The wonderful eaves of Chinese classical architecture

Author:Qi Jushi Time:2022.08.19

Walking on the streets, people are often attracted by the eaves of light and smart, and they look up at the corner of the eaves of light and smart. How many legends and origin are there in this eaves? You may not be clear for a while, and the Tao is unknown. But when you look up at the corners of the high -rise eaves -when you appreciate the exquisite ancient building, do you always have a relaxed mood?

The eaves are a unique architectural structure in China. It is a special treatment and creation of ancient Chinese buildings on the eaves. The eaves, especially the eaves of the corner of the house, are raised upwards. , Pavilion, Palace, Temple, etc. The roofs of the buildings such as the buildings, the four corners are extended, shaped like flying birds, light and lively, so they are often called eaves.

Early corners,

It is one of the important performances of ancient architectural styles in my country.

Whether in the palace, temple, or ordinary pavilion,

It will appear.

Its design composition is clever,

It is like flying birds to show wings, light and lively,

As if there is a stock on the ground, holding the eaves,

Make the building a kind of dynamic and pleasing to the eye.

I have to admire ancient architects,

Even the eaves in daily life,

Everyone must be built so beautiful,

Uncomfortable, uncompromising

It is called a clever work.

Ning Que

This is the spirit of craftsmen.

"There are three five -seater of Xiangting, three sides of the eaves, and on three sides,

The upper color of the glazed bamboo tiles, the dragon ditch phoenix drops. "

——Cqing Li Dou "Yangzhou Painting 舫舫 · 录录录"

There are many types of eaves, or low, or straight, or pick up. Its different forms create different artistic effects, or light spirit, simple, or majestic. See your identity and express your emotions.

The height and length of the eaves often become the difficulty and main points of architectural design. The so -called "one point is too long, and one of the reduction is too short". The design must be just right. Machinery, majestic but not rigid.

Eaves north and south difference

south

There are many tall eaves in the wings of the south, and the craftsmanship is often relatively free and more creative. In the building, the eaves are used to show wealth. The higher the eaves raised, the richer the homeowner.

Due to the different aesthetic views caused by the different regions, the rainwater in the south has heavy rain and often heavy rain. The eaves of the building are high again. Damage of building foundation.

north

The eaves in the north are not high in the south. The eaves itself is relatively straight, but the eaves are quite prominent. In addition, because of the snow in the north, the straight eaves after snow will not put pressure on the tile at the end.

The eaves in the north appear to be a severe eaves. Its role is to expand the weight of the roof and the body, add the height and level of the roof, enhance the sense of majesty and solemnity of the roof, and adjust the ratio of the roof and the body.

The rhyme of poetry rhyme is the finishing touch on the house. This eaves, the momentum is smooth, borrowed a flying word, showing the beauty of the "eaves". It can be described as "the birds fly on the eaves, the clouds come out of the window", the eaves and the white clouds, the scene with the birds, and the natural and the time of the years. Under the eaves of the big roof, how many people have the infinite longing for that kind of leisurely life.

At first, it was born for practicality. Slowly, everyone felt a bit monotonous, so we decorated the beasts with different attitudes on the corner eaves. We call it the eaves. These beasts sitting on the eaves not only have decorative effects. It is covered at the intersection of the top of the temple and the two slopes of the eaves. It can also play a function of preventing rain.

Lao She wrote in "Four of the Four": "These contradictions are randomly touched in his heart, making him not much better to the five spines and six beasts all day long." We often hear the word "five ridges and six beasts" It is used to describe a person's upset and disturbing. So, do you know what "five spine and six beasts" refer to?

This should start with a variety of changing roofs in ancient Chinese buildings ...

Presumably everyone has seen all kinds of ancient buildings and antique buildings. I don't know if you have noticed that the roof forms of these buildings are diverse.

There are also many styles, including variants, which are not listed here. We start with the highest level of building level.

The top of the palace is also called the top of the five ridges. The intersection of the two slopes in front and rear is the orthopedic ridge. There are four vertical ridges on the left and right slopes. One positive ridge is added with four vertical ridges. This is the five ridges.

The ridge beast is the beast parts placed on the ridge of ancient Chinese buildings. According to the category, it is divided into running beasts, vertical beasts, "immortals" and kissing. Among them, kiss beasts or beasts are placed on the positive ridges, beasts are placed on the vertical ridges, beasts are placed on the ridge, and fairy beasts are placed at the edge of the ridge.

These small beasts are usually placed on these ridges. Regarding the use of the beasts in the building, the Qing Dynasty stipulated that the beasts behind the fairy should be a single number, and the three, five, seventh, and nine -nine are arranged. The higher the building level, the more the number of beasts.

Generally, there are three buildings, and six are added on both sides. Therefore, it is called "five ridges and six beasts". Jiaotai Hall is a place where the queen accepts Chaogong in important festivals, and there are seven small beasts. The Qianqing Palace is the palace of the emperor of the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are nine beasts arranged on the ridge, which is the highest level.

However, the status of Taihe Hall is obviously more prominent than the Ganqing Palace. Therefore, a god beast is set on the spine of Taihe Hall -Xingshu. It is a monkey that can fly and can be reported to the letter. The spine is ten, which is the highest level. In China, there are only a dozen beasts on the spine of Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City in China. The ten beasts of the Taihe Hall are: dragons, phoenixes, lions, horses, hippocampus, 狎 (xiá) fish, 狻猊 (xiè zhì), 獬豸 (xiè zhì), 牛在在 (x), 獬豸 (xiè zhì) xíng shí). Above the roof of the Taihe Hall, there is a person's image in front of the 10 little beasts. This is riding a phoenix.

The number of fairy beasts is related to the level of the Forbidden City architecture. Literally, the fairy and beasts are mainly divided into two parts: phoenix fairy and beast, and each beast has its own name and meaning. Every little beast has their own sources and meaning, not groundless.

Fairy is also known as a real person or Pluto. It is said that the immortal was the incarnation of King Qi Min. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, King Qi Min was defeated by Yan Yueyi. Through the big river, it is fierce.

I also saw another version. In the legend, he was Jiang Ziya's little sister -in -law, and wanted to use his relationship to climb up. But only if he was limited, Jiang Ziya said to him, "Your official has risen to the top, and if you climb up, you will fall down." According to this legend, the ancient architects put him at the front of the eaves. If you climb up, he will fall down and fall into the pink body.

1. Dragon: It represents the supreme noble. The horns of the dragon are like deer, scales, fish, and claws like eagles. The Tang and Song dynasties were regarded as a symbol of auspiciousness.

2. Phoenix: The male is a phoenix, the female is called the Phoenix, and the phoenix is all known as the phoenix. It is the legendary king of birds.

3. Lion: The lion roar, the beasts are deterred, the king of the town mountain, which means brave and majestic, and in the temple, there is a meaning of protecting the law, indicating that the power of Dharma is endless.

4. Tianma: "Tianma is empty, coming alone", using its image on the ridge of the temple, there is a momentum of arrogance and pioneering territory.

5. Haima: Haima is also known as Luo Longzi, which symbolizes loyalty and auspiciousness.

6. Suān ní: Being a tiger and leopard is also the rate of mighty beasts. Legend has it that it has five hundred miles a day, and it has a good fireworks.

7, catfish: is a strange beast in the sea, saying that it can spray water columns, it is full of wind and rain, fire fire prevention.

8. i (xiè zhì): Commonly known as unicorn.慧 Has high wisdom and understand human nature. Because he is good at identifying right and wrong, he is extremely powerful. In ancient times, the judge of the ancient times had the crown, symbolizing justice and selflessness, but also the meaning of oppression.

9. Bullon: Bull fighting is the legendary dragon. One is that it is a water beast. In ancient times, it was used to suffer from water.

10. Xingshu: Because of the tenth ranking, this name is the name. It is a kind of wing monkey with a wing monkey, a back -born double -wing, holding a diamond pestle. It is quite like the legendary Ray Gong, probably a symbol of lightning protection.

The last one on the ridge is the (chī) kiss. It was the dragon head -shaped tiles faced with the ends of the main ridges of the building in the Ming and Qing dynasties, also known as "positive kiss", which is the dragon head shape. Positive ridge.

Legend has it that this beast is easy to swallow, so it is called "swallowing beast" at the ends of the ridge, also known as the "swallow beast." The so -called "swallowing beast" is the "kiss" in the famous "Nine Dragons". According to Li Dongyang's "Huailu Hall Collection" in the Ming Dynasty: "The dragon is born with nine sons, and the kiss is a good swallow. The beast of this palace is the legacy." Flying in heaven, people put it on the roof ridge is both decorative and rainfall.