Lile and Music Shandong ｜ Rizhao: Rhyme pick -Eggshell Pottery Handmade Skills

Tao culture is an important source of Chinese ancient civilization. Rizhao Black Pottery is the most typical utensils of Longshan culture. Eggshell pottery is a symbol of the fines, power and status of this era.

Archaeological discovery: As early as the period of Beixin culture, pottery in the Rizhao area was generally used. The important Longshan Cultural Site in Rizhao's 800 places, the unearthed utensils are mainly pottery. Most of the pottery is the main surface of the dark sandy ceramics and the black light mud pottery.

Egg shell pottery began to appear in the late Dawenkou culture. During the Longshan culture period, the egg shell pottery was the most abundant. The high -handle hollow egg shell ceramic cup unearthed from the Donghai Yilongshan Cultural Site has no glazed and black black hairstyles, thin tires and hard texture. The essence of the world is a must, it is a precious cultural relic, and is now stored in the National Museum.

According to the existing archeological data, although the Longshan era was unearthed without eggshell pottery, black pottery was always used as an important use of human production and life, and the traditional black pottery production skills of the basic content of eggshell pottery production skills were inherited and developed. During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Rizhao Zangjiayao, Tianjiayao, Zhujiayao, Xujiayao and other villages in the villages of villages in villages have been inherited to this day.

Beginning in the 1970s, the Rizhao Cultural Department started to discover, research and develop Longshan Cultural Black Pottery skills, and established the "Rizhao Longshan Cultural Black Pottery Craft Research Institute". In 2005, the "Rizhao Black Pottery Research Center" was established at the Rizhao Museum. So far, more than 20 manufacturers of black pottery production manufacturers in the Rizhao area have been developed.

Egg shell pottery is the top production of black pottery production skills. The skills require the most high -end in the black pottery production process.

1. Model art:

The eggshell cups are beautiful, simple, elegant, with various forms and their own characteristics. Emphasizing the combination of square circles in the shape, the proportion of the cup body and the handle and the base is coordinated. Rong ancient pottery craftsmanship and practicality and craftsmanship.

2. Process process:

Select mud, mud, sleeping mud, mud training, formation, grinding, drying, and firing.

3. Production method:

① Selection of mud: mainly with small neutral clay.

② Overd the mud: Stir with water with water and mix into mud, and use a filter to filter the mud to the sedimentation tank to precipitate.

③ Sleeping mud: After the mud is precipitated, it becomes mud -shaped, cut into mud blocks and seal it with a sealing bag, and then put it in the seal cellar for more than a year (the longer the time, the better).

④ Practice mud: Take out the appropriate amount of sleeping mud and knead on the chopping board until the mud water is uniform and flexible.

⑤ Storm:

Method 1: Rotation: Take an appropriate amount of mud to place the center of the rotor, rotate the wheel disk, pull the mud into a cup type blank, and separate the blank from the wheel with thin lines.

Method 2, printed blanks: Hand -shaped into a cup -shaped billet, and then turned into a model mold; take an appropriate amount to practice mud into pieces and press the model on the model model.

Method three: grouting: Take the model of the model, irrigate the model with mud, and pour out the excess mud in time to absorb the mud molding blank on the model.

⑥ grind: two types of pressure grinding and rubbing. Press the grinding, use a hard and smooth surface material, grind it on the seventh to 80 % dry molding blanks to light; wipe, use the soft cloth material, wipe it on the seventh to 80 % dry molding blank until glossy black.

⑦ drying: Place the grinding molding blank and dry it naturally, and then place it under the sun before firing.

⑧ Boil: First use firewood to dry the tide in the kiln, place the dried molding blanks in the kiln, add firewood to transparent red, and seal the kiln carburizing.

4. Burning technique:

The method of carburizing the cigarette smoke of the high -temperature sealing kiln.

① Building kiln: Build a kiln body with hard materials into a tank shape. A quarter of the lower quarter is the kiln pond above the fire pond. It is isolated with pottery slices in the middle. The kiln mouth can be on the top or one side.

② Put the kiln: first use the firewood to dry the moisture in the kiln, place the dry molding blank, place the kiln, first place the large piece and put the small pieces, leave the gap between the blank, and seal the kiln mouth.

③ Burning kiln: It is best to use pine branches as the fuel, and began to heat up high -temperature firing when it is heated until the billet is red.

④ Sealing kiln tobacco carburizing: When the high temperature is burned to red, the pine needle leaves are added to the fire pond to make it smoke. Raice the blank.

⑤ Out of the kiln: The kiln can be produced after carburizing for more than ten hours.

5. Basic types:

At present, most of them use traditional rotation and grouting technology to make different specifications of imitation egg shell pottery. There are three major series of antique, transplantation, and innovation, including more than 300 varieties such as ordinary black pottery, eggshell pottery, roasted color, and other categories.

6. Appliances used:

Manual rotor (modern multi -electric fast wheels), model molds, sedimentation tanks, mud pressing machines, carved knives, polishing deities (polishing rods, pebbles), etc.

7, device type:

The works include pots, tanks, cylinders, cups and other daily necessities; antique products such as eggshell cups, crickets, tripods, and beans; crafts such as vases, characters, animals.

Inheritance status:

The production of eggshell pottery in Rizhao District has a long history. During the development of inheritance, the Longshan culture period was its heyday, and later inherited from the traditional folk black pottery production skills. Rizhao currently has Zangjiayao, Tianjiayao, Zhujiayao, Xujiayao and other villages, which are engaged in the black pottery burning industry.

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