They are the seeds deep in the mountains and the hope of rural education

"Change of the Gender Structure of Chinese Rural Teachers -A County -based History Anthropology Research" is currently the first study of the entire study of rural female teachers in the Chinese female teacher in the past 100 years. The book focuses on the two perspectives of "national-country" and "gender identity", linking the fate of rural female teachers with the construction of the state power, and a complete description and analysis of the gender structure of a general county teacher team for more than 100 years. The overall change situation has profoundly analyzed the impact of the country-market-villages-family on the career development and individual life of rural female teachers.

■ Zhang Lixi

"Change of the Gender Structure of Chinese Rural Teachers -a County -based History Anthropology Research" is currently the first study of the whole picture of rural female teachers for more than a hundred years of rural female teachers for more than 100 years. The research results of a combination of historical perspective and gender structure. Focusing on the discussion of the two perspectives of "national -country" and "gender identity", the author Wu Xiaowei discovered the problems and perspectives of traditional educational historians, and linking the fate of rural female teachers with the construction of the state power. And analyzed the overall change of the gender structure of ordinary county teachers for more than 100 years, accurately and informative records of this history, and profoundly analyzed the impact of the country-villages-family-family's professional development and individual life. The historical scrolls of the gender structure of the Chinese rural teacher for more than 100 years.

Facing a large amount of data and interview information in the book, in the process of staring at a common development of a local society and the country, we saw how the group of rural female teachers was wrapped in the revolution, market and modernization, and came all the way. At the author's sincere attention to the fate of the rural female teachers, and trying to leave the sweat and efforts they paid in rural education.

Match a century of development according to the gender structure

The book closely focuses on the core concept of "gender structure" and combed the development of rural female teachers in the background of the century -old local society and national historical changes.

In the 4th chapter of the book, the author outlines the county from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, and then to the War of Resistance Against the War and the Liberation Zone for 50 years, the female teacher has described the women in Q County from the education function of the private domain in the family to the external public. The education function of the domain, from the process of family to society, in -depth and thorough analysis of the changes in the local society brought by the teachers' profession. In Chapter 5 and 6, the author showed readers the changes in the gender structure of teachers in the nearly 70 years since the establishment of the new China to the reform and opening up. In these two chapters, we can clearly see the interaction of national policy guidance, market economy traction and family responsibility division of labor, and have an important impact and role in the changes in the gender structure of teachers. If the principle of equal equal constitution of men and women in the early days of liberation landed, the number of female teachers increased rapidly. By 1958, the growth rate of female teachers was nearly twice the male teachers; three years of natural disasters and difficulties in difficult periods were transformed from public to private. ) The adjustment of policies such as village burden has made a large number of male teachers from flowing out of the team of teachers; during the re -classes in the early 1970s, the number of male and female teachers began to be basically the same; In the middle school, the total number of male teachers is still dominant. This also shows that the quality gap is hidden behind the changes. While male teachers are helpless or voluntarily out of the teacher's team, female teachers often choose to stay behind because of family affairs.

Based on this, the author further proposes what impacts will influence this phenomenon in the background of the country and the country and the countryside of the country and the countryside. The changes in the gender structure of county teachers and the interaction and complexity of factors such as government decision -making, market changes, rural marriage customs, family structure, village power and other factors. Finally, on the basis of discussion and analysis, the author proposes the gender level of breaking the division of labor and promoting the popularity of gender equality education in communities and schools in the community and schools. We are very inspiring.

Number and story combination to restore history

The book not only includes quantitative data with a large number of statistical significance, but also tells wonderful stories. The author gives a bunch of non -angry rural teachers' gender structure numbers to live life and restores it to history.

Teacher Zhang is a typical model of private teachers in the old generation. She has no education and diploma. Although the teaching effect is good, the transfer has no hope. She said, "Privately run, say that men do not work, change a bowl for dinner; women do n’t do it. Dry, pick up the eggs in the hen nest ... ", from her talk, let us see the embarrassment and helplessness of a female -run teacher, but also see her perseverance and pursuit. There is also a middle -aged and capable teacher Wang, who tells her that she was a teacher in the village of her mother's house before marriage. After marriage and having a child, her husband and mother -in -law did not support her teaching. She had to lose her beloved work. There is also a "post -70s" middle -aged teacher, the husband and wife negotiated, and the husband resigned to work to earn money to support his family. He married his son to raise funds for his son. The wife stayed and continued to teach.

The running and choices between these teachers in the stove and the podium also made us see the career and family balance faced by professional women seemed to be an eternal topic. The author puts the short stories of these parents on the national-market-village-family line, allowing us to clearly see the impact of these macro factors on the professional development and individual life of rural female teachers. Follow and feelings for rural female teachers

When reading their stories, I also deeply felt that the author was not only recording and telling, but also paid attention to the meaning of the life level of rural female teachers. This is also the author's feelings. As a scholar who has worked in the field of gender education for decades, as the author himself said in the book, "keeps walking in the countryside, let me finally understand my previous confusion and traps; Water 'becomes true love and anxiety. " I think it is her love and anxiety that I have this topic, with this study and the book in front of us.

On the occasion of this Teacher's Day, as an old teacher who has been engaged in education for a long time, he is fortunate to share my experience and feelings with teachers and readers, and give me deep respect to rural female teachers. Reading the story of these rural female teachers, they are "a grain of seeds deep in the mountains" and the hope of rural education and rural revitalization.

(The author is the director of the Chinese Women's Education Professional Committee, a professor of the Chinese Women's Academy)

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