Millennium canal Runjiangnan

The night of the Grand Canal Cultural Park in the Three Bay Parks of the Canal in Yangzhou, Jiangsu. Qi Liguang Photo Visual Jiangsu Network Pictures

On the Chinese land, there is a great project comparable to the Great Wall. This is the Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal. As China's only north -south water traffic road, the Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the five major water systems including the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and the Yangtze River. Its value is irreplaceable and still play a huge role. In June 2014, the Chinese Grand Canal was successfully applied and was included in the "World Cultural Heritage" list. The Chinese Grand Canal is the earliest excavation, the longest mileage, the largest scale, and the highest utilization rate. However, who is in history and where is the first soil in the Grand Canal?

"Zuo Zhuan · Ai Gong Nine Years" records, "Autumn, Wu Chengzheng, communicating with Jianghuai." The nine years of Ai Gongzhong in Zuo Chuanzhong, that is, 486 BC, this year, the husband ordered people to open the manual from the Yangtze River to the Huaihe River Waterway, more than 180 kilometers in length. At that time, the husband would not think that this move would become the end of the Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal. In his mind, it was Wu Guo's sailor battleship. North, north, and north. The north is the real battlefield of a generation of kings, and the north has the ultimate glory that dominate China.

The territory of Wu Guo in the Spring and Autumn Period is exactly the "Jiangnan" today. From the map, the territory of the Taihu Lake Basin and the "Eight Prefectures and One Prefecture" during the Ming and Qing Dynasties basically coincided. And about "，", the saying is different. Some people think that "the country" is a small country located in the north of Wu State, and was then annexed by Wu State; some people think that the Di Di belongs to Wu Kingdom, and the city is built by Wu Kingdom. "Wang Wang" himself. In any case, it is located at the entrance of the ancient Yangtze River, and the position is dangerous, which is the must -occupy place where Wu north goes to hegemony. Although history has not been clearly recorded, how much manpower did Wu Guoren use and how much money spent before it was repaired into this 180 -kilometer -long artificial river, but it can be believed that in the era of manpower and animal power, such a project was opened. It can be called large and consuming anyway. However, it is also this large and consumed project that created the first penetration of the north -south water system in Chinese history. As a result, Fucha became the first person to dig the North and South Grand Canal in ancient history.

In the early years of the great cause (605), Emperor Sui Yang Yang Guang launched the Sui Canal excavation project after he was in place. In 610, the Tongji canal was cut to the Huaihe River and connected the ancient gap. Lugou became part of the Sui Canal and the earliest section of its excavation.

Lugou, also known as Shanyang Dudu, later called Qijiang. The earliest was opened by Wu Wangfu, and the Sui Canal had been dredged before. "Zuo Zhuan" said: "In the nine years of Ai Gong (486 BC), winter, Wu Chengzheng, communicated with Jianghuai." Bei Ba China, from Guangling (ancient known as Yangzhou) to dig the river Tonghuai, and the water transportation of food. "Although there are few words, it is an important record of the ditch in history. Prior to the full opening of the Sui Canal, Emperor Sui Wen also dredged the ditch.

Cargo transport ships are driving in the Wujiang section of the Grand Canal in Beijing. Xu Hui Photo Visual Jiangsu Network Pictures

Obviously, the "ditch" in these literature refers to the artificial river channel that communicates the period of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. However, in history, the "Lugou" refers to more than that. As early as during the existence of Gou Wugu, the water transportation system of the four -link octopus had been formed in the Wu Kingdom south of the Yangtze River. In the literature, these waterways were called "Wu Gu Hi Waterway" and once known as "Nanyougou". Or "Digou Jiangnan Section". In the later period of Wu Guo, in order to realize the ideal of "power of the power", Wu Wangzhang accepted Wu Zizhen's "An Jun Li Min", "Licheng Guo, set up a defensive" suggestion, and entrusted Zizi to "like the heavenly law" to build Wucheng. Wu Zixu, a strategic person and militaryman, built two Wu Cheng, and dredged many river blames in Wu State, forming a complete and complete water traffic network. Sima Qian's "Historical Records of the Hequ" said, "In Wu, Tongcha three rivers and five lakes."

For the form and direction of "Wu Gu Hi Waterway", in the Eastern Han Dynasty Yuan Kang and Wu Ping's "The Biography of Yue Jue Wu Di", it can be clearly recorded: "Wu Gu hometown waterway, out of the door, Shangguo Chi, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions, entering the misusions. , Out of the lake, the land, cross the Meeting, enter the Yang Lake, go out of the fishing, enter the river, and play (walk) Guangling. "This text specifically described the flow of" Wu Gu's Waterway ": starting at the beginning of Gusu City Pingmen (North Gate), passing through Taibabulin (penetrating Su Xi), crossing Chaohu (Caohu), re -experienced the land of mountains (now Wuxi Huishan), crossed the ancient Wuxi Lake (Furong Lake), and then folded Crossing the west of Yanghu (Yanghu near Anyang Mountain) to Changzhou, then flowing into the Yangtze River via Yupu (now Menghekou) and reaching Guangling (Yangzhou). After the main river channel in Wu Kingdom connected to the gap in Guangling (Yangzhou), Wu Jun could reach the Huaihe River and enter the Yellow River Basin.

However, not only there, Zhu Changwen, a scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote "Wu Jun Tu Jing Ji Ji Ji" and the Ming Dynasty water conservancy expert Zhang Guowei and "Wu Zhongshui Book", which collectively referred to the river of Wu Wangfu's hard -cut river channel or "Jiangnan Canal". The Qing Guangxu version of "Wuxi Jinui County Chronicle · Water Conservancy" stated: It was formerly known as the Zhihe River in Wuxi City, and entered from Beishui, and went straight out of the South Water Pass, also known as Xianhe River (that is, Zhongshan River). The river in the north of Anyang Mountain is called "Beichengou", and the Nanhe Channel of Anyang Mountain is "Nanxungou". This is based on the research of Zhang Guowei. In terms of time, this "ancient Wu hometown waterway" was excavated earlier than the ditch, and it was opened at the latest in 487 BC. It can be said that Lugou is only the north extension of the "Wu Gu Hoshui Waterway". It is the grain and grass road that Wu Jun extends to the north in order to conquer the expansion. According to the 1939 edition of the Commercial Press "History of Water Conservancy" (Zheng Zhao Jing), in addition to communicating with the gaps of Jianghuai, Wu Guo also excavated the Xixi Canal, the canal, the Dandu Canal, the Dandu Canal, the Dandu Canal in the Taihu Lake and the Yangtze River, and the Yangtze River. The Lupu Canal, Baiji Deandard, Ziyu Deandevity, etc., formed a dense water traffic network that is connected to the inside and outside. These should all belong to the "ancient Wu hometown waterway". Among them, of course, including the earlier tilled Taibeu. Tyberd's excavation dates back to the period of Gou Wu. At the end of the business of 3200 years ago, the brothers of Taibei and Zhongyong asked Wang Yu Ji calendar to come to Jiangnan from Zhou Yuan (Qishan, Shaanxi), settled in Meili, and established Gou Wu. In order to reclaim irrigation, Taibai led a crowd to rectify a Tabo Dead of Merri (now the area around the village of Xidi), to Chaohu (Caohu) in the east, and the west of Wuxi City in the west.

Taber Dudu, also known as the Boadhe and the Taibei River, is about 80 miles in length, and the water width is several feet. Because Meng Jian, the historic history of Changzhou in the Tang Dynasty, had dredged the river, it was also called "Meng Dudu". Taibei has become from the intersection of the ancient canal from the south of Wuxi City to the south of Wuxi City. It is southeast, and many natural river channels are connected along the way. "Wu Yue Spring and Autumn" and "Yue Jueshu" and other records have recorded the river, saying that Tai Berbu City "two hundred steps on Wednesday, more than 300 miles out", "another Tiberdo, with drought and flooding." In the second year of Yongxing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (154 years), when Wu Jun's Taishou Mi Bao Jian Tai Berber Temple and Xiu Tai Berobe also wrote the "Tomb Tombstone", saying: "Tsuki City Guo Zhizhi Fan Wei, wearing a tactor to make a blame to use it to make a blame to use it to make a blame to use it to make the blame to use it to make the blame to use it to make the blankings to use it to make the lack of dendment. Prepare drought. " The excavation of Taibeu is undoubtedly a great project of the heavenly and crying ghosts. The river water has not been worn for thousands of years.

In the six years (610 years) of Sui Daye, after the Emperor Sui Yang was excavated, after the Tongji canal and Yongji canal that was centered on Luoyang and radiated north and south, "more than 100,000 people in Huainan people (dredging)" Jiqu is connected with Lugou (Shanyang Deande), thereby achieving the entire entire line of the Grand Canal. "Zizhi Tongjian · Sui Ji Fifth · Emperor Emperor" contains: "(Six years of great cause) winter, December, ... through the Jiangnan River, from Jingkou to Yuhang, more than 800 miles, more than ten feet in Guang, so that it makes more than ten feet. You can pass the dragon boat, and set up the royal palace, grassy, ​​and want to patrol the seminars. "The Grand Canal reaches Yuhang. The "Wu Gu Hi Waterway" excavated by Fucha was incorporated into the entire canal system at this time, becoming an important composition of the Sui Canal, and the earliest section of the entire canal excavation time.

Zhuang Ruojiang

The whole line of the Grand Canal has completely changed the domestic geopolitics and water network pattern. Huaxia Land finally has a golden waterway that radiates from the north and south of the Central Plains. Whether it was Taberdin, who was excavated more than 3,000 years ago, or the ancient waterway of Wu Guo, which was excluded 2500 years ago, was born in the Grand Canal of the Grand Canal in Jiangnan. For thousands of years, the Tang Tang canal has communicated with heavenly, the boat is endless, and Ze has been in later generations.

Looking at the Grand Canal, Yanzhao, the south of the Grand Canal, the south to Yuhang, crossing the ancient and modern times, and from the historical time, like a north -south arteries that run through the Chinese land, nourishing hundreds of millions of lives along the coast and breeding countless brilliant "non -heritage".

Zhuang Ruojiang (this article is provided by "Fang Zhi Jiangsu")

About the author: Zhuang Ruojiang, a professor at Jiangnan University, an expert in Wu Culture Jiangnan Cultural Research, an excellent popular science expert in the national humanities and social science system. Director of Jiangnan Cultural Research Center and vice president of Wuxi Jiangnan Cultural Research Association. He is the author of 21 writings such as "Urban Culture" and "Speaking Wu", published more than 140 papers in various journals.

- END -