The gourd baby I saw when I was a kid was actually "cut" by a frame?

Author:Gansu Provincial Department of Time:2022.09.01

This article is about 3700 words

Reading requires 10 min 10 min

The outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion made Du Fu, who was out of the way. He flew north with his old and young, and he was desolate, and he could not see people and could not get food. When the child was hungry, she had to cover her mouth with her hands to prevent her crying from attracting nearby tigers and wolves. It wasn't until Zhou Jiawa met his old friends in the past that Du Fu's family got a chance to breathe. Friends not only arranged accommodation, encourage comfort, but even "puppet paper to recruit my soul". This is probably a folk custom. He cuts human -shaped paper for the amazing people and summons the soul to determine the gods. The poem "Peng Yingxing" who loved his friend after the incident was the earliest literature that recorded the term "paper -cut".

Of course, before Du Fu, the paper -cutting was popular, but the name was different. During the Shang Dynasty, people carved and cut the thin gold foil and silk, and made it into a paper -cut style. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when Zhou Cheng and his younger brother game, he cut Tong Ye into Yu Gui, and his younger brother was the prince king, which was regarded as the earliest paper -cutting. However, this story has been questioned by many scholars, and it is difficult to distinguish between true and false.

Shang Dynasty Sun God Bird Gold decoration

Paper -cutting, one is cut, one is paper. As far as the meaning of the word is concerned, it is possible to achieve the realization of the Han Dynasty. Among the unearthed cultural relics, the earliest scissors were the iron scissors of the Western Han Dynasty excavated by Guangzhou Golden Gold. The earliest paper was the hemp paper of the Western Han Dynasty. It was popularized after the reform of Cai Lun. Compared with sculpture, "cutting" appears more fine, paper also replaces gold foil to reduce costs, and paper -cutting can become a widely spread folk custom.

According to Li Shangyin's poem "Cai Cai is Jinfeng", the custom of paper -cutting customs appeared in the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties. This is also the era when paper gradually replaced the bamboo slips. The two Jin attaches great importance to the day, that is, the day of the seventh day of the first month, commemorating the days of the son -in -law. At that time, people would cut ribbon or gold foil, make the shape of an adult, and wear on the hair for decoration. This "color" may be silk fabric. The rest of the festivals also have ribbon cuts, cutting swallows in Lichun, cutting small tigers in the fifth day of May, and cutting Buddha flowers to decorate the auditorium. The use of paper money may also begin in the north and south dynasties. At that time, the lack of copper coins, coupled with the introduction of cremation, and paper money germinated. It is said that the emperor of Nanqi likes ghosts and gods, "paper -cutting is money."

The paper -cutting really proves that it started from the Tang Dynasty. The ancient tombs of the Astana in Xinjiang once unearthed the one -piece paper man and circular group flowers, probably for the soul, similar to Du Fu's story; Mogao Grottoes also have Buddhist -related paper -cutting. During this period, the paper money was promoted by the prime minister to enter the official temple worship and folk streets; the customs of cutting the leaves in the autumn, and the Song, Ming and Qing dynasties that prevailed in the later generations, and men and women will cut off the leaves, petals, and the red leaves of the river. And wear it.

During the Song Dynasty in the evening of the Tang Dynasty, Jizhou kiln created paper -cutting and flower porcelain, and the pattern of paper -cutting was engraved as porcelain. After the Song Dynasty, the paper -cutting entered the heyday, and the New Year, Spring, Spring Flower, and Huasheng had many styles. The riding characters in the horse lamp, the deep girlfriend, the three kingdoms, the three kingdoms, and the Chu and Han struggle, all reflected in the lamp paper through the form of paper -cutting. Essence At the same time, there are also paper -cutting craftsmen. They often gather in the capital of the capital, and they can cut out all kinds of tricks as they want. There is a named Yu Jingzhi who can cut the calligraphy calligraphy; afterwards, there is a teenager, and he can even cut words and flowers in the sleeves ... Speaking, comparable shoulder acrobatics.

Tang Dynasty yellow glaze sticker flower porcelain pillow

Jizhou Kiln Sanlu Sherings Bowl in the Song Dynasty

During the Yuan Dynasty, a sweeping mother appeared. The paper -cutting was a female shape. She held a broom in her hand and hung under the eaves to pray for sunny days. The sunny doll in Japan evolved from the Sweeping Niang of China. In the Ming Dynasty, the color of coloring technology was mature, and the parts of the paper -cutting were dyed. At that time, the people also improved Sweeping Qingniang and added red and green clothes to her. During the Qing Dynasty, paper -cutting developed in the nobles, literati, and civilians: the Manchu originally had paper -cut customs, and now the introduction of the palace is more popular; poetic texts are also prosperous, and literati copy ancient calligraphy and painting in the form of paper -cutting ancient people. ; Life folk -cutting, similar to "Happy Map", was also popular at the time.

Ancient paper -cutting not only had decorative effects, but also contained certain cultural metaphor. In religion, paper is often cut into butterflies or fairy cranes, gently exhaled or spit with water. Taoist priests will also use swords to cut paper to drive away evil spirits. Folk novels often write that people with evil thoughts produced people, cursing and hateful people. Paper -cutting is also often used in medicine. Li Shizhen wrote a kind of Pan Bean paper, which is a flower paper when he is diarrhea. This may be the residue of early witch doctors, and it plays a consolation effect in practice.

With the opening of modern commercial ports in the late Qing Dynasty, papermakers came out of their own workshops, came to a larger place to make a living, and incorporated paper -cutting into newspapers, posters, and greeting cards. Before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the government strongly solicited paper -cutting, gathered decentralized paper -cutters, and organized cooperatives. In the early years of the cartoon producers, even inspired by paper -cutting, creating a lot of new works: from "Pig Bajie Eat Watermelon" in the 1950s to "Niu Jun" in the late 1980s, even "Panda Department Store" Store "ink -cutting animation. However, in recent years, paper -cutting has declined, and early craftsmen have withdrawn from the stage, and newcomers are unsustainable. I do not know how the next time in the glory of paper -cutting comes.

Gong xu

Preface

Guo Peizhen, 88 years old, described the adventure of life with a long paper -cutting long, and now he is still doing paper -cut creation every day. Even in Shaanxi, which is popularized in paper, Grandma Guo is the only craftsman who created more than 20,000 window flowers and long rolls of paper -cutting. She carefully described the process of paper -cutting for us. 1. Speed scissors

Before cutting paper, the scissors need to be sharpened first. It is the so -called "work to be good, and it must first benefit its instrument." However, after the grinding time, the scissors will become shorter, and it will be grinded over time. At this time, it needs to be replaced. Paper -cutting also requires different styles of scissors. The scissors should be cut with short scissors, and the straight wire should be used to use the scissors of the blade.

2. Drawing the draft

The paper -cutting pattern needs to be drawn on the manuscript, some of which are inherited by the patterns, and some are scenes that the craftsmen have seen. As long as there is a level, everything and every story can be simulated through paper -cutting methods.

3. Paper -cutting

The manuscripts, film and color paper are well stunned from top to bottom, and sewed with threads can be cut according to the manuscript. Among them, the film is a simple plastic film, which is conducive to fixed manuscripts and color paper. Because of its smooth surface, it is also conducive to the next sealing.

4. Packing

Disassemble the paper and film, take out the manuscript and film, and you can see the cut color paper. This is the final finished product.

Craftsman Zhou Keqin

Native

Craftsman Zhou Keqin

Shanghai Fine Arts Film Studio has created more than 500 cartoons, and is also a producer of "Gourd Brothers". Zhou Keqin is the director of the cartoon with paper -cutting art. He tells the story with a knife and creates a generation of classics. When working in the studio, Zhou Keqin and his partners insisted on creating. Each cartoon can catch the audience's heart and make people immerse in the imaginative world. If the grandma in northern Shaanxi told her life with paper -cutting, then Zhou Keqin used his life to make traditional paper -cut promotion.

"Gourd Brothers" split lens

"Gourd Brothers" has been broadcast since 1986, and has passed more than thirty years. After more than ten years of retirement of Zhou Keqin, he was still busy reviewing and modifying. Even in the evening, he was busy for animation. Although "Gourd Brothers" is already in the past, in some people's hearts, this emotion is still in progress. Many partners who created alongside Zhou Keqin were gone, but the years of fighting in the past were still deeply in his mind. And this domestic classic cartoon has also been deeply imprinted in the audience's hearts. It is not only China's first paper -cut animation series, but also a complex to wake up childhood memories.

"Gourd Brothers" split mirror (slide left and right to view)

"Gourd Brothers" is the first time that uses paper -cutting and uses a series of artistic forms to express. A total of thirteen episodes were shot in total, with a total length of 130 minutes, and the difficulties were difficult to say. The length of a dialogue should be designed in advance, relying on the stopwatch in the director's hand to estimate, and marked into the split lens. Seven gourds, each character has his different skills, as well as various expressions, or angry, or laughing, to draw a dozen or more to meet the requirements. Because of the large workload, everyone in the film factory was worried at first, but as one of the gourds was photographed, all anxiety and worries became joy.

The snake essence of "Gourd Brothers"

The action design of "Gourd Brothers" was a creative partner with a tacit understanding of Zhou Keqin. Although the image of the animated characters is fictional, its words and one smile and smile are derived from the real life, because both people firmly believe that only by themselves to experience can they understand the character's form more deeply. In the courtyard 618, they sometimes lie on the window sill to observe the people walking outside the window. Everyone's posture is different, they imitate these postures to enrich the animated characters. Teacher Shen Rudong even places a mirror in front of his eyes when designing his expression to facilitate the subtle changes in the face at any time.

Scorpion of "Gourd Brothers" (slide left and right to view)

After making so many efforts, the colleagues of the film plant also secretly determined in their hearts, and must make a paper -cut piece that is better than the original cartoon. At that time, the director even put forward that who came up with a good idea and rewarded an old hen. Today, every detail carefully designed by Shen Rusong and others has become a memory of people. Sanwa did not expect the movement of the soft knife and the rotation of the eyes when the snake was proud, all inspired by repeated discussions. Don't imitate others, don't repeat yourself, this is the belief of filmmakers such as Zhou Keqin.

Draft of "Gourd Brothers"

The soundtrack of "Gourd Brothers" was completed by the predecessor composer in the film factory at that time. Some of the electronic piano music in this film is the idea of Teacher Wu. In the 1980s, the electronic piano just rose in China, and he wanted to try it. Since the film screening, this "gourd baby, gourd baby, seven flowers on a vine" has been circulating to this day and has been sung for more than 30 years.

Now, it is difficult to imagine the complexity of the animation production of the pure handicraft: ascending and climbing the low camera, twenty -four pictures in one second; a few seconds, the length of the lens Even if you are small, you have to make a good mark. If you have a little worse pool, you have to come again. When Zhou Keqin reviewed the sample, every time he saw the characters in his film, he would be bold and worried that he could not succeed once. Sometimes, after three days, I took a shot to shoot a shot, but found that there was a gang, I had to spend the same time and energy, and re -again. "Gourd Brothers" is divided into shots

Each episode is only a budget of only 70,000 yuan, more than fifty people, which are completed in two years. This film that is created and regarded by a generation of Chinese is a classic film. It is the hard work of every participant. The dusty film reflects the era of animation that is gradually far away, but the cultural self -confidence and independence carried by paper -cut animation is still valuable. In the past years, craftsmanship has been history and root; in today's trend, craftsmanship is vitality, and the next section of the legend that is about to be continued.