Night Exploring the Hubei Provincial Museum: 800 years of Chu culture is shocking

On August 26, a little girl at the Hubei Provincial Museum visited the "800 Years of Chu" exhibition. Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

The Yangtze River Daily-Yangtze River Network (Reporter Ye Jun) explored the origin and development of the Chu State to understand the daily life of the Chu people. On the night of August 26th, the visiting group of "Reading China-Hubei Yangtze River Millennium along the Yangtze River" visited the 800-year exhibition hall of the Chu State Museum at the Hubei Provincial Museum. The material and spiritual wealth created by the ancestors of the Chu people two or three thousand years ago I am amazed.

Zhou Yuan Oracle and Chu Jibao confirmed that Chu State originated in the early Western Zhou Dynasty

"Say Qiu Chuzi to tell his father" "Chu Bai Qiqiu is in the king of the king". "Fang Fang Qin, the Museum of Museum of Hubei Province, told the visiting group members that these were a group of businesses unearthed from Zhouyuan, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province in 1977. The text on the first Oracle, they confirm the close relationship between Chu and Zhou. At the same time, during the twice excavations of the Yichang Wanfuyi site in 2015 and 2017, 12 pieces of the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed. One of them was engraved with the inscriptions "Chu Jibao Bell, Sun Nai was presented to the father -in -law, and the blessing of the blessing". National history and culture provides important information. "We found through these archeological discoveries that the founding of Chu was indeed in the early Western Zhou Dynasty."

The Chu Junshi schedule on the wall of the exhibition hall briefly records the 800 -year history of Chu. At the end of the business, the ancestors of the Chu people (yù) Xiong Xiong assisted Zhou Wenwang to achieve great careers. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Zhou Cheng (reigned from 1042 to 1021 BC) was divided into Xiong Xiong in Jingshan, known as "Chuzi", which was only a hundred miles. After Xiong Yi was blocked, the Chu people led the people of the Chu people to "Lan Road and Qishan Forest". This spirit inspired the generation of King Chu to continue to work hard. Xiong Qu obtained copper ore resources, and King Chuzhuang "alarming" and "Honesting the Central Plains" , Chu Mourning Wang Ren used Wu Qi to change the method ... After hundreds of years of hard work, Chu Kingdom finally developed into a large country with a five thousand miles, ranking among the "Spring and Autumn Periods" and "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period". The country that compete with Qiang Qin, the territory to the east of Sichuan, the east to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the south to the northern part of Guangdong, the north to Henan and southern Shandong, including the southern half of China. After King Chu Huai, the country's state declined. In 223 BC, the Qin Army captured Shouyu and captured the prince of Chu. After 800 years of storm, Chu Kingdom perished.

Chu Jibao Bell in Yichang Museum. Photo by Li Ziyun, a reporter from the Yangtze River Daily

Not far from the Chu Jibaozhong booth, the sixth -fierce and magnificent galloping statues of the gentleman six driving statues given a huge visual impact, making people think of Chu's strongest style. "This is based on the recovery of the Jingzhou Xiongjiazuka site. It is speculated that it was the period of King Chu Hui." Fang Qin introduced that at that time, according to the identity of the person, the carriage was divided into one -driving, driving, and five driving. The king can ride.

On the other side of the exhibition hall, the visiting members saw the wells and pottery pipes of Chu Jinan City. Ji Nancheng is the political, economic, and cultural center of the Chu State. The total area of ​​the city is about 16 square kilometers. It is the largest ancient city in the south of my country that has been discovered so far. The 20 kings of Chu are here. It is speculated that there are 200,000-300,000 people live. Fang Qin introduced that there are many wells, which proves the prosperity of Chu Ji Nancheng. The discovery of Tao Shui Pipe proves that Chu has a relatively complete drainage system. He also told the members of the delegation that the water gate was also unique to Ji Nancheng architecture. Ji Nancheng has 8 gates, including 3 water gates. Each water gate can be operated by three cargo ships with 3 meters wide, and the boat can directly lead to the Yangtze River. The moat and the three rivers are connected to form a complete drainage system, which is not only conducive to the water in and drainage of the city, but also convenient for transportation and defense.

On August 26, the members of the visit delegation visited the Hubei Provincial Museum under the leadership of the director Fang Qin. Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

Food, food, housing, and a reflection of Chu Guo's advanced culture and industrial level

The visiting members are very curious. How did the Chu people live in two or three thousand?

Fang Qin answered one by one.

eat. The foods that Chu people love to eat are wheat, beans, ginger, walnuts, peppercorns, and Xiaomi. "Xiaomi is a northern crop, which shows that the north -south eating habits had already exchanged and integrated." The visiting group also surprised to discover that more than 2000 years ago more than 2000 years ago. Wuchang fish is still well preserved, and even Wuchang fish's fish scales are clearly distinguished. "Because it is marinated, it can be retained so far. In addition to Wuchang fish, there are grass carps and catfish saved," said Fang Qin.

The Hubei Provincial Museum's "Eight hundred Years of the Chu" exhibition exhibition was "dried catfish" (that is, Wuchang fish) during the exhibition. Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

Put on. "This is China's earliest large -scale large pattern tither fabric." Fang Qin introduced to the members of the visiting group. I saw that this dancer's animal pattern and remnants were woven seven groups of patterns such as dragon and phoenix, Kirin, and Dai Guan's sleeve and dance characters. The wall of the Chu State is also restored on the wall of the exhibition hall. There are geometric patterns, plant patterns, animal patterns and character patterns. You can also see the "three -headed phoenix" pattern, which is rich and beautiful. "China is the earliest country in the world to produce silk fabrics. Chu's silk fabric represents the highest level of the pre -Qin silk fabric process technology." Fang Qin said.

"It's really Lanxin Qin" visiting the group member Wang Hanying admired. In Wuhan, she said that when she mentioned the silk, she thought of Su Hang and Hangzhou. Today, she knew that the Chu people could make such exquisite silk fabrics for the first time today.

The Chu people like to modify themselves very much. In addition to clothing, the exhibition hall also displays the wigs used by Chu people, various exquisite wood comb, and the earliest portable dressing box painted painted wood dressing box currently seen in my country. The host is a Chu man. The cultural relics stored in the exhibition of the Hubei Provincial Museum "800 Years of Chu State". Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

"This can be said to be the earliest serial painting in my country." Fang Qin's introduction allowed the members to go around at once. It turns out that this painted character car and horse travel paint paintings are painted on a round outer wall, and the total length is 87.4 cm and 5.2 cm wide. The scenes of the nobles of the Chu State were very rhythmic: first, the owner took three horses to travel, the servant knelt off, followed the follower, and his wife followed two carriages to follow. Then Mercedes -Benz all the way. After arriving at the destination, everyone came to welcome. "Each painting is separated by trees, and there is a wild geese flying in the middle, and pigs and dogs are rejuvenating the atmosphere, with high artistic value," said Fang Qin.

live. It can be seen in the painting of Yancang lacquer coffin more than 2000 years ago that the Chu people can build a three -story building. In this painting, there is a picture of the wrestling of the owner and the exotic. "It not only confirms the communication between the Chu people and the exotic people, but also reflects the health and self -confidence of the Chu people." Coincidentally, there is a people from the Warring States Period ride a camel and copper light in the exhibition hall. Facing the front, the camel head stretched forward, the back of the bow was vertical, and the four feet stood on the copper plate. "Camel is a livestock produced in the north and the Western Regions. This utensil is a physical evidence that Chu State and exotic exchange." Fang Qin said.

The Chu people have a lot of currencies. The museum exhibits the golden version of the 郢爯, Jin Chancan, the text is printed on it. This is the earliest discovery of gold currency in China. When use, the gold version is cut on demand and paid after weighing with balance, so you can still see cutting traces on the edge. At the same time, there are ant -nose money (also known as ghost face money), which is a copper coin circulating during the Chu Kingdom during the Warring States Period. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Ant -nose was unearthed in large quantities, spreading over Hubei, Henan, Anhui, Shandong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shaanxi. "This shows that the use of ant nose money has exceeded the boundary of the Chu Kingdom, reflecting the trade between Chu and the surrounding neighbors." Fang Qin said.

In the museum, the visiting group members also saw a set of balances of the Warring States Period. This is the earliest appliance that my country has discovered the earliest use of objects to measure objects so far. There are 1 balance rod, 2 copper plates, and 5 pieces. The rope has been decaying. The weight of the weight is 4, 2, 2, 1, and 6 baht, and 2 baht, respectively. "This set of Tianping 砝“ indicates that the manufacturing technology of Chu State at that time was quite precise. When manufacturing products, it would be more accurate, which also reflects the development of the industrial level of Chu State from another side. "

The cultural relics stored in the exhibition of the Hubei Provincial Museum "800 Years of Chu State". Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

The tiger bird drum represents the magic, romantic, and magnificent of Chu culture

"Too a lifetime water, the water anti -supplement is too one, it is to achieve the sky. Also, it is four o'clock ... "

In front of the Warring States Period "Tai Life Water" unearthed from Chu Tomb, Hubei Jingmen, Hubei, in 1993, visiting the group members listened to Fang Qin's chanting.

The bamboo slips are not wide, and the handwriting is beautiful and powerful.

The Hubei Provincial Museum, "Guo shop Chujian" Taichi Water "in the exhibition hall of" Eight hundred Years of Chu State ". Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

Fang Qin interpreted: Taiyi is one, Taiyi starts, starts, starts, to heaven, earth, and then to gods, yin and yang, and four seasons. This set of bamboo simple has the cultural characteristics of the Yangtze River, reflecting the Chu people's universe view, which is a very important manifestation of Chu's philosophical thought.

According to Fang Qin, there are 730 bamboo slips unearthed from the Tomb of Guodian 1, which both include Taoist thoughts of "Taichi Water" and texts that reflect Confucianism, such as "缁 方" and "Five Elements". Among the bamboo slips unearthed in Hubei over the years, the number of "Book of Songs" is the largest. In addition, there are "Confucius" bamboo slips. This shows that the classics of these Central Plains culture, Chu Renmin is easy to learn, and is widely elaborate. The Chu people absorbed the essence of the cultural culture of the Central Plains, and they were brave and good at innovation. They contributed the brilliant spiritual wealth such as the philosophy of Laozhuang and Chu Ci for the Chinese nation.

"The tiger bird rack drum can be said to be the iconic object of Chu culture, but the similar shape is still the first display in China." The museum displayed a tiger bird frame drum in the middle and late Warring States. There are red, yellow, silver and white color painting, gorgeous and bright. Two crocodile tigers standing on their backs, a sang phoenix. One drum was hung under the two phoenixes, and the other two little tigers kicked the Phoenix's back and stood towards the drum. "Tiger birds drums are mainly used for sacrifice. The tiger is the most magical on the earth. The phoenix birds head towards the sky. This represents the communication with the heavens and the earth. There are two lively and lovely little tigers in the middle, showing vitality. The tiger bird's drums expressed the magical, romantic and magnificent expression of Chu culture. "Fang Qin said.

How do Chu people who try their best to live? Fang Qin introduced, "The Chu people have the funeral customs of burial town beasts. At that time, people thought that the tomb beasts could ward off evil spirits and play the relationship between the deceased and the gods. Outside the lacquer coffin dedicated to funerals, tiger birds, wooden deer, god tree, etc. are also carefully produced and decorated without exception. " During the period "Tiger Bird Bird Drum", it was unearthed in the tomb No. 2 2 of Jiuliandun, Zaoyang, Zaoyang, Hubei in 2002. Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

In the museum, the visiting members saw tiger flying birds composed of three parts: antlers, birds, and tigers. There are also colorful lacquer deer lying deer. The head and identity are carved with neck. The neck is combined with tenon -and -mortise.

In addition, there are the god trees of the natural tree of Xiaoping, which are carved with 28 animals such as birds, tigers, apes, snakes, and snails. They are said to be the assistant to the wizard when communicating the heavens and the earth. "The ancients divided the world into the three realms of the world, thinking that the tree was a ladder that communicated in the Three Realms." Shan Hai Jing "recorded that the god tree was the growth of the earth in the middle of the earth and for the gods of the gods." Fang Qin said.

"Although Chu State has two or three thousand years of history, Chu culture, which has a long history and profound history, still has a precious value of the times today." The history of human beings, the history of 10,000 years, and the history of civilization for more than 5,000 years, etc. Among them, Chu culture created by the Chu State and Chu people is the core and backbone of Jingchu culture. In the past 800 years, the Chu State developed from the small country of Laer, which has been less than a hundred miles from Fangyuan to the largest Oriental country with 5,000 miles in the local area. , Also bred spiritual wealth such as Laozhuang philosophy, Qu and Song Chu Ci, and Chu Yuewu. The huge transformation of the Chu State is inseparable from the spirit of the blue wrapped spirit of the Chu people, the innovative spirit of pioneering, the spirit of the long -term and long -term patriotic spirit, etc. These excellent spirit and characteristics have become Jingchu culture, the Yangtze River culture, the Yangtze River culture, the Yangtze River culture and the Yangtze River. The important part of culture and even Chinese culture is worthy of our generation to pass on to make the Jingchu culture carry forward.

On August 26, the members of the visit delegation visited the Hubei Provincial Museum under the leadership of the director Fang Qin. Changjiang Daily reporter Qiu Yan

[Trainee Editor: Lai Jun]

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