Archaeological Team Diary 丨 Eaves walking around the wall tens of thousands of shooting to let Longmen Grottoes "walk"

Zhejiang News Client reporter Xiao Yanwen Zhou Linyi Correspondent Ke Yi Neng

Longmen Grottoes Guyang Cave Gaoshu, Anyue Grottoes Purple Bamboo Guanyin, Dazu Stone Carvings Drive Hands Guanyin, Flying to Peak Lushana Buddha's relief ... Entering the Jiaxing Special Exhibition Hall of the "Great Painting Department of China", The relics from the Grand Caves of the Greater Land of China staged an unbounded exchanges across time and space.

More than a thousand kilometers, Luoyang Longmen Grottoes, post -90s digital engineers Liao Jian and Liu Zhiwei raised their cameras and practiced the first step of this digital regression -collecting cultural relic data information.

As the "advanced army" of the Digital Team of Zhejiang University's cultural relics, they went to the national representative archeological site for field surveys all year round. Cliffs make non -moving cultural relics across regional exhibitions.

In August, the reporter came to Luoyang City, Henan Province to follow the local field survey team in the local field, penetrated the Longmen Grottoes, one of the four major caves in China, and visited the site of the digital archeological survey.

Digital engineers told reporters to tell the difficulty of digitalization of cultural relics. Reporter Qi Jianwei Photo

Field collection, a sweaty face wall

The water of the Yihe River flowed quietly. On the cliffs of the green mountains on both sides of the strait, more than 100,000 statues, more than 2,800 monuments inscribed Longmen Grottoes were full of wind and frost. Since the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty, this grotto that gathers traditional Chinese culture and the essence of civilization outside the territory has spans more than 1,500 years. The work of Liao Jian and Liu Zhiwei is to record every piece of pattern left by history here -collect information and data collection of the grottoes, and use subsequent data processing to "restore" Longmen Grottoes in the digital world.

At 7:30 in the morning, the reporter followed them to the scenic area with them. On the viewing platform, accompanied by the sighs and cheers of the first batch of tourists daily, the Lushea Buddha, the master of the main wall, came into view. The largest Buddha statue in the Longmen Grottoes, full of each other, is solemn and elegant, and is looking down at all beings with wise eyes. Staring it, like staring at history, it makes people feel small.

Luoyang Longmen Grottoes Fengxian Temple. Reporter Qi Jianwei Photo

But humans can always be cast great with small. Compared with the archeological methods of the archeologists in the past, a little bit of measurement data, the multi -image three -dimensional reconstruction technology used by Liao Jian seems simple, but has a disruptive effect: he puts the ring flash frame on the camera, and constantly selects the angle of angle. 2. Press the shutter, these first -hand data will be handed over to computer analysis and reconstruction.

In the "pop" sound of crispy shutter, Liao Jian moved around a region of the south wall of the grotto with the Buddha statue. With the target of accurate restoration of the grotto, the weight coincidence rate of each two photos he took reached more than 75%, which means that more than 50 photos are taken per square meter, which is a fine job to test the observation ability. To complete a full wall shooting work, raising the camera for 2 to 3 hours. In order to maintain the coherence of observation, they do not change people during the shooting period, and only rest in place in place.

Digital engineer Liao Jian collects data collection of Fengxian Temple. Reporter Qi Jianwei Photo

For more than ten years, the Digitalization team of Zhejiang University Cultural Relics has established a set of mature data collection procedures and algorithms. As long as there are enough multiple angles to take photos, the computer can extract the "feature points" of cultural relics through software to initially calculate the belt. The three -dimensional model of texture information, combined with laser data, finally generates high -fidelity model data.

Liao Jian's work is the first part of the entire data chain.

The test of field work is not only concentration, but also a challenge to physical strength. Luoyang in August has the same damp heat in the south. For 10 minutes of outdoor work, the two layers of clothes on the body have been sweaty. The sweat flowed into the eyes and sore, and the arms bending became itchy. This is the physical sensation that Liao Jian has long been accustomed to. Winter is another unbearable. The coldness in the suburbs is even better than the city. In the cold winter, they are often the only "face wall".

The grotto is not a plane. To truly record it requires 180 ° or even wider perspective, Liu Zhiwei on the side pulled another ladder to obtain a pulmal angle. "This is not a high." What made him even more memorable was the just -ended high -altitude operation. In December last year, Fengxian Temple opened a 50 -year overhaul. Essence During 228 days, Liao Jian and Liu Zhiwei climbed on the scaffolds and filmed the entire Temple of Fengxian. During this period, Liu Zhiwei overcome his fear of heights. He had dare not look down for more than ten meters, and he could move his wall freely in less than half a month.

Digital engineers need to make themselves stand higher to get a pulmous angle. Reporter Qi Jianwei Photo

The collection of "eaves walking wall" finally left more than 75,000 high -definition photos in the database. In the future, this will set a nearly one -to -one digital portrait for Fengxian Temple. This is also the two people, the best gift for this 50 -year -old communication, the best return.

"Sculpture" history, talk with time and yourself

In the eyes of many people who are engaged in the digitalization of cultural relics, this is a career with time racing. This is a deeper experience in the field workers in the front line. On March 24, 2021, the Cave Temple Cultural Relics Digital Protection of the National Cultural Relics Bureau's key scientific research base (Zhejiang University) Longmen Grottoes Research Institute workstation was officially unveiled. Liao Jian, born in 1990, became the first batch of engineers to enter the market. Soon after graduating from college, he just graduated from college After the 95th, Liu Zhiwei also joined it. "If you look at the old photos, you will find that those missing Buddha heads are still there in the last century. It is really heartache to see the traces of the past destruction at the scene." Liao Jian often thinks that if the digitalization of the cultural relics can be used earlier, it can be applied to it. In practice, will we be closer to history.

Luyang Longmen Grottoes Guyang Cave. Reporter Qi Jianwei Photo

It is not just an artificial activity that constantly erodes cultural relics, but naturally has a silent power. The "magpie" of the wind, rain and air pollution day leaves an irreversible trace on the grotto. "Longmen Grottoes are the proves of the Tang Dynasty. Now through digitalization, we can retain precious historical information." Shi Jiazhen, Dean of the Longmen Grottoes Research Institute, told reporters that modern technology is increasingly significant The supporting role has promoted the transformation from rescue protection to preventive protection.

This is also a work that conquer time with time, from a large -scale Fengxian Temple to the Guyang Cave with a relatively small space, recording the work is more detailed. In the afternoon, Liao Jian and Liu Zhiwei dragged a "big guy" to enter the field. The tool called "Three -dimensional Laser Scanner of the joint arm" weighed about 60 kg. Only to jointly lift the instrument on the panels built in the cave temporarily.

Luyang Longmen Grottoes Guyang Cave. Reporter Qi Jianwei Photo

Liao Jian held a laser gun and performed a stone lion in front of his eyes vertically, scanning from top to bottom. The collection accuracy of the scanner can reach 0.03 mm, which is thinner than a hair shit, but the premise of high -precision scanning is that the operator must maintain the uniform speed of the hand movement. The sword took nearly half a month to fully adapt. "It's like using digital technology to re -engraved these statues." With his movements, on the computer screen connected to the instrument, a three -dimensional version of the lion head has gradually cleared.

Digital engineer Liao Jian uses the joint arm three -dimensional laser scanner to collect data to collect the Guyang Cave. Reporter Qi Jianwei Photo

Relying on the stare and records of one -inch, they used a year to complete the scanning work of the entire ancient Yangdong.

The "face wall" life day after day, the challenges to overcome are also "boring". Liao Jian, who studied Chinese painting from an early age, chose to use the perspective of art to smooth the loneliness of his heart. "Pick up the scanner to work, just like picking up a brush to learn painting when he was a child." The exquisite lines in front of you, like the brushwork in Chinese paintings, are carefully crafted products. "The ancients spent so much time to sculpt these artworks, but they also spent time talking to themselves. This is like a self -practice." Liao Jian said that immersing in the heart can get peace. In front of him, the icon's smart figure and elegant dress were carved into his mind by him, becoming a inspirational library for his Chinese painting.

At 6 o'clock in the evening, the light in the cave faded down, and the work of digital engineers ushered in the end. Carrying on the equipment, working on the sun, returning home with the sunset, today is just a piece of millet in the vast historical torrent. In such a ordinary day, the Buddhist altar that has gone through thousands of years of history, with the help of digitalization, left a touch of mark.

In each of the next days, this dragon gate treasure map will be continuously filled with gap until it forms a complete re -engraving body. It will exist forever in digital space, welcoming the sun after another.

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