The Millennium Canal runs through the ancient and modern Jiangnan pulse

The Grand Canal, more than 2,500 years up and down, stretched for more than 3,000 kilometers. 8 provinces and cities flowing through Chinese territory are World Cultural Heritage and the symbol of Chinese civilization. The Qingbo Pulse was connected in ancient times and modern times. The Jiangnan Canal, which was excavated during the pre -Qin period, was one of the components of the Grand Canal of China, and connected various cities in the south of the river like a pearl. The Grand Canal brings the source of the taste of urban development, and it is the Qingliu flow of the city. It has brought the thousands of years of bustling Jiangnan and witnessed the changes of Jiangnan cities. To this day, the Jiangnan Canal is always the busiest channel for transportation in the Beijing -Hangzhou Canal, playing an irreplaceable role in regional economic and social life.

Xu Rui Photo Visual Jiangsu Network Pictures

The source of the prosperous society and economy live water

The resource advantages formed by the Jiangnan Canal and the Yangtze River and Jiangnan Nature Water Network are the living water of Jiangnan's social and economic prosperity. From the Jiangnan Canal, from Jiangsu Zhenjiang in the north, around the east bank of the Taihu Lake, the states, Wuxi, Suzhou, and Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and the three major rivers and lakes in the Yangtze River, Taihu and Qiantang River. From an economic perspective, water transportation is the most convenient and cheap in all transportation. Since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the Jiangnan Canal and the natural rivers and lakes have built a huge water network, forming a flood -transported water transportation network, which laid the natural and human ecology of the Ze State of the Water Village. The Jiangnan Canal, which began to excavate dredging in the Sui Dynasty, was included in the unified transportation system in the country. It was the most important transport waterway in the canal in many Jiangnan regions.

In the Yangtze River Delta, the Jiangnan Canal and the Yangtze River opened the most important water system skeleton in the entire Jiangnan region. Together, they together constitute the source of living water that affects the prosperity of Jiangnan. Mr. Shi Nianhai, a well -known historical geography scientist in my country, once said: "The traffic during the Sui and Tang dynasties was quite developed, and the water traffic in the canal and the Yangtze River was particularly called by later generations. The canal have different channels, and the channels can be connected to each other."

Take Wusongjiang, one of the three rivers as an example. The nickname "Songjiang" of Wusongjiang is actually the name of the "Songjiang House" in the ancient administration of the ancient administration of Shanghai. The offshore of the lower reaches of the Wusongjiang River is called "Shanghai Dudu" and is the source of the name of Shanghai. According to information, the Shanghai section of the Wusong River (Suzhou River) is the earliest industrial zone in Shanghai in modern times. During the Republic of China, there were processing factories of shipbuilding, flour, cotton textiles, silk weaving, chemical, metallurgy machinery, and even hydropower coal appliances. Line, concentrated thousands of factories, including textile factories, flour factories, match factories, steel factories, mints, beer factories, radio plants, pharmaceutical plants, petrochemical machinery equipment factories, etc., all of them were in Shanghai and even A record in the history of industrial economy.

Taking Suzhou as an example, Suzhou is known as the "Water Yun Ancient City", and its "water and land double chessboard" urban pattern has continued to this day. "Jun to Gu Sujian, people can pillow the river", "The east of the green waves, the southwest of the south, and the 390 bridges of the red column". The rivers and criss -crossed water alleys and river channels are connected to a world of unparalleled water village world. The canal system of the Golden Waterway, the style water system of the ancient town of the water villages, the water system in the town and four straight cities, and the garden water system built by water. The structure of various types of water systems complement each other and integrates it, forming a group of rare oriental water cities in the world. Essence Relying on such a water network system, Suzhou has become an important distribution center and central place for personnel and logistics in history. With the help of the Grand Canal, Yunyun and Sea Transport have formed a linkage effect of each other in Suzhou, laying a solid economic foundation for the unified society and markets of the north -south materials, and shaping the unified social and market in the country.

The fertile soil that bred Jiangnan culture

The Grand Canal, especially the Changda River in the Jiangnan Canal, gave birth to a fertile soil for the development of Jiangnan culture. Jiangnan is a place that is born of water and flourish according to the water. The Grand Canal has nourished Jiangnan's economic development. Most of the periods of historical long river, the war along the Jiangnan Canal was relatively rare. With the "Yongjia Rebellion", "Anshi Rebellion" and "Jingkang's Rebellion", three times moved south, and the population in the Jiangnan region grew rapidly. According to historical records, "Pingjiang, Chang, Run, Lake, Hangzhou, Ming, Yue, the name of the scholars, the scholar, the world, the world is more avoided here." At the same time, the developed water transportation has spawned the buds and development of commercial civilization, and the frequent exchanges of economic and culture of North and South have made Jiangnan the economic and cultural center of ancient China along the canal region. zone. The Korean native Cui Ye had a paragraph in his "Drifting Haiku": "Suzhou was known as Wu Hui in ancient times, east of the sea, controlled the three rivers, brought five lakes, Wo Ye Qianli, and the treasures of the scholars. Pearl jade, hundreds of engineering skills, wealthy businessmen, all of them. Since ancient times, the world has been in the south of the world as the beauty land, and the Jiangnan is the first state in the south of the river. This city is the most. Mumsuka, gathered in the spokes. It is also bright in the lake and mountains, and the scenery is all -round. "

Xu Yang, a court painter of the Qing Dynasty, used 24 years to draw a total length of 1225 cm, which was twice as long as the "Qingming Shanghe Tu". picture". The picture starts from Lingyan Mountain. It travels eastward by Mudu Town, crossing Hengshan, crossing stone lakes, calendar upper mountains, and between the two mountains and two mountains. The streets, from Huqiu Mountain, the brushes, dozens of miles of lakes and mountains, water villages, rural areas, villages and town cities, and social style jumping on paper. This painting is one of the best materials for studying the Jiangnan Canal and Jiangnan culture, but it is also one of the best expressions in Jiangnan culture. According to the statistics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties Title, 51,681 people accepted the nationwide of the Ming and Qing dynasties, of which 24,866 were in the Ming Dynasty and 26,815 in the Qing Dynasty. Jiangnan passed a total of 7,877 scholars, accounting for 15.24%of the country, of which 3864 were in the Ming Dynasty, 15.54%of the country, and 4013 in the Qing Dynasty, accounting for 14.95%of the country. Overall, every 7 scholars in the Ming and Qing dynasties have one from Jiangnan.

British cultural scientist Taylor proposed the early classic theory of "narrow culture" in the book "Primitive Culture", that is, culture is obtained by knowledge, belief, art, morality, law, customs, and anyone as a member of a social member. Complexity including abilities and habits. Jiangnan culture, as part of China's excellent traditional culture, has many cultural categories, profound cultural connotations, and high cultural quality. To some extent, it has surpassed the culture itself and exists in all sophisticated, elegant, livable, poems, poems In the hearts of Chinese people.

People in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, who have a certain culture, who have been in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, who have been in the official, can be said that the canal "connects the north and south of China, connects China and the world, and concentratedly shows the politics, economy, and economy of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Cultural and diplomatic mileage human precious heritage ".

The inexhaustible motivation to spread Jiangnan culture

The circulation of the Jiangnan Canal has opened the channel for the output and blending of Jiangnan culture. In fact, after the entire Grand Canal, it not only became the transportation line on the north of the south, but also the largest channel for commodity exchanges between north and south. In fact, as the major traffic artery of ancient China, the culture of the Grand Canal has never stopped. For example, Mr. Weng Junxiong said: "After Dezong Xingyuan, Luohe has resumed. Since then, passengers from north to the north have passed on this way."

Not only the Tang and Song dynasties. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Jiangnan's economic and cultural development had achieved higher levels of development, and the significance of the transportation hub of the Grand Canal became more important.

Taking Kunqu as an example, after the rise of Kunqu during the Jiajing period, in the end of the Ming Dynasty, "the opera of today's Beijing Normal University, the Kunqian cavity is expensive", and the grand occasion of "how many Beijingers, learning aunts Su language" appeared for a while. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Xu Shuzheng said: "The Quartet songs, the martial arts, Wumen, who hesitated to heavily, teach his tricks.

In the north of the Jiangnan culture represented by Kunqu opera, the canal played a very important role. In addition, Su Shi, Su Yi, Su Jiu, Wu Yan, Su Zuo, etc. also spread to all parts of the country through the canal, so that Wang Shixia during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty said: For the right to advance and retreat, the Su people think that those who are elegant, then the Quartet is casual, the vulgar, then the vulgarity .... Another example is Zhai Touqing, several cases, and beds, which are recently with rosewood and rosewood. There is no carving in ancient times, that is, there are carvings, and they are also discussing the formats of the Qin and Han dynasties. The remote and far -reaching effects in the country are also special. This is also the Jialong Wanwan Dynasty. " It was once spread to Japan, North Korea, Ryukyu, and Western European countries because of its charm. Women have fat powder, the lacquer workers must have gold and silver foil, and they are also made of martial arts;

And because of the canal, the road of Jiangnan culture was unblocked in the north, and scholars in the Central Plains region went south because of admiration and pursuing Jiangnan culture. Drama, Kong Shangren, wrote in the "Guo Kuangshan Guangling Gift Preface": "There are five major metropolis in the world, and scholars must swim, Yantai, Jinling, Weiyang, Wumen, and Wulin." Three of them are Canal City City And concentrated in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. In this way, the good line of cultural exchanges and integration is formed. In the integration of culture, the excellent traditional culture of China has been further integrated.

In 1843, Shanghai officially opened. Foreign forces entered, opened the concession, and obtained the rights of shipping along the coast and the Yangtze River, bringing industrialization factors. Professor Wang Jian of the Jiangsu Academy of Social Sciences explained: "The rise of Shanghai marks the area of ​​China's economic center of gravity from the" canal era 'to' Jianghai Times'. " The Yangtze River Delta region of the center has been connected from the end and the same roots. It should be said that since the Song Dynasty, from the Song Dynasty, in Suzhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Shanghai since the Republic of China, and the modern Yangtze River Delta integrated urban agglomeration, the urban expression of Jiangnan culture was presented in the ups and downs of the millennium canal. Xiong Yuezhi, the former deputy dean of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences and a special professor of Fudan University, has a brilliant discussion about this: "In the context of the Song Dynasty 'City Revolution", the city of Jiangnan gradually replaced the original cultural functions of rural areas, especially with the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the past, a large number of rural gentlemen moved to towns, and the most essential parts of Jiangnan culture have shifted to cities and towns. Modern Haipai culture also inherits the urban culture directly from Jiangnan. "Therefore, in the new era, the construction of the Grand Canal Culture Belt and Jiangnan Culture The brand building, the “Belt and Road” initiative, and the cooperative development of national strategies such as integrated with the Yangtze River Delta and the coordinated development of Beijing -Tianjin -Hebei, etc., brighten the golden signboard of the Chinese Grand Canal, and make a bigger in international vision and strengthen the “Jiangnan Culture "The brand is not only the need for salary and fire to activate millennium cultural resource assets, but also a strategic choice for the future to enhance cultural self -confidence and high -quality economic and social development.

Chen Xuan (the author is deputy secretary -general and professor of Shihu Think Tank, Suzhou Vocational University, Deputy Dean of the Grand Canal Cultural Belt Construction Research Institute.)

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