Accelerate the process of civilization in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, "Camel Poors" to make up for Taihu Culture Lack of Culture

Editor's note: "Millions of human history, cultural history of 10,000 years, and history of more than 5,000 years", Chinese civilization is the unique spiritual logo of the Chinese nation. In the process of formation and development of the diversified pattern of Chinese civilization, the "hometown of fish and rice" has important historical contributions and unique positions in the regional civilization breeding regional civilization. New Jiangsu • Jiangsu.com, "Learning Powerful Power" Jiangsu learning platform launched the "Exploration of Jiangsu · E -Archaeological" large -scale melting media operations to take you to explore unknown, reveal the origin, understand the origin, formation and development of the regional civilization of Jiangsu, feel the development, and feel the experience, feel the feelings The source of Chinese civilization is long and profound.

In Tangnan Natural Village, Yixing Xinjie Street, Jiangsu, a white waterbird passed through the picked picked rice fields. The memory of rice fish.

One lake is divided, "camel pier" fills the prehistoric gap in western Taihu Lake

Taihu, known as Zhenze in ancient times, gradually became a pearl inland millions of years ago. If a vertical line that runs north and south in the middle of Taihu Lake can be divided into two east and west areas.

After the 1970s, in the east of the Taihu area, the excavation of the Majiabang site was in full swing, and the west was in silence for a long time. Prior to the discovery of the camel pier site, prehistoric archeology history around Taihu Lake was blank. Who would have expected a very different cultural context on this area where the mountain transition from the mountain to the plain.

In the 1970s, a local brick factory in Yixing took the soil in the camel pier and found a large number of stone tools, pottery, and jade. From November 2001 to July 2002, the Nanjing Museum Institute of Archeology and Yixing City Cultural Management Association formed a joint archeological team to actively explore the place.

Among the excavation area of ​​1309 square meters, archeologists were surprised to find that none of the bottom kettle with the cultural characteristics of Majiabang's cultural characteristics in the east of Taihu Lake, which replaced the complete flat bottom kettle. The simple cultural appearance allows people to review the history of the new stone in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 7,000 to 6000 years. This excavation is also listed as one of the "six most important archeological discoveries in the country in 2002".

Since the excavation of the Camel Poona site for 20 years, Jiangsu archeologists have been excavated many times along the transition zone of the Taihu Plain along the low hills in the western part of Taihu Lake. More clearer. From 2018 to 2020, in the Dongtanhead site under the ground underground of Yicheng Mountain, it even revealed the largest room site and coffin burial area of ​​the Camel Hun culture.

Drinking a lake water is not a group of people. The academic circles generally believe that during this period, the camel pier, the three -legged culture of the Camel Poona, and the culture of Majiabang. "The Camel Host Cultural Restaurant represents the new type of archeological culture of the Neolithic Archaeological Culture, which transitions to the plain in the western mountains of Taihu Lake, fills the gap of prehistoric archeology culture around Taihu Western Lake, and successfully connects the loop of the research in the cultural circle of the Taihu Basin. It proves that the Yangtze River Basin is one of the origin of the Chinese nation's civilization. "In the excavation report, Lin Liugen, the director of the Archaeological Research Institute of the Nanjing Museum, wrote the archeological team of the leader," The discovery of the Camel Poon Cultural Site is more deeply studying. It is of great significance to spectrum, source, coexistence and exchanges in the neolithic culture of the new stone era in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. "

Prehistoric hotpot? The flat bottom waist eaves are the "favorite" of the ancients of Taihu Western Lake

The people are the most obvious difference between the people, and the most obvious difference between the western and eastern part of Taihu Lake is the "pot" for cooking, that is, the kettle.

Simply put, the pottery in the Taihu area shows the style of "Dongzhang and Xiping". The kettle in the eastern part of Taihu is the bottom of the cricket. The arc -shaped bottom requires a bracket to stand. The kettle in the western part of Taihu is a flat bottom, similar to our flat soup pot today, which can be placed directly. According to the shape, the flat bottom kettle can be divided into cylindrical kettle and tank -shaped kettle. Generally, there are 2 or 4 huts on the neck, which is convenient for taking hands. There is a circle of waist eaves in the middle of the kettle.

"The waist eaves may be a bracket that can burn the cocks on the stove. Said, this circle of waist eaves may be used to put on meat. When the ancients gathered together, they put the ingredients on the eaves of the waist, a bit like today's hot pot. "In the late stage, for the convenience of use, the waist eaves of the flat bottom kettle were used. Gradually thicker, a few mud strips are attached to some eaves to strengthen, which may be to leave a certain gap between the body and the stove to play a role in regulating the air and increasing the flame.

Compatible with the flat -bottomed kettle, pottery stoves are becoming popular. "We restore the cord residue films of the kettle, and the diameter of the large pottery stove can reach 30 to 40 cm." Hu Yingfang, an associate researcher at the Nanjing Museum and the leader of Dongtanhead site. With the development of production tools, a life that has not been paused has gone away, and people have eaten "big pot rice". "Judging from the recovery kettle in the later period, the amount of cooking is very large. Some of the storageware that should be grain should be evident."

There are also more than 2,000 carbonized rice in the camel pier site, and the marks of rice shells and rice leaves are densely covered with the marks of rice shells and rice leaves. "At that time, rice agriculture was already very developed. In addition to the evolution of wild rice, there were also artificial breeding and cultivation of japonica rice." Hu Yingfang said.

Animal bones, such as cattle, elk, sika deer, pig, dog, cricket, carp, etc. In a tomb of Dongtanhead, a large number of pottery pendants tied to the fishing net around the body of the tomb owner were reasonably speculated that the fishing player should be a good fishing player during his lifetime.

It is conceivable that people were busy in rice fields at that time, and occasionally fishing and collection. After a day of hard work, we gathered around the flat bottoming kettle, cooking and eating meat, and comfortable.

"Hanging Foot Tower" becomes a "bungalow", and people from the residence to live

Thousands of years ago, the Taihu Lake region experienced several sudden drops and rising temperatures, and the sea level changes were obvious. The western part of Taihu was located at the junction of low mountains, hills and water township plains, and the terrain was relatively high. People adapt to local conditions and cleverly built a ventilation residence with the resources at hand.

25 seats were found in the residential area of ​​the Dongtanhead site, which clearly outline the history of the evolution of people's house construction in western Taihu western in the west of Taihu Lake.

At first, the dry -column building was a universal room type in the settlement. "People insert bamboo or wooden sticks on the ground as pile woods, and then shelves on the beams, and use reeds or grass as walls and roofs." Hu Yingfang pointed at the intensive distribution of pillar holes in the archeological excavation photo.

In the middle period, manpower and material resources have improved significantly. On the basis of the column, people began to try to build a wall. "We can see the shallow base of thirty or forty centimeters wide, which is closer to the pillar pit. People fill the soil behind the pillars, like a mud, and finally burn it over with fire, so a large amount of braised soil blocks are left in the potholes. "

In the late stage, the pillar hole almost disappeared, and the base groove wall became the main support structure. On the soil layer of the site, the base groove of more than one meter is made of four walls. People have built four or four squares of houses, leaving doorway in the southwest direction. Some houses can clearly see the partitions, a row of three open rooms, and two walls in front and back. It is likely that people lived a "group house" at that time.

"In order to prevent moisture, people also mixed with hacks, snail shells, and clay as materials for building houses and paving roads." Hu Yingfang added.

The unique coffin burial, the ethnic group ushered in the eve of social differentiation

For death, different ethnic groups have different understandings, and they have also given birth to a different style of funeral habit. Different from the popularity of the Majiabang culture, the tombs of the camel pier culture are mostly burial on the body.

More unique is the coffin burial. When infants and young children died in the settlement, the pottery kettle with different shapes in daily life became a "small bed" for children's sleep. In the coffin funeral area of ​​the Camel Poona site, the flat waist eaves with the lid with a lid have been found, the flat waist eaves are buckled upside down, and the surface of the pottery bean has a small hole. In the eyes of the ancients, this may be the soul in and out. aisle.

During the excavation of the Dongtan head site, the east edge of the residential area was set up with 56 pots placed with fastened pots, and some infant bones were residual in some kettle. Such a large -scale independent coffin funeral area was first discovered during the Camelun culture period. "Among the Camel Poona cultural sites that were excavated before, the scattered scattered coffin was distributed around the house building or adult tomb area; the coffin funeral group found in the Dongtantou site was concentrated in the northeast corner of the residential area. At this time, the scale of the settlement has expanded, the population has become more, and there are obvious functional partitions. "Hu Yingfang said.

In addition, the phenomenon of human bone misalignment or loss in some tombs. Experts speculate that the settlement conflict may occur during his lifetime or after death, and the social class differentiation is about to arrive the eve of the day before.

In the late stage of the camel pier culture, the flat bottom was gradually replaced by Ding, and the stability pattern of east -west east -west in the Taihu Lake Basin no longer existed. With the emergence of ancient culture in Ningzhen, the entire Taihu Lake Basin has changed drastically. The Camelun Culture and Majiabang Culture have gradually merged, laying a solid foundation for the formation of the Songze cultural circle in the Taihu Lake Basin, accelerating the civilization process of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and eventually led to the threshold of Liangzhu culture into the era of civilization. It was written in the history of Chinese civilization.

New Jiangsu · China Jiangsu.com reporter Xu Chunhui/Wen Hu Qiuyang/Video

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