Father Chuanzi Cheng Li Bone Bone Bone Skills Non -Heritage Arts and Heritage

The Li nationality is the earliest living nation on Hainan Island. A nation with language and no text belongs to the Chinese Tibetan family. It mainly lives in nine cities including Sanya City, Wuzhishan City, Oriental City, Qiongzhongli Miao Autonomous County, Baoting Li Miao Autonomous County, Lingshuili Autonomous County, Ledongli Autonomous County, Changjiang Li Autonomous County, and Baishali Autonomous County. According to the differences in living areas, customs, and clothing, the Li people are divided into five dialects such as Ha, Qi, Run, Mobil, and Sai. "Li" said that he began in the Song Dynasty in the late Tang Dynasty. In the long history of historical development, the hard -working, honest, simple and kind Li people have been passed down on the hot soil of Hainan, creating a gorgeous and unique national culture.

In the excellent traditional culture of the Li nationality, there are many types of intangible cultural skills. Among them, the Li ethnic double -sided embroidery and bone carving skills are the representative intangible cultural heritage of the Li nationality's folk craftsmanship. Run Fang Yan mainly lives in Baisha Li Autonomous County. The Li ethnic bone carving is a carving art based on animal bones as a carrier. The bone osteophytes, bone comb, bone forks, horn horn, gunpowder barrier and other bone utensils such as bulls and deer bones are carved and grinded. Essence The Li nationality is a gorgeous strangeness in the excellent traditional culture of the Li nationality. After being included in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list in 2021, it gradually became the elemental symbol of cultural Hainan, just like the Li nationality brocade.

The history of the long history

Historical documents are clearly recorded for the use of bone and haircuts of the Li people. The Han Dynasty "Han Shu · Geography" records: "The people are served as a single quilt, and wearing the central government as the first clothes ... The soldiers are contradictory, the wooden crossbow, the bamboo ya, or the bone are 镞 ...". Song · Le Shi's "Taiping Huanyu Ji · Lingnan Road · Qiongzhou Thirteen" Volume 169 records: "Qiongzhou Li, men are having hair, first combing ...". Song Zhou Xunfei "Answers in Ridge · Foreign Foreign and Overseas Li Ban" Volume: "Lishu, vertebrae, naked and lined with Jibei. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Li nationality was recorded. The Qing people Qu Dajun's "Guangdong New Language" volume seven -containing "Li people" cloud: "When the forehead is made, there are gold and silver or cow bones. ","

These historical literatures record the customs of Li people with vertebral buns with fragmented texts. Although there are not many contents, it is simple to describe, but it is an important historical information about understanding and knowing the Li nationality. The Li nationality was the earliest ancestor to develop Hainan Island. It was difficult to accurately record their history because they did not have their own text. The "Map of the Li of the Qing Dynasty" edited by Fu Guihua can be found in some related imprints. The album of "The Customs Map of the Qing Dynasty" collected a total of 49 colored paintings such as the "Qiongzhou Harilu", "Qiongli List", and "Qiongli Customs" drawn by the Anonymous of the Qing Dynasty. The form of the form of the Li nationality is the album. From the album, you can appreciate the image of the Li nationality's "vertebrae", and you can clearly see that the Li women in the format have not inserted it, which effectively proves the signs of the Qing Dynasty men's buns. Fu Guihua mentioned in the book "Hainan Li Tu": "With the change of men's hairstyles, the Li nationality bone bone has gradually become the Li ethnic women, especially the Li nationality dialects, with their unique shapes, exquisite patterns and detailed carving workers. Women love and retain precious head jewelry so far. "

Ingenious production skills

The production skills of the Li ethnic group are generally the father of the father, the crystallization of the wisdom of the Li people. In the collection of cultural relics in 2017, the author solicited Wang Qimin (the late) of the non -genetic inheritance of the Li ethnic bone bone bone bone bone, and Fu Mingzhuang's representative works totaling 33 pieces, and the corresponding bone -rear collection files were established. On this basis, related field investigations were carried out, and the non -genetic inheritance of the bone boneya was interviewed, and the craftsmanship process and decoration connotation of the bone pupae was sorted out.

The Li ethnic bone bone is a bone carving skill. It is carved by multiple production processes such as bone, washing, abandoning, cutting, plastic surgery, grinding, drilling, and decorative dyeing. The production of bone 步 requires the following steps: First, wash and remove fat. Put your bones in the water soaked or boiled to remove the residual ease of corruption in the bone. Second, interception. According to the required specifications and sizes, the aggregate is cut into three to four long bones. Third, integer. Made the bone 制 把 into a model, a single or double -person. Fourth, grinding. Various bones must be polished and polished. Fifth, drilling carving. Drill the pillet on the polished bone and carve the traditional pattern of the body. Sixth, decoration or coloring. Use a plant dyeing agent called "black smoke", apply it on the engraved fairy, and then close it with the melted beeswax to form a black, blue, and white pattern map. The bone buns are generally 15-20 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, and 0.7-1 cm thick.

Li nationality single bone bone 单

Li Two

In the representative works of the Li ethnic group, the human shape bone bone is named after the appearance of a person's head. From the appearance, it is divided into single -person bone 簪 and double bone bone. The structure is divided into three sections according to the map. In the upper paragraph, the high hat or high -dial knot worn on the top of the human head, a few small holes on the edge, tied beads, bells, and tassels as decoration. Geometric patterns. The middle section is a portrait portrait, with a single avatar and a double avatar. The two -person avatar is separated from the neck above the neck. Portrait highlights the characteristics of the face: thick eyebrows, nose like eagle hooks, must be like rolling waves, extraordinary gas. The body part is relatively small, the proportion is equivalent to the avatars. He is wearing armor and a sword with a waist and a gorgeous crossbow on his back. The lower paragraph accounts for about 1/2 of the length of the puppet, which is divided into different grids according to the curve change. The patterns carved in each grid are different, and there are various animal patterns, water ripples, geometric patterns, circle patterns, and cross patterns. The osteotomy is chic, the plant carvings are fine, the pattern is exquisite, and the connotation is rich. The cross -carving and transparent carving process are used to add and complement each other, and the artistic style is unique. Single -headed bone 簪 structure schematic diagram

Double -headed bone 簪 structure schematic diagram

The custom of humanoid heads stems from people's worship of their ancestors. Legend has it that the head of the official hat on the official hat is the ancient Thunder (also known as the King of Thunder), which is the god of thunder in the myth, commonly known as Thunder Gong; or a tribe leader named "General Manager III". Sorry for the people's trouble is the hero of the Li people worshiped in ancient times. In order to keep the descendants from the world forever, the folk artists carefully engraved the idol on the head to show worship and commemoration of the time.

The skills of the Li ethnic groups pay attention to the elements of lines, composition, technique, layout and other elements. Taking the works of the Li ethnic -level non -genetic inheritance of the Li nationality of the Hainan Provincial Museum (hereinafter referred to as the Hainan Minbo), there are no two exactly the same bone bone, and each inheritor will carve according to his aesthetic concept. Judging from the composition and layout of the graph design, the bone 簪 从 can be divided into four types. They are human patterns, animal patterns, plant patterns, and geometric patterns. Human patterns are the main body of bone puppet decorations. Animal patterns, plant patterns, and geometric patterns are used as auxiliary companion.

The samples of the 从 样 from content to display forms are derived from the living customs of the Li nationality dialect. As a exquisite headgear, the Li nationality Run Fangyan women will wear bone puppets in major activities such as relatives, weddings, festivals, etc. The bones have become an important symbol of the traditional costumes of the Li nationality. It is worth mentioning that although the Li bone bone 簪 and the Li nationality brocade, they are two very different carriers, but on the samples of the bones and brocade maps, they all have the legend of worshiping heroes. The "Thunder" or "General Management III" maps on the bone ““, although the content and forms reflected are different, they are all heroes in the legend of admiration, praise and worship, reflecting the moral concepts and aesthetic interest of the Li people. Express the good desire to pursue happiness and happiness, and avoid evil.

The protection inheritance is urgent

In September 2005, the Baishali bone production skills were selected into the first batch of Hainan intangible cultural heritage list; in June 2021, the fifth batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative project list was selected. The author learned from the relevant information of the Baishali Autonomous County that there are only three county -level Li ethnic bone carving techniques in the county, and the current situation of the protection of bone 簪 skills is not optimistic. From September to November 2017, in order to consolidate the business foundation, Hainan Minbo strengthened the excavation and protection of the cultural heritage of the Li nationality, and carried out the representative bone carving works of the non -genetic inheritance of the bone bone bone bone 簪 201. Exhibitions and special investigations drive ethnic research to call on the whole society to attach importance to the protection of the Hainan national cultural heritage.

From the perspective of the existing research results, although the research of the Li ethnic bone 簪 从 从 从 从 从 has the level of government departments and the personal academic works of scholars, but its development trajectory, cultural characteristics, cultural and creative products research and development, etc., need to be further explored. Since the production skills of the Li ethnic bone artifacts in June 2021 were included in the national non -heritage, the protection and inheritance of the Li ethnic bone 簪 skills gradually attracted the attention and attention of all sectors of society. Taking Hainan Minbo as an example, it has carried out the collection and special cultural investigation of the Li nationality. Collecting and sorting out first -hand research materials will help protect the excellent traditional cultural heritage of the Li nationality, enrich the content of the exhibition exhibition, and strengthen the academic research and public awareness of the Li nationality culture. In the next step, Hainan Minbo will solicit the representative physical objects of the Li ethnic bone carving inheritance, and use the method of video, recording, and text records to describe the shape, texture, pattern, application, etc. of each bone carving work to fully tap The story behind it allows the public to further understand the historical origin and technical characteristics of the Li ethnic bone carving. At the same time, a group of Li ethnic groups with the characteristics of the Li nationality of Hainan, such as the "March 3rd" festival and Hainan Happy Festival, will launch the characteristics of Hainan Li ethnic groups. In addition, the museum will use the museum as the display platform, so that the representative inheritance of the Li nationality to demonstrate the carving skills and dyeing skills on the spot, and let the audience experience the production process of the bone 簪. (Author: Zhao Jiabiao, published on August 30th Edition 7)

Edit: Lu Yang Luo Siqi

Review: Feng Chaohui

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