyang

The status of Xijing (Xidu)

The emperors are eager to be in the god capital

Continue to write Sheng Shi Legend

(Today's Luoyang Yingtianmen Mid -Autumn Festival night scene, photographer@（小 （)

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The founding emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty Zhao Kuangyin

After the Dingdu is opened

I also hope to move to Luoyang

but

When Zhao Kuangyin climbed up and looked up

Chenqiaoyi, about 20 kilometers north of Kaifeng City

Captive

That's the place where he launched a mutiny and a yellow robe

As the original commander of the original Zhou Dynasty, the highest commander

Most of the relatives under Zhao Kuangyin took root in Tokyo

His political capital is here

Zhao Kuangyin's first capital is Kaifeng

It can only be Kaifeng

So

How can Kaifeng surpass

The former god of the past?

02

inherited

Let's take a look at it first

Kaifeng City when Zhao Kuangyin took over

Although it is respected as Kaifeng Mansion, Tokyo here

In fact, it is just a temporary base for local regimes

It is likely that the central axis that runs through the city

The core of the city is the so -called "palace"

Originally the office of the local state government

Extremely low specifications

Can't be compared with Luoyang at all

(The specifications of the local government, similar to the Kaifeng Mansion in the figure below, photographer@（（)

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Facing such a situation

Zhao Kuangyin's construction idea

Extremely rude

first

If there is no central axis

Then build a symbol of the capital

Axis

The existence of the central axis

Can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty

Most of the ancient capitals in China have the middle axis

The Northern Song Tokyo City is no exception

Inherit the hierarchical regulation of the capital

(Significance of the Northern Song Tokyo Royal Street, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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This mid -line urban space entity

It is performed in Tokyo, Northern Song Dynasty

"Royal Street"

The widest part of it is about 200 steps

Compared with about 100 steps from Tang Changan Suzaku Street

More comfortable and broad

The road is divided into

Corridor of the common people

Royal Dao of the Center

Between the two of the two

Level

Royal Dao

Plant peaches, Li, Pear, Apricot

"Between spring and summer, look like embroidery"

(Please watch horizontal screen, signal the Royal Street, chart@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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Second

If the palace is not angry enough

Zhao Kuangyin

"Ordinary paintings of the Luoyang Palace, repair it according to the picture"

Miyagi (Huangcheng) in Tokyo, Northern Song Dynasty (Emperor City)

Basically, it is a re -engraved version of Luoyang Miyagi 1: 1

Inherit the majesty and charm of Datang

(Imperial City, Drawing@（//Planet Research Institute)

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This palace load

Emperor and concubine's life and daily life

Including the "Wendian Hall" of the emperor handling government affairs

"Dynamic Arch Hall" "Purple Palace"

The "Funing Hall" where the emperor lives

And the "Kunning Hall" where the queen lives, etc.

The taller and gorgeous in the palace

For the Daqing Hall "Daqing Hall"

It is located on the central axis of Tokyo City

Show my only Tianjia style I am alone

(Please watch horizontal screen, signal Daqing Hall, draw@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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but

When Zhao Kuangyin camp was built in Kaifeng

It is the Northern Song Dynasty

The critical period of fighting the Quartet and competing for the world

In addition to satisfying the necessary palace construction

Zhao Kuangyin's construction of gardens

Extremely simple

(Kaifeng Longting Park, once the Palace of the Northern Song Dynasty, photographer@（科 （)

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Garden of Daming Palace in the Tang Dynasty

It accounts for about 1/2 of the total area of ​​Miyagi

And the garden in the Gongcheng of the Northern Song Dynasty

That is "Houyuan"

Only 1/16 of the total area of ​​Miyagi

The proportion of land shrinks sharply

(Tang Chang'an City, Northern Song Tokyo City Palace Garden area comparative signaling, drawing@（梓/Star Research Institute)

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Third

Zhao Kuangyin, who was born in the army

Naturally know the military shortcomings of Kaifeng

Defense engineering is more built by Beijing Division

Plenty of priority

The three city walls left by the previous generation

Outer city, inner city

And the city wall of Miyagi (Huangcheng)

Although crooked

But Zhao Kuangyin, who is practical

Repair, reinforcement directly

(Significance of the three city walls of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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The innerside Miyagi wall

Based on masonry

The beginning of the brick brick of ancient Chinese city walls

The four corners of the Gongcheng Wall are built

Dozens of feet a corner building

Created the precedent of the construction of a corner building in Gongcheng in China

And for the future Yuan Dadu

And inherited by Beijing City in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

(Significance of Qinggongjiao Building, drawing@（（/through the wall through the wall)

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The inner city wall in the middle is used as a buffer

The outer city wall on the edge

Also learn from the architectural experience of border defense cities

Construction of the pier that protrudes outward

Because it is a horse's face

People call "horse noodles"

Defense on the neighboring horse

You can rely on firearms, crossbow, etc.

Moderate with cross -shooting network

Let the criminals get the enemy

(Salvation of horse noodles and cross -design networks, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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Turning in the corner of the wall of the outer city

Build a "enemy building" used in the station

There are cities around the outer city

That is, "Dragon River"

Urban builders set up layers of defense

To defend Tokyo

Outside the gate of the city

A city wall also built a city wall

Establish a relatively closed space

That is, "Castle City"

Its name takes the meaning of caught in the cricket

If the enemy breaks through the outer door and pour into the city

The defenders who occupy the height of the city wall

You can close the door to fight dogs, settle it to death

(Significance of Daocheng, drawing@（& Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Not only that

The rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty even convened

The nation's about 1/3-1/2 soldiers resident in Beijing

Large land inside and outside the city

Used for resettlement

(Said the land for the Tokyo City Camp in the Northern Song Dynasty, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Under such a strong defense measure

Tokyo City is open in all directions and has a high pillow without worry

This is reflected in the name of the city gate

Such as Caomen connecting Caozhou (now Heze, Shandong)

Songmen connects Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan)

Zhengmen connects Zhengzhou (now Zhengzhou, Henan) Fengqiu Men Tongfengqiu (now Henan Fengqiu)

Tokyo City really becomes the heart of the empire

(Said the Gate of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Empire Elite and Wealth

Coming from the sources of the Quartet

Western main street from Xinzhengmen to Zhengmen

Dongfang Main Street from New Songmen to Songmen

Northern Main Street from Xinfengqiumen to Fengqiumen

Southern Main Street is Royal Street

These four streets refer to the center of the city

Direct point to Dianyu's dragon chair

The emperor can live in the palace

"Junlin Sifang" "Sitting in the World"

(Significance of the Northern Song Tokyo Royal Road, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Until this

Reshape, dominated by the Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty

Let Tokyo City change the fifth generation period

The appearance of forced, chaotic

Infinitely approaching Datang's legacy

However

If you want to cultivate into a prosperous city

Only by inheritance, replication and reinforcement

It's not enough

A new wind of reform

It's about to come with the water

03

breakthrough

Kaifeng, which relies on the rise of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

In the Northern Song Dynasty

The artificial canal increases to 4 pieces

That is, Luohe, Caihe, Wuzhanghe, Jinshuihe

Be known as

"Four Water Guandu"

Called

"Tokyo has 100,000 armored soldiers, millions of people live in, and the world is transferred to give up, where the water is water"

The previous dynasty was reliced

Honggou and Tongji canal in the Sui and Tang Dynasties

Gradually evolved to Caihe and Luohe

Connect to Beijing and Jianghuai

Become the lifeline of the Northern Song Dynasty

It is named after five feet wide

Wuzhang River

After it flows through the capital

Finally remit into Liangshanbo

(The Northern Song Tokyo Urban Water System signaled that Huimin River was the name of the upstream section of Caihe, and the two were the same water system, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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Source with the water of the northern foot of Songshan

Jinshuihe

Going into the inner city and Miyagi all the way

Founding, regular, regular cities

Specified by the river network

Deduated by the bridge again

(Sales of the Tokyo Urban Water Department and Bridge in the Northern Song Dynasty, drawing@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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Tokyo City's bridge form is rich

Called "exhibition hall of ancient Chinese bridges"

(Part of the bridge of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, Drawing@（/Planet Research Institute)

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The most well -known

No more than the rainbow bridge of Lishui

The water is the source of the Yellow River, and the frequent flooding

Almost the bridge is overllow every year

But this Lishui Hongqiao is not bad for fifty years

Its solid and durable mystery

The bridge body woven from wooden strips

The bridge body that is not supported by the bridge pier

Will not directly bear the impact of the rapids

Construction form of vertical and horizontal and horizontal

Let the wooden components be between

Multiple fixation, improvement intensity

(The Hongqiao structure signaled that in terms of structure, Hongqiao belongs to the wooden arch bridge, drawing@（（, Wang Shenwen/Planet Research Institute)

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High -arched bridge cave

Can also be available for ships

Facilitate transportation

("Qingming Shanghe Map" is partially hidden in the Palace Museum, picture source @Wikimedia Commons, Drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Through the canal channel

River, Huai, Lake, Zhejiang's millions of stone rice

The treasures of all things along the southeast coast

Xishan's salary charcoal

Stews continuously to Beijing

Then

Industrial and Commercial Tax in the Northern Song Dynasty

About 3 times the Tang Dynasty

The maximum tax is about 5 times the Tang Dynasty

(Please watch it horizontally. The above data comes from "The Financial Policy and Social Economy of the Song Dynasty". The picture below is the part of "Qingming Shanghe Tu". It is now hidden in the Palace Museum.

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As the economic core of the Northern Song Dynasty

Tokyo jumps into a jump to become

A business city that is more prosperous than Changan

At that time, Meng Yuan, described as

"Tokyo Menghua"

The Empire Economy of Fast Development

Promote the earliest banknotes in human history

交 子 子

Born in the Northern Song Dynasty

The city of Tokyo is even more emerging

Extremely open business form

That is, "opening the street" (market system)

("Qingming Shanghe Map" is partially hidden in the Palace Museum, picture source @Wikimedia Commons, Drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Looking back at Chang'an and Luoyang in the Tang Dynasty

Political Great Tang Emperor Capital

Its business district is imprisoned in

In the square wall named "City"

Its residential area is closed

In the square wall of "Fang"

City Gate and Fangmen are open at sunrise, sunset closed

The city implements relatively military management

And Northern Song Tokyo City

Ride on the wave of economic rise

Business space, restaurant, shop and other commercial spaces

Entering the streets, gates, bridges, and even temples

They break through the space restrictions of the city wall and the wall wall

The streets of the capital become the "paradise" of the people's shopping

Panlou Street became the financial center at that time

Xiangguo Temple has become the largest trading market in the city

Can accommodate 10,000 people

(Said the land for commercial buildings in the Northern Song Dynasty, drawing@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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Luohe Tongyu Street intersects the state bridge area

Store, restaurant operate overnight

People call "Night Market"

The area of ​​Longjin Bridge in the intersection of Caihe Tongyu Street

The scene is not bright, and open the door to welcome guests

People call "Xiaocheng"

They break through again

The time limit of the sunrise, the sunset and the sunset

For thousands of years

The city workshop system collapses completely here

Active shops buy and sell, mergers at homeland

Make small and medium -sized street twists and turns, flexible and freedom

(The streets and alleys of the Xiangguo Temple area of ​​Contemporary Caifeng City are significantly far from the current urban forms as the Northern Song Dynasty, but the formation of formation is still common.

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The crowded and beautiful riverside

It is the excellent location of the restaurant tea shop

The store usually sets the elegant seat of the noodle water

The guests who took the boat got interest

I will also pull the ship owner ashore for a few cups

("Qingming Shanghe Map" is partially hidden in the Palace Museum, picture source @Wikimedia Commons, Drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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In order to attract customers

Temporary buildings of flowers and branches

It is called "Lottery Tower Huanmen"

It is likely to be dotted with hydrangea and color lamps

Bright and eye -catching at night

(Lottery Tower Huanmen, from the part of the "Gate Pass Car Map", the source of the picture@（（, hidden in the Shanghai Museum, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Decoration such a luxurious restaurant

Can be received at the same time

Thousands of diners spend the sky

(Disassembly of the "Lottery Tower" dismantle, drawing@（& Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Performance venue that swept Tokyo

It is called "Gou Nawashe"

It includes the stage and backstage (room)

Audiences (waist sheds), advanced seats (Shenlou), etc.

The basic shape of Chinese theater architecture

Lay out

Miscellaneous drama, singing, juggling, puppet show

Practitioners of programs such as dance, lectures, novels and other programs

Continue to gather to Tokyo City

Popular entertainment with unprecedented prosperity

Calling a private visit to Song Huizong Weifu

For the romantic affairs of the prostitute Li Shishi

Launch

(Please watch Hengping, "Song Taizu Cuju Picture", hidden in the Shanghai Museum, picture source@（（)

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Gentle and rich Tokyo market

Let the emperor get intoxicated in it, lingering and forgetting to return

Also attracting the people in the world to settle here

The population in Tokyo has continued to grow since its establishment

Until breakthrough

And the heyday of Tang Chang'an City

The population of Beijing City in the Ming and Qing dynasties

About 100 and 1.2 million respectively

Northern Song Tokyo

It has become the ancient capital of China again

The largest number of residents

"Super metropolis"

(The number of people and households in Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, the number of households, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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The increasingly expanded population

Bring a dense building group

If you get a fire

The consequences could be disastrous

As a result, the government appointed military soldiers

Established a "patrol shop" for fire prevention fires

This is China and even the world

The earliest urban fire brigade

Crowded cities

Keep up

Efficiency of space utilization

For example

Can be used for 4 people at the same time

("Qingming Shanghe Map" is partially hidden in the Palace Museum, picture source @Wikimedia Commons, Drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Government agencies save space for space

Often a building carries multiple functions

For example

Can receive Korean envoys

You can hold the court ceremony

The bureaucrats and family members who can temporarily enter Beijing

New institutions set up by Wang Anshi Reform Method

Officials are also forced to "run homework"

For example, hold the test room for national talent selection

The Ministry of Rites Gongyuan

After experiencing Shangshu Province (Zhu Wen's former residence), Wucheng King Temple

Shang Shu Province (former residence of Meng Yue), Kaibao Temple

Taixue, Pianyong and other places have changed many times

Even the emperors

Royal Garden, eager to expand

Also arguing with the people

And being forced to scattered in all parts of the city

(The Northern Song Tokyo City Palace, Royal Garden, and Government Office for Land, Drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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For example, outside the north side of the Houyuan

The craftsman stack the stone as the mountain and the chisel pond is the sea

Yanfu Palace expanded

(Significance of the plane of Yanfu Palace, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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and also

Separated from Yanfu Palace

Gen Yue

It is located in the northeast of the inner city

For the Gen position in the gossip

"The mountain is in the country of the country, so the name is Genyue"

(Gen Yue Planes, Drawing@（//Planet Research Institute)

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Houyuan, Yanfu Palace and Gen Yue

Three royal gardens are adjacent to

But it is separated by the city wall and the city's stemway

Constrained by the planned planned by the old city

Relatively comfortable, large -scale Royal Garden

Most built around Tokyo

For example, "Four Garden Garden"

Yujin Garden, Ruinsheng Garden, Qionglin Garden and Yichunyuan

Located in the southeast and northwest of the city

("Four Garden Garden" signal, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Yujin Garden in the south of the city

There are many treasures of treasures

Such as the apes from Tianzhu (India)

Jiaozh (Vietnam) Porcement Elephant

And peacock and so on

It's like the "zoo" exclusive to the emperor

Qionglinyuan in the west of the city

With the widest water surface in Tokyo

That is "Jinmingchi"

It was originally an artificial lake that was excavated by the training of the water army

With the long time of Chengping, it gradually evolves into

"Water Park" of Junmin Tongle

("Golden Mingchi Struggle", drawn by Zhang Xuanduan of the Northern Song Dynasty, hidden in the Tianjin Museum, photographer@（氘)

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Katano Central

It's for the emperor to watch the water performance

Waterxin Five Hall

The arch bridge of the pavilion leads to Chi'an

"Camel Rainbow"

Kita North Bank

Facing the dock of the Wushuixin Five Hall

Name "Olympic House"

It is about 400 years leading to the earliest dock in Europe

(Partial part of "Golden Mingchi Struggle", photographer@（氘 氘, drawing@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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Pond shore

Every time the "opening day" opened to the public

There is a temporary colorful shed

For the people to watch the performance

The streets near Jinmingchi

Also built temporary Gouraiwan, tea shed wine restaurants

Even the corridor around the Five Hall of Shuixin

Also allow vendors to set up stalls and artists juggling

The scene is lively

(Partial part of "Golden Mingchi Struggle", photographer@（氘 氘, drawing@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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Emperor every time you travel

Drives must pass through a folk city

Very inconvenient

This is in the Song Huizong period

The city has upgraded "three -dimensional transportation"

for example

Between Yanfu Palace and Gen Yue across the street

Start "Crossing the Street Bridge"

That is "Jinglongmen Reunion"

(Repeat the signal, chart@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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The distance is far away

But the royal garden, mainly water body

Permit for Hehewang

At Tianbomen and Jinglongmen, etc.

Flowing water

Build a bridge up and down culvert

Royal Waterway and the Land of the People

The three -dimensional superposition does not affect each other

(Significance of "three -dimensional traffic" in Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Song Huizong often goes down the water

Visiting the daughter after marriage

Folk

"Wandong Guanjia (Emperor) bottom skewers"

Living water broke the rigid board of the capital

Business eliminates the high wall of the city workshop

Royal Garden is regularly open to the public

Power of citizen class

It has greatly reshaped the city's appearance

Digging out the potential of urban space

And Northern Song Tokyo City

It also ushered

The pinnacle of its emperor's career

04

peak

It is the administrative center of the country

When the Northern Song Dynasty settled the world

Hou Shu Meng Yan, Li Yu of Southern Tang Dynasty

Liu Jiyuan of the Northern Han Dynasty, Liu Ye of the South Han Dynasty

Wu Yue’s Qian Qian and other monarchs

And "the male army of the Seven Kingdoms, the accompanying minister of the princes"

Tongtong was captured to Tokyo

Among them, the Lord Li Yu of the Southern Tang Dynasty

Missing the carving of the country of the country

Often EMO can't sleep at night

He looked at the courtyard where the moon was flowing water and lamented

"How sad can you ask Jun? Just like Yijiang Chunshui flows eastward"

(Wu Yuewang Qian Qian's house signaled that Li Yu's treatment after the Southern Tang Dynasty was the same as Wu Yue King Qianzheng, which was almost the same.

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It is the country's trade center

Called

(From the "Editorial of the Renewal of the Renewal and Tongzhi")

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"There are more than one million assets in Beijing, and 100,000 upper than each other."

Xixia's sword, exotic dancer

Ru kiln, official kiln, Jun kiln, etc.

The most exquisite porcelain in the five famous kiln

Pretend to be the Ronghua of Tokyo

(Song Dynasty porcelain, photographer@（（, Su Lihuan, arterial shadow, drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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Business persons in Beijing

There are many overseas merchants with camel loading

For example, big food, ancient logic, 食 [dū] Po, Zhancheng

Fan merchants in Bo Ni, Ma Yi, Three Buddhas and other places

Merchants of only food (now Arabia)

There are 26 records of entering Beijing

(The above is from the "Renewal of the Renewal of the Territory", the following picture is the part of "The Map of the Qingming River". It is now hidden in the Palace Museum.

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It is the country's industrial center

Song Ting used strong political power

The nationwide capable craftsman

Mobilize to Beijing

For example

More than 200 Shu Di of Shu Di

"院" that moved to Beijing

Tokyo became one of the center of the fabric

Same

Medicine, pen and ink

The largest producing areas in China are in Tokyo

(Song Dynasty men's brocade robe, hidden in the Palace Museum, picture source@（（)

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It is the national technology center

Three of the four major inventions in China

That is, compass, gunpowder, printing

Really popular and applied in the Northern Song Dynasty

this period

Bi Sheng invented live printing

The compass began to guide the navigation boat to gallop sea

The gunpowder began to invest on the battlefield on a large scale

Tokyo opened a giant gunpowder workshop

Continue to promote the research and improvement of gunpowder

Architects Li Dao

Host in Kaifeng Mansion in Tokyo

After important projects such as Longde Palace and Taimiao

Write the premier in the world at that time

Architecture monograph "Create French"

Astronomers Su Song, Han Gonglian and others

Great success in the past

Build in Tokyo

"Water Transport Elephant"

(Water transport meter, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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Its structure is divided into three layers

The top layer is used to observe the starry sky

Specially designed for detachable roofs

(Significance of the Water Yunyi Elephant Elephant Terrace, Drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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The middle layer is used to display astrology

The underlying layer is power and time to report time

162 delicate little wooden people

Place on the wheel disk

Report time to people

(Said the day and night machine of the water transport meter, diagram@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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These three layers

Hydraulic

The transmission device is intertwined

Synchronize with the operation of celestial bodies

Its mechanical transmission device

Similar to modern watch

British scientist Lee Joseph believes

"(It) is likely to be the direct ancestor of the European Ages of Europe"

Astronomy, mathematics, medicine in the Northern Song Dynasty

Agriculture, architecture and other fields of achievements

Not only surpass the previous generation, but also lead the progress of world technology

(Said the escapement device of the Water Transport Elephant Elephant, Drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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It is the religious center of the country

The largest scale in Beijing

The highest status Buddhist temple

It is Daxiangguo Temple

It is located in the core area of ​​the city

Responsible for managing and assigned abbots of temples across the country

The story of "Lu Zhi deeply down the willow"

It happened in the vegetable garden of Daxiangguo Temple

(Da Xiangguo Temple signaling, drawing@（（/Planet Research Institute)

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The royal family is still northeast of Beijing

Build Kaibao Temple Tower

Because the color of the glass bricks on the outer layer is like iron

Also known as "iron tower"

Survive

Become the earliest and tallest glazed tower in China

(Kaifeng Tower, Photographer@岳 锋)

▼

The folk fundraising in the southeast of Beijing

Build the Tianqing Temple Tower

Because it is located on the highland named Fantai

Also known as "Fan [Pó] Tower"

More than 7,000 carved bricks inlaid Buddha statues

Covering the inside and outside of the tower, it is spectacular

(Fan Tower, photographer@（小 （, drawing@（梓/Planet Research Institute)

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It is the national art center

Special setting in Tokyo

Hanlin Royal Academy and Hanlin Picture Academy

Painting and calligraphy talents in the world

Huang Tingjian, Mi Yan, Cai Xiang

Waiting for the calligraphy of calligraphy

More than 220 top painters in the country pour into Tokyo

"Thousands of Rivers and Mountains" is also born here

And Song Huizong, the emperor

Not only is the painting skills good

Calligraphy is self -contained

"Thin gold body"

When it is in place

Chinese calligraphy and calligraphy ushered in a new peak

(The Northern Song Dynasty Wang Ximeng's "Thousands of Rivers and Mountains" is partially hidden in the Palace Museum, picture source @Wikimedia Commons)

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It is the national cultural and educational center

The highest level of the central government

That is "Taixue"

Located in Tokyo

The enrollment qualification of Taixue in the Tang Dynasty is

"The descendants of the five grades and the counties and counties, the great -grandson of the three grades"

In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was

"Those who are handsome can be learned"

So the world's talents gathered in Tokyo

(Ouyang Xiu's "Burning Aiti" is now hidden in the Palace Museum, photographer@（（)

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"Kaifeng Mansion" in Tokyo

Bao Gong Shengtang's case

In Tokyo's "Dynamic Arch Hall"

Sima Guang and Wang Anshi played things.

Ouyang Xiu once served as

The examiner of the Gongyuan of the Ministry of Rites

Admitted to Su Shi, Su Zhe, Zeng Gong and others

Liu Yong who fell on the list was vomiting the young man's pride

"Talent poet, from Bai Yiqing"

and also

Yan Shu, Yan Jidao, Zhou Bangyan and other literature everyone

Leave a poem name in Tokyo

Called

(From the Ming Dynasty Xu Youzhen's "Reconstruction of Wenzheng College")

▼

"There are three hundred years in the Song Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, regarding the wide range of the Han and Tang dynasties, and the talent is prevalent."

(Ming Tuo Su Shi's Drunk Man Pavilion, Photographer@（氘, Drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute)

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It is the center of the Northern Song Dynasty

Center of the world

Northern Song Tokyo

Compared to the Tang Dynasty Changan and Luoyang

More leather pictures new

people oriented

The degree of openness

It may even surpass

In the future, Yuan Dadu and Beijing City of Ming and Qing Dynasties

In ancient times in China

Unprecedented

(Please watch horizontal screen, "Qingming Shanghe Map", drawing@Luo Zihan/Planet Research Institute, picture source @wikimedia Commons)

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pity

Dance

The romantic is always blown away by the rain

Golden Bing went south and occupied Tokyo

Frequently swing and flooding Yellow River

Wrapped with a huge amount of sediment

Gradually cover and fill in Tokyo City

Later generations to build a city

Floods come again and again

The amount of sediment of the Yellow River

Actually, Kaifeng City, Kaifeng City of Jin Dynasty, Kaifeng City, Ming and Qing Dynasties

Bury

(Experience the cultural layer of Kaifeng, Drawing@（/Planet Research Institute)

▼

The years of nearly 2500 years

From the Warring States Period, Wei Du Da Liang City to Suzhou City, Sui and Tang dynasties

From the Five Dynasties Tokyo Kaifeng Mansion to Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty

Then to Kaifeng City, Jin Dynasty, Kaifeng City, Ming and Qing Dynasties

The rare "city cities" and "city on the city" in the world

Born in Kaifengkong

In other words

Contemporary Kaifeng City from the beginning

Standing on the five -story ancient city

Standing on the foundation of civilization

From this perspective

This city "debut is the pinnacle"

(Kaifeng "City Castle City" signaled, drawing@（/Planet Research Institute)

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Today's Kaifeng

Tower towering

Kaifeng Mansion still

The bells of the Da Xiangguo Temple are still

The magnificent Qingming Shangheyuan

Roll up

Many tourists come here

Just to see the Kyokuki Foody of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty

(Please watch horizontal screen, Kaifeng Qingming Shangheyuan, photographer@（科)

▼

Maybe

This is the charm of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty

It makes countless people look up, countless people yearn for, and countless people are pursuing

Its existence itself is a peak

This peak

Existing in Hao Ruoyai

History books and ancient books

(From Meng veterans "Tokyo Menghua Record")

"Eight wastes are competing, the country is salty, and the rare of the world"

This peak

Also existing in the world

Yoyo's heart

(From Jia Dongting "Why do we love the Song Dynasty")

"Depicting the popular city of the city of the Northern Song Dynasty, the popularity of the Qingming season ... Last year (2016) ... It triggered an unprecedented viewing boom"

This peak

Still existing in Luohe, the ancients did not see the ancients in the dream, and those who didn’t see it later

Called

(From Chai Zongqing's "Sentence")

"Zeng Guan is difficult to be water, except Liangyuan (Tokyo) always villages"

Creation team in this article

Written article | Lingjun

Picture | Xu Ying

Map | Chen Jingyi

Design | Luo Zihan, Han Qing, Du Rui

Council | Tomorrow will be better, Jia Xingzhou, Wu Xintian

Expert review

Professor Li Hequn, School of Civil Building, Henan University

Chen Xiao

【references】

[1] Henan Museum. Tokyo Menghua: Song Jinyuan period [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2017

[2] Zhang Jin. Research on the Emperor Palace of Lin'an in the Song Dynasty [M]. Jinan: Qilu Shu Society, 2008

[3] Deng Yan. Research on the City Space Facility of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty [D], School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, 2004

[4] Liu Chunying. Archaeological Kaifeng [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2019

[5] Liang Jianguo. The population distribution and space of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty [J]. Chinese economic history research, 2016 (6)

[6] Li Hequn. Research and layout of Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty [M]. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 2017

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