Ancient astrology and Sanyuanzhuan

One ｜ Star Map

In the night sky, there are about 6,000 stars that can be seen naked.

According to statistics, there are about more than 200 stars recorded in the pre -Qin classics that have been circulating to this day;

Sima Qian's "Historical Records" is the earliest monograph on the number of stars. There are 92 star officials and more than 500 stars;

"Hanshu Astronomy" has added more than 200 to 783;

The number of stars that Zhang Heng knows the Eastern Han Dynasty reached more than 2,500. Unfortunately, most of his astronomical works have not been passed down, so only know the number of stars he observed;

By the era of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Guo Chen Zhuo took the stars observed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods around 270 AD, and painted it on the same figure in different ways with 1,464 stars.

Although this star map has been lost, it can be seen from the silk -made Dunhuang star map and the "Kaiyuan Zhan Jing". Later generations of "Jin Shu" and "Bu Tiange" are organized to become the basis of the ancient observation star in my country. For more than a thousand years.

We modern people know that the position of the stars is not constant, but because it is very far away from the earth, their position changes for hundreds of years or even longer, it is difficult to notice that the ancients seemed to be constant.

Therefore, in order to observe the movement of the sun and the moon and the five -star exercise, the ancients used the stars as the basis of the reference department, which is also the basis of the star occupation. The names of different stars have their own meanings in the star occupation.

Since the ancients believed the idea of ​​the unity of heaven and man, the principle of the naming of the stars became the heavenly in the world;

For example, there are emperors in the world, and there are emperors, princes, princes, generals, generals, Shangshu, Sangong, and emperor's equipment, etc.

There are princes in the world, and there are stars such as Zhou, Qin, Jin, Chu, etc. in the world. There are also stars in the sky.

The ancients not only regarded the light and darkness, position, and color changes of these stars, but also changed different affairs changes in the world, but also called different stars in different regions of the world.

In the process of observing the sky, the ancients divided the stars in the sky into several groups in order to facilitate memory, and then imagined to give different images and give the name, which is the star official;

Sima Qian's "Historical Records of Heavenly Guan" divided the sky into five major heavenly areas.

The middle palace refers to the sky near the Arctic, and then the sky outside the middle palace is based on the spring equinox at dusk. It is divided into the fourth house according to the east, southwest, and south, and each palace is assigned to seven places, a total of 28 places.

The location of the star is the conventional work of ancient astronomers.

Among them, the permissions of the measuring stars and the extreme of measurement are the focus of measurement, because the distance star is the standard for measuring other stars.

As the position of astronomical observation coordinates, the astronomers of the past, the precise determination of the astronomers of the past.

Both Li Chunfeng and his party measured the 28th places in the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, the distance between the twenty -eighth bed was different from the previous generation, but Li Chunfeng still used the data of the Han Dynasty, and the party decisively adopted new data.

The observation of the Huangyou period of the Song Dynasty (1049-1054) recorded the end of the 345 Star Officer's distance and the extreme;

The Western star watches in the Qing Dynasty entered the most existing stars in China.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Guo Shoujing was exquisite in the production and celestial observation. The error of his twenty -eighth spacing observation accuracy was less than 0.1 degrees.

At the same time, Guo Shoujing also conducted a systematic observation of unknown stars that did not attach great importance to the previous generation astronomers and incorporated the star watch.

Star map is an image record of star observation. It is an important tool used in astronomy to recognize the stars and instructions;

Project the shot of the star's spherical plane on the plane.

The "Dunhuang Star Map" painted on the silk around 940 AD is the oldest existing star map in the world.

The "astronomical map" of the stone carvings established by Huang Li in the Song Dynasty in the seventh year of Song Lizong Chunyou (1247). It is also one of the earliest star pictures that have been circulated so far.

Later, the middle palace was divided into Ziwei Yuan, Taimouyuan, and Tianshiyuan.

Divided the all -day starry sky into Twenty -eighth September, starting with Sima Qian's "Historical Records of Heavenly Guan", but it was not until the Tang Dynasty Danzi "Bu Tian Ge" that was fully summarized throughout the sky with the 28th beds of Misaki. In ancient my country, the standard partition method of Sky.

Chen Zhuoxing Table statistics

Tian District Star Guan Number Stars

Qinglong 46 186

Xuanwu 65 408

White Tiger 54 297

Suzaku 42 245

Ziwei Yuan 37 163

Taimei 20 78

Tianshi 1987

Chen Jiujin's "Ancient Chinese Astronomy and Calendar"

The star watch is a book that specializes in the position of the star. The earliest star watch was a star watch included in the Tang Dynasty's "Kaiyuan Zhan Jing". It was measured by Shishen and disciples during the Warring States Period. There were 121 stars.

The star diagram is roughly divided into two types: one is a star diagram, drawn in the tombs of some buildings or ancients. This kind of picture has only decorative effects, not accurate enough, not complete, so it is rough and simple.

The other is used by astronomers, which is relatively complete and accurate, and is used by astronomers to find and calculate the position of the star.

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