Why is Shanxi solidified gold soup

Shanxi is one of the origin of Chinese civilization. There are not only a large number of relics on the Shichi era, but also Yao and Xia, such as Yao Shunyu, and the legendary Yao Shunyu. During the Shang Dynasty, there were a lot of Fang Kingdom. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, a large number of vassal states were sealed in central and southern Shanxi, the most famous as the Jin State, and then in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Jin Dynasty became one of the most powerful vassal states, and the hegemony of Jinchu became the highlight of a period of time. After the three households were divided into Jin, the Wei Kingdom in the early War of the Warring States Period was a super power, and Zhao Guo in the middle became the most powerful country in the East. After Qin unified China, Hedong County, Shang Dang County, Taiyuan County, Yanmen County, Dai County, etc. were set up in Shanxi. During the Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin dynasties, Shanxi was merged today. Since then, the Wuhu chaos, the Huns and Xianbei have risen in Shanxi. The Tuoba family unified the north based on this and established the Northern Wei Dynasty. Later, the Northern Wei Dynasty divided into the Eastern Wei Dynasty (Northern Qi), which occupied Hebei and Shanxi (later) and the Western Wei Dynasty (Northern Zhou Dynasty), which was occupied by Guanzhong. After the Sui Dynasty briefly unified, Li Yuan established the Tang Dynasty in Taiyuan, and the Shanxi region became the "Land of Longxing" in the Tang Dynasty. Taiyuan was also set to Beidu. In the Rebellion of Anshi, Shanxi has played an important role in cracking down on the rebels. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Shi Jingzheng dedicated the 16 states of Yanyun in Shanxi and northern Hebei to Khitan, so that the barriers to the northern part of the Song Dynasty in the Song Dynasty afterwards were lost, and they were always very passive. Shanxi Province was established in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and its province was generally determined and retained.

Shanxi has always been a strategic place. It has a high terrain, overlooking the Hebei and Central Plains, Ether Mountains and Hebei in the east; adjacent to Hanoi in the south and Hanoi, looking at the Central Plains. The west is based on the Yellow River and Guanzhong. We know that the unified feudal dynasty in Chinese history, except for the Ming Dynasty, merged the south north. In the unified process of the north, Guanzhong and Hebei often become the two most intense forces in the battle. The capital is determined to be Beijing, and Hebei is the Town of Gyeonggi. And Shanxi is wedded between Guanzhong and Hebei like a wedge, so Shanxi often causes fierce competition between the two sides.

At the same time, the terrain of Shanxi region is also very conducive to the development of its own strength. It is connected to the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the north, surrounded by the Yellow River on both sides of the southwest, Luliang Mountain on the west, Zhongjo Mountain and Wangwu Mountain in the south, Taihang Mountain in the east, and in the inside of Guan Laoshan, Yunzhongshan, Hengshan, Wutai Mountain, Zhoushan Mountain, Taiyue Mountain, Xun, Xun, Xun, Xun, and Xuan Wangshan and so on, which originated from the Sangan River, Luohe, Fenhe, Qinhe, etc., which originated in various mountains, forming a series of bead -shaped basins -Datong Basin, Xinding Basin, Taiyuan Basin, Linfen Basin, Yuncheng Basin, Changzhi Basin, etc. You can cultivate breeding soldiers, and you can follow the danger. The Khitan Liu Han perished the Western Jin Dynasty based on Shanxi. Tuoba Xianbei entered the Datong Basin and gradually unified the north. At the time of forming a unified dynasty, such as Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song and other dynasties, the central and northern parts of Shanxi was the forefront of fighting against foreign invasion, and it would inevitably become a town of one party.

As far as several directions in Shanxi: The northern part of Shanxi is the Datong Basin, and there are only some lower Yamaguchi in the northern part of Datong. The communication between Shanxi and the outside world is mainly based on this area. Dahe is adjacent to Shaanxi, and there are ferries such as Longmendu and Pujindu in the southwest. It is the only way for the exchanges between Guanzhong and Shanxi; the east and south of Shanxi are surrounded by Taihang Mountains.中原沟通交流的通道，最著名的就是太行八陉（陉，xing，就是“山脉中断的地方”），分别是：军都陉、蒲阴陉、飞狐陉、井陉、滏口陉、白陉、 Taihang 轵, 陉 太 太. Correspondingly, some male town has been formed.

Here are several areas of Shanxi.

Datong Basin and northern region

The Datong Basin in the north of Shanxi is sandwiched between Guanyu Mountain, Hengshan and Inner Mongolia Plateau. Due to the low mountain mouth in the north of Datong, the nomadic people are more likely to penetrate here. The Sanggan River originated from Guanyu Mountain and flowed into the Youyan area of ​​Hebei. Once the nomadic people invaded the Datong Basin, they could attack Xuanfu, Huailai, and marching in the Music Capital, and they could go straight to the Yongguan Pass, or or to settle in the military capital. From Datong to the southeast direction, enter the Weixian area, through Feihukou, enter the Yuanyuan, and then further attack Yixian and Baoding. When a dynasty was in Beijing, such an offensive threat seemed to be severe. During the Ming Dynasty, the three levels in the Ming Dynasty -Juyongguan, Bauhinia Pass, and Malaysia Pass were located on this line. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty also operated Xuanfu and Datong as the west of the western town, echoing the east and west of Ji Town in the east to defend the Beijing Division. The tadpoles led first were influxed from the Datong Basin, and then eastward along the Sanggan River Valley, broke the Ming Army in the Civil Bress, and then held the Ming Emperor into Hebei from Bauhinia Pass to siege Beijing. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng attacked Beijing, and also followed the Sangan River Valley. Finally, he entered Jiyongguan and perished the Ming Dynasty.

During the period of the fifth generation and the ten kingdoms, Tang Shijing was exchanged for the support of Khitan with the sixteenth states of Yanyun. This caused Datong and the surrounding areas of Beijing to fall into the head of foreign ethnic groups. The barriers of the northern part of the Central Plains dynasty were lost. Later, the post -week and the Northern Song Dynasty failed to recover the 16 states of Yanyun. In the town of Taiyuan, in the Hebei region, it can only be followed by Zhengding and Hejian, and it is based on the Luanhe River. The fragile defense eventually led the Northern Song Dynasty to the hands of the Northern dynasty. Xinding Basin and Yanmen Pass in the central northern part of the central part

Yanmen Pass has become one of the world's heroes early, and in "Lv's Spring and Autumn", it lists Yanmen Pass as one of the "Nine Concerns of the World". Because the northern part of the Datong Basin is a lower mountain mouth and is easily entered by foreign people, Yanmen Pass has become the most important pass in Shanxi's defense north.

The south of Yanmen Pass is the Xinding Basin. It is Taiyuan from Xinding Basin to south. Therefore, the ancients, also known as Yanmen Pass as "Greater Greater Great Fan Guard, the keys of the inner solid Taiyuan, rooted in three levels, and the throat was promoted." The Ming Dynasty listed the partial pass, Ningwu, and Yanmen as the three levels of the outside world.

During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Shi Jingzheng presented the 16th state of Yanyun to the Khitan. Later, the Northern Song Dynasty failed to recover. He had to take Taiyuan as a heavy town, with the Xinding Basin as the stronghold, and the northern obstruction of Yanmen Pass as the guard. In the war between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Khitan, the story of the famous general Yang Ye was closely linked to Yanmen Pass.

Through this, in fact, after Liu Bangbai Deng was surrounded by Liu Bangbai Deng in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the Western Han Dynasty pursued and pro -pro -procedural policies. Since then, Yanmen has been used as the northern danger to defend the south invasion of the Huns. In the past, Yanmen has been the hero of the north.

The party highland in the southeast

The terrain of the Changzhi Basin and the Jincheng Basin is towering, and it is a high ground surrounded by mountains. At the same time, it overlooks Hebei and Henan. The highest place on the mountain, so it is said to be the party. "At the early days, people had realized that this land had important strategic value.

East of the Shangdang area can pass through Handan and Tancheng, which can be directly inserted through the mouth of the mouth, and can also enter the south of Hebei through the area of ​​Huguan. When the focus of a regime is in the south of Hebei, the threat of this direction is particularly fatal.

During the Warring States Period, Qin Bai rose to cut the wild king of Korea and cut off Taihang Road, so Shangdang County was isolated from South Korea to become "flying land." Shang Dang County led the public to fall Zhao, causing the battle of Qin Zhao Changping. Qin Guo used the terrain to attack Zhao Jun's side wings and back roads, cut off the supply of food and support, and wiped out Zhao Jun in Changping. After that, Qin Jun took advantage of the victory to completely occupy the party and became a base that threatened Zhao Du Handan.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern and Southern Dynasties set off from Jinyang to suppress Ge Rong's insurgents from Jinyang. They went east to the mouth and went to Taihang Mountain to attack the Ge Rong uprising army outside the city. The Northern Zhou Dynasty attacked Beiqi, first broke Pingyang, then broke Jinyang, and then went to Taihang from the east of the mouth to break through the city, destroyed the Northern Qi, and completed the unity of the north.

The Shangdang area can enter the Hanoi region through Baiji and Taihang (Taihang Road). The patio is an important point on the Taihang Road, and it is also an important base for fighting between Shanxi and Henan.

At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu sent Kou Ye and Feng Yi to guard Hanoi according to Hanoi. Feng Yibei attacked the patio and pulled the party, and the Hanoi region was stable.

When Zhu Wen and Li Ke struggled with each other, Taihang Road was also the focus of competition between the two sides. Li Ke used Zhu Wen to attack Cangzhou's time to capture Changzhi, and firmly controlled the party area. Prior to this, Li Ke used Zhu Wen to be contained in Shanxi; after this battle, the situation reversed. Later Tang fully controlled Taihang Mountain, and he could choose to attack Hebei at any time.

Zhao Kuangyin and Chen Qiaobing changed, followed the Zhou Dynasty and established the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, Zhou Zhaoyi made Li Yan from fighting against Zhao Kuangyin in Changzhi. Zhao Kuangyin sent Shi Shouxin to destroy Li Yan, and ordered Shi Shouxin. Well, it is necessary to break it. "Shi Shouxin's troops were in a hurry, and the danger of choking Tianjing was in the danger.

Southwest Linfen Basin, Yuncheng Basin (Hedong area)

Regarding this area, I have previously written an article "Hedong, Hexi, and the Channel Channel". For the full text, please poke Hedong, Hexi, and Lahanhan. A simple narrative here.

The narrow Hedong region can refer to the Linfen Basin+Yuncheng Basin. This area is located in the south of Shanxi. It is an earlier development of Shanxi. The cultivation conditions are superior. There is still salt pond inside the Yuncheng Basin, which is one of the huge economic sources in ancient times. There are also rich mineral resources in the area of ​​Zhongjo.

In terms of terrain, its north can be contacted through the Lingshi Canyon; the east can be connected to the Hanoi region from the Guanguan Takura; there are Zhongjo Mountain and the Yellow River in the south as a barrier. In the meantime.

The west is adjacent to the Yellow River and the Guanzhong area. The Yellow River channel in the west has a pot mouth and Longmen. The water flows are rushing. There are three gates and villas on the Yellow River channel in the south. Several are dangerous. During the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Emperor Zhou Wudi sought Luoyang in the east and went down from the Weihe River. As a result, the ship was very difficult when the ship returned to the water, and had to return to the boat. Therefore, the existence of Hukou and Sanmen makes the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River unable to directly enter the boat, reducing the threat facing the Hedong area.

In addition, after the Yellow River was out of the gate of Yumen (the northwest of Hejin City, the southern end of the Jin Shaanxi Canyon), it originated from the river of Luliang Mountain to the Yellow River. At the same time The traffic in this period of the Yellow River has increased drastically, and the riverbed is extremely unstable, so there is a saying that "30 years in Hedong, 30 years of Hexi". Within hundreds of miles below the Longmen to Pujin, it is the most diverted area in the middle of the Yellow River. There are mostly sands, shallow beaches, and continents on both sides of the strait. It is not conducive to parked the ships on the shore. Only Longmen and Pujin are ideal. The most important thing is Pujindu, which have been built as a heavy town in the past. During the Chu and Han Dynasty, Liu Bang also set up Sanqin and led Cao Shen and the baby to cross the river from Pujin, forced Wei Wangbao, and went out of Hanoi to capture the king of Yin Wang Sima.

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Western Wei Dynasty (Northern Zhou Dynasty) related to the Central China and the Eastern Wei Dynasty (Northern Qi) in Shanxi and Hebei (Northern Qi) in this area were fiercely handled and fiercely struggled. Occupy Pujindu, based on this, gradually occupied Hedong and Jinyang, and eventually perished.

At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan entered Guanzhong from Taiyuan and crossed the river from Pujin. If Tongguan and Langhan are like the main entrance of Guanzhong, then Pujin is its side door.

Taiyuan area

Taiyuan is the focus of the entire Taiyuan Basin and the focus of the entire Shanxi. On the west side of Taiyuan is the stacker of Luliang Mountain. There are also surrounded by the Yellow River outside Luliang Mountain. The possibility of foreign enemies invaded from this direction.

On the east side of Taiyuan, there is a well -to -head of Hebei, where the Zhengding is located. In addition, Jingyu is very dangerous, and it is very difficult to attack from Hebei. This year, I took the high-speed rail from Beijing to Taiyuan. The route was Beijing-Shijiazhuang-Yangquan-Taiyuan. From Shijiazhuang to Taiyuan Railway section, the tunnel kept on the way. It is conceivable.

In other directions in Taiyuan, there are other heavy towns who think of the screen, leading the north to Xinding Basin, with Yanmen and Datong as the barriers; the southwest is the Linfen Basin and Yuncheng Basin. Du Duan is in the meantime; to the southeast is the upper party highland, and the patio is closed, the mouthkin, etc. are all barriers.

In the middle of Shanxi, Taiyuan has screens on all sides, and at the same time, it is enough to respond to all sides to attack. Taiyuan is all fundamental.

Taiyuan City itself is very strong. Taiyuan Yishan is facing the water, and it is easy to defend. Zhibo attacked Zhao Xiangzi here to lead Fen Shui Guancheng, but he never broke the city. Instead, Zhao Guo persuaded his allies Wei Guo and South Korea. Three strong attacks in Taiyuan failed to break the city.

Therefore, it is good to operate Taiyuan, you can sit in Shanxi very well, and operate Shanxi and other separators to fight for power.

Zhu Rong, the northern Wei Dynasty, rose in Shanxi, broke Ge Rong in the east, and the east of Yan Ji, the west fixed Guanlong, and the situation of Luoyang two down in Henan. After Er Zhu Rong's death, Gao Huan continued, and he also established the Grand Prime Minister's Mansion with the four plugs of Jinyang. After the division of the Northern Wei Dynasty, although the Eastern Wei Dynasty took the city as the capital, Gao Huan, Gao Cheng, and Gao Yang both sat in Jinyang, and their status was not the accompanying capital.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan started his troops from Taiyuan and established the Tang Dynasty. Soon after Li Yuan entered the pass, Liu Wuzhou attracted Turkic southward, captured Taiyuan, and occupied most of Shanxi. Li Yuan wanted to give up Shanxi. Li Shimin strongly opposed it. And abandoning it, the minister stole the resentment. May the fake ministers of the soldiers 30,000, he will be peaceful, and the Fufen and Jin. Li Yuan sent Li Shimin to conquer Liu Wuzhou and successfully recover Shanxi. Later, Tang set up Taiyuan to Beidu.

The fundamental meaning of Taiyuan as the country is vividly reflected in the Anshi Rebellion. In the early days of the Anshi rebels, Lian Rubei and Henan region, but the offense against Shanxi was repelled by Guo Ziyi and Li Guangzheng. Since then, Guo Ziyi and Li Guangzhang have repeatedly used Taiyuan as a base, and they went out of the well, attacking the enemy after the enemy, making the enemy's army tired and becoming the most important force for the rebellion.

Source: Zhihu author Wenyu

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