Zhang Chuanping: Exploring Dha Ervsky's "mystery"

Thamiervsky (1821-1881) was one of the most important writers of Russia in the 19th century. As far as international influence was concerned, it was difficult to distinguish with Lev Tolstoy. The status of the literary world has followed up with long masterpieces such as "Sin and Punishment", "Insultant and Damage", "Idiot", "Gambler", "Juvenile", "Magic", "Karamazov Brothers" and other masterpieces.

biography

The extraordinary literary achievements and his legendary life experience of Tothevsky have aroused biographies' interest in his long -lasting attention and inquiry. "Explorer's mystery" is the literary business of Totor's life, and the "mystery" of exploring Dostoevsky is the earnest goal of each biographical author. The biography regards the writer himself as a "person" -the "sample" that includes the two dimensions of the virtual and reality of the text to observe and study. The importance of this "sample" lies in many " "Mystery" is the refraction of hidden human light.

The breadth and depth of humanity touched and presented by Tuo's literature creation is the main reason why it has received much attention and promotion. Ji De once talked: "From the perspective of thought, Dostoevsky is both a psychologist and a sociologist and ethicist. In the cultivation of his literary forest, the root system of its tanguard settled towards the darkness of the soul of the human soul, and will be exposed to the subconsciousness and unconscious inferiority in the writer himself.

The consciousness, self -introspection, and self -torture of the creative process throughout the Tuo family are so valuable that they have won widespread praise from the conscience, as Lu Xun said: "The great interrogator of the soul of a human soul must also be a great prisoner. He raised his evil on the hall, and the prisoner stated his own good at the order; the interrogator exposed the filth in the soul, and the prisoner clarified the buried light in the filth he revealed. In the deep soul, it doesn't matter 'cruel', even more compassionate; but showing this soul to human beings is the "realist in the high sense '." The writer Dostoevsky is both a three position, It is both a "interrogator" and a "prisoner", but also a "realist" who records accusations and defense each other in fictional forms.

The cognition and exploration of the thoughts and creation of Dostoevsky is a huge project that continues the "archeology" and "torture" to this day. Many biography authors of the Tuo family, with the perspective of observation and entry, personalized narratives, analysis of the whipping, and strict logical reasoning, and conduct a multi -angle and multi -sides of the life experience, spiritual world, literary creation of the Lord, in -depth excavation , Involving his poor dilemma, emotional journey, views on serf systems and populism, good deeds and ideals to save the weak, changes in literary concepts, and so on. These biography has become the best guide to enter the world of life and literature in Dharvsky.

The "Biography of Thamiervsky" in Youlieznetv has a very important position in the field of research in the research field of Dhastyevsky. "It ended in history to the solution to Dharvisky Misunderstanding, opened up a new era of research on Tuo's. " This biography of nearly 500,000 words can be described as detailed, which vividly shows the life of the Tuo family's calamity, the extraordinary, and sadness, especially at the time of the death of the death of the death. The description of the psychological activity of the master is shocked and empathized with the reader, and it aroused contemplation of the sense of fate.

Andreas Gusburg's "The Biography of Thazeryevsky" brought a wonderful analysis of the main works of Totia, and placed the writer's life and creation in the background of the times and the time and space coordinate system of real situations. In the cross -loop of criticism such as history, society, aesthetics, etc., readers have obtained a broader and novel perspective on the understanding of the Tuo's text.

Dominic Albon's "Dutbestyevsky" is a book of "Eternal Writer". There are unique experiences and insights.

The biographical novel "Baden Summer" of Lyonad Zapkin is known as "the chronicles of the fanatical genius". The author is a doctor, who loves and obsessed with the literary life of Tuo's, collects and read various materials related to it, and even investigate the place where the life of the Tuo family travels on the spot. Soul dialogue. "Baden Summer" belongs to "drawer literature" and has been published in New York several times. One week after the publication, the author died of a heart attack. Ten years later, Susan Santag "encountered" the book on the streets of London, at first sight to respect it as "the last great Russian novel in the twentieth century". With its intensity and depth of the mind and psychological secrets, the novel makes the protagonist Dhayevsky present a unique and intriguing "fictional truth".

exile

Although many biographies are different, they all involve the "keywords" of Dostoevsky's encounters, such as poverty, debt, death, exile, hardship, disease, addiction, love, and so on. Dandevsky was born in a multi -child family who has economic constraints but pays attention to education. When he was 16 years old, he ordered his father Mihail to go to Petersburg to apply for engineering soldiers. With the support of relatives, I entered the school the following year. Since then, the Tuo family entered Russia's political and cultural center cities, and has opened a wharma and strange destiny journey in the magnificent historical change. Most of his life lived in Petersburg and Moscow, writing publications such as "The Chronicle of the Motherland" and "Russian Herald", and also edited the "Contemporary" and "Times" monthly journal, published "Writer's Diary". The far -reaching novel, the four -volume novel "Karamazov Brothers" published one year before his death is the Tuo's hand -carrying work. Dostoevsky has two long travels away from the Russian political and cultural center. Once, he was exiled to Omusk for participating in the event of the Peterslasky Group. I was allowed to move to Petersburg; I traveled to Europe after marrying Anna and returned to China four years later. Once eastward, once westward, it has a decisive impact on the life of Tuo's literature. Before being exiled, Tuo became famous for being rewarded by Belinsky because of "The poor" and became famous overnight. During the ten years of exile, no work came out, but the test of life and death has accumulated special novel materials for him. The works such as "Dead House", known as the originator of "exile literature", are all made here. Since then, almost each of his works starts to think about thinking during exile. These issues involve the fields of politics, literature, philosophy, religion, etc., ambiguity and entanglement, full of paradoxes, and the mysteries are difficult to solve. It exactly comes from this "metaphysical" pain.

debt

Dandevsky was trapped in a debt crisis in his life. He repaid the debt left after his brother's death, and held the heavy responsibility of the raising of widow and his children. After the death of Maria, it is necessary to support the life of steps unlimitedly. All these, the stretched economic situation of Lumita has almost collapsed.

He talked about his own dilemma in the letter to the publisher Alexander Clarievsky: "I deal with my creditors like Laolon and snakes." The main method is that this way of getting money before paying for the goods forced Tuo to have to "sell" works, endure the severe disk of the publisher, and even even more "money waste", forming a vicious cycle, the shackles of debt, the shackles of debt, The more tighter the hoop, the writer is deeply trapped in the mud, and it is difficult to extricate himself. At the same time, in order to make a full seal within the period of the hasty submission, he has no time to carefully conceive and scrutinize words. Some works are difficult to avoid text, lengthy, repeated plot, procrastination, and characters shaped and rough. Although it has maintained a certain level in general, the status of the writer's tiredness and struggle has seriously affected the quality of novel creation. Obviously, such a result runs counter to his talents and aspirations.

disease

The heavy pressure of physical and mental affordment is always destroying the nerves of Dostoevsky, and he suffers from severe epilepsy. According to Andreas Gusburg's "The Biography of the Dostaevsky": "From 1861, he began to record regularly on his history of epilepsy, and was divided into light, medium, and medium, medium, and in the seizure level. Three types of weight. In the two decades before his death, according to this record, he has had a total of 102 times. According to other data, the number is more than 20 more than this. For half a day, long half a year, the average calculation is about once a month. Each seizure is after a long period of fatigue and depression, and it usually has a fixed aura, that is, the basic person of Dostaevsus The ecstasy of "unable to describe", but the duration is only a few seconds. "

In the mouth of "Idiot", Dostaevsky borrowed the mouth of Duke Meishkin to depict this true feelings from me. "At that moment, I felt harmonious with myself and the whole world. The feeling is so strong and sweet. For this just a few minutes of bliss, I am willing to pay for ten years or even the whole life. " "Seizure Seizure" is a "double -edged sword" that is extremely cool and sharp for the advantages of Tuo. Ethics and psychological description depth. This has become the "exclusive" label of the work of Dostoevsky, and others cannot imitate it.

Gambling

The attitude of Money and property is very contradictory. His family has no constant property and bad financial management, but he does not refuse luxury. Generous. He refused to inherit his father's manor heritage, but he had a lawsuit against his brother's legacy. He went to Europe to avoid debt, holding a big wins to linger the casino with a lot of debt, but he repeatedly lost his hand and was unsustainable.

In his wife's "Anna Dharvyevs Cama Memoirs" and "1867 Diary", the "gambling" and the "gambling addiction" of the "gambling" and the "gambling addiction" Many detailed descriptions. This inferior habit shows the obvious "personality split" and "credit crisis": the writer is deeply "shame" about his gambling, but his fictional novels are defending the "legitimacy" of gambling. In fact The situation is that the desire of "adventure" deep in his heart and the expectations of luck to make a fortune have "abducted", completely sinking and unable to redeem themselves. He fell in front of his wife again and again, and repented the gambling curse regardless of his dignity. It was not until he mortgaged the "wedding ring" on Anna's hands. In the desperate situation of the mountains and rivers, he set foot on the journey of returning to Russia by his relatives and friends. With the years of gambling with Tuo Shi, he has continuously consumed the repayment of his hard writing. The only positive effect is to give birth to the novel "Gambler". This very autobiographical novel allows readers to see the real gambler's psychology of Tuo. Gambling has a "stimulus and anesthesia" effect for him. It is a very consistent response to writing and gambling. love

Needless to say, "suffering" is the main theme of the life of Dostoevsky. Its frequent visits make the writer as "purgatory". Fortunately Sweet chorus. Mark Slunim's "Three Loves of Dha Estyevsky" is a kind of chic Twesievsky love biography, the author said: "My purpose is very clear: I just want to try as much as possible as possible He fully recovered the attitude of this great writer to women, frankly described his pursuit and his two marriage, and eliminated the shy silence and the common "fat powder" of the truth. "Therefore, the core of this book is Tuo Tuo Tuo Tuo The history of the relationship between Seeyevsky and women and the in -depth analysis of his women's concept and love outlook.

The bumps of Tuo's love road are repeatedly frustrated as his life. Except for the two wives, he has at least a surpassing with Panaerva, Sister Slogova, Anna Corvokovs Kia Sister Friendship feelings. In particular, Suslova not only captured the feelings of Tuo, but also profoundly affected his creation. At the beginning of the relationship between the two, she was full of tenderness. She wrote to the Tuo family for the first time: "My love for you is beautiful and magnificent." But when breaking up, she left each other to the other party. Susolova wrote in his diary: "Whenever I recall my life two years ago, I started hate Dostoevsky. He was the first person to stifle my belief." Slova's "selfless admiration", no matter how the other party changes, has never changed his original intention. In the novel, he shaped Susolova into a typical image of arrogance and rebellion. Polyina in "Gamblers", "idiot" Most of the characters such as Nasteasia, Lisa in "The Magic", "Achmaco" in "Juvenile", and Karamina in "Karamazov" are mostly based on her. In life, Tuo called her "Polyina".

If Susolova is a unique literary opposite sex in the interaction of Dharvyevsky, then in real life, he needs a like -minded and bitter partner to give him the specific support of his daily emotions. Give him a lonely heart to soothe and care. Fortunately, he married Anna, a girl who was confusing, broad -minded, unreasonable, and willing to dedicate everything for him, so that he could rule out trivial interference and went all out to literary creation. Finally, he completed the "" The masterpiece of Karamazov Brother ".

Data Ervsky and the "people" in his pen are all competitions of good and evil, beauty and ugliness. "The sufferings he suffered, with full compassion, trek on the rugged road of literature, explored the way of salvation for yourself and everyone, and exhausted his efforts and ignited his life. The spiritual charm and selfless feelings of Dostoevsky, summoning more and more fellows on this sequential road, this is also the oldest echo that Tuo's literary works have won.

Source: "China Social Sciences"

Picture source: CFP

- END -