Jiangnan celebrities 丨 Zhang Chang: Benevolence of the brave Wu Di diplomat

Original Author: Xie Play

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In the 27th year of the Song and Yuan Dynasties of the Southern Dynasties (450 AD, the 11th year of the Taiping Zhenjun of the Northern Wei Dynasty), the Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Tuoba, led a 600,000 army to invade south. In November, it surrounded Pengcheng, Huaibei Town [1]. Unlike the previous situation of "the county and the county, there is no more than a reddish [2]", the Northern Wei Dynasty did not immediately attack the city, but sent an envoy to show off the demonstration.

Zhang Chang, who had been in charge of foreign affairs and served as the messenger of Pengcheng, and the Northern Wei Men's messenger Li Xiaobo went to the opportunity to make each other, and between the laughter and laughter, it harmed the people and worshiped.

At that time, diplomacy was not easy.

Both sides feel that they are orthodox and look down on each other [4]. Therefore, both sides feel that they are "Xingyi soldiers" and are straightforward. Once you have a chance to confront, you can't fight for you to die? On the battlefield, short soldiers were connected, life and death fought, in the diplomatic field, it was the tongue and tongue battle, and the tit -for -tat tattoo [5].

(Qing) Local part of Zhang Tingyan's "Ping Dingwu Map"

Taipei Palace Museum Collection

But this battle is also particular. The language is too sharp, maybe one day the other party led the iron riding army to press the oversee; but just catering, would you lose your face without losing our great power [6]? Therefore, speaking a little, saving a little meaning, giving each other a little face, no particular attention, high requirements for speaking people.

In the first place, you have to have a rhetoric and learn a lot. The so -called astronomy, the geography of the bottom, the personnel of the person, the hundreds of the sons, the history of the literature, the art of the poetry ... the wider the knowledge, the better. But it is not enough to learn. Some people are full of poems, but unfortunately they are clumsy, which is difficult to express their own meaning fluently, or the thinking is not keen enough. In the diplomatic field, you cannot answer, you cannot respond quickly, you can't answer it. It will cause the country to be insulted and lose dignity. Therefore, for the speaker, the thinking is agile, clever, and indispensable. However, this is not enough. You have to lighten up. To say a word, mosquitoes, do not want others to put their ears in front of you and ask, "Dare to ask Lang Jun. What did you just say?" It was really embarrassing!

There are so many requirements! Is it over?

Nothing, something is anxious. There is also an important indicator -you have to have the instrument.

Poetry and sensitive discerning are all things that people know after opening. You are better inside, people don't look upright, less prestigious, and even some sickness, how do people think of your country? It is inevitable that it is despised [7]. What's more, the era of Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, people attached great importance to their appearance. A book "New Words of the World", which has a dedicated chapter, what "He Ping is beautiful, the face is white"; Yun: "is the Merido Jun who is looking at the heart [8].

"National Treasure" Yuan Hong plays Wei Jin famous Shi Kang

We have to be outside and show inward. Most people can't do this. The country is also very cautious when sending envoys and communication. For example, the Northern Dynasties were basically the top four surnames of the Han nationality. Qinghe Cui, Boling Cui, Fanyang Lu, Zhao County Li, Liyang Zheng; while the Southern Dynasties were slightly inferior to the north, often regarded culture as a strong shield in diplomacy [9 ], The talents who chose are not talented and famous for their fame [10], or the children of the door of the family [11].

Zhang Chang, who was born in the Zhang family of Wu Jun, is undoubtedly the best candidate.

Zhang Changshu shadow topic

Zhang is said to be from the surname of Ji, and is the descendants of Huang Dizheng's eight classics; there is also a well -known figure on the ancestors, and Zhang Zifang (that is, Zhang Liang) in the Han Dynasty [12].

Although during the Sun Wu period, the Zhang family of Wujun has become the Great of Jiangdong, and is known as "Wu Four, Zhang Wen, Zhu Wu, Lu Zhong, Gu Hou [13]", but for various reasons, the Zhang family of Wu County and the other three ethnic groups Compared with the local fame, it is very popular [14], but the political participation is not high, and there are not many records about their history books.

After entering the Southern Dynasties, because of supporting Emperor Song Wu of the Song Dynasty, the Zhangshi Zhang began to rise in the temple. Not only is it in the middle of the DPRK [15], the officials of the five grades are ranked fourth, second only to the Langya Wang family, Chen County Xie's, and Wu Xing Shen [16], and even Liu Song, the number exceeded Chen Jun Xie Xie Family and Wu Xing Shen's [17]. The children in the tribe are more talented, can talk, good at music, understand calligraphy, understand calligraphy, goodwill, and academics ... [18] talents.

Because of this, Li Xiaobo saw Zhang Chang when he saw Zhang Chang, and he laughed: "After hearing a big name, such as Lei Guan ear, when you see it today, the name is true [19]." And praised him as "Nangtu Cream Liang [20]", the family is prominent [21 ].

However, Zhang Changneng is not only because of his family and talents, but also related to the family studies that Zhang's Zhang family has always passed on. Despite the prosperity of Wei and Jin Xuan Xue, Wu Jun Zhang also had a lot of talked about Xuanxuan figures, but the Zhangshi Zhang did not blindly talk and serve. On the contrary, no matter how the political situation changes, the children of the tribe adhere to the Confucian etiquette and the law, especially the filial piety.

"Zhang Cao's Portrait" (Zhang Han's Half -Being Portrait)

For example, Zhang Han, who is known as a well -known celebrity, "sex is filial". When the mother died, because she was too sad, she described weight loss [22]. And other children of Zhang, some of the mother are sick, only eleven years old, they take care of their mother all night, and their clothes are unsolvable; some people have diabetes because their father has diabetes, and he personally forms a net to ensure that his father can eat fresh fish sooner or later. [23] Someone; When his father's life was not guaranteed, he came forward and killed first. Waiting for the elders, and also very friendly to the ordinary or younger generations. Take Zhang Chang himself, his brother was bitten by a crazy dog, and the doctor opened a recipe and said that he would eat toads. What is this doctor? Toads are confused, and they are disgusting when they look at it? The brother frowned, and the chopsticks were allocated back and forth on the toad meat, but he refused to get off his mouth.

Zhang Chang laughs: "Toad meat is also meat, what are you afraid of! Brother eats it for you first." As he said, he put a piece of toad meat into his mouth, swallowed his belly slowly, and looked at his brother with a smile. My brother only moved the chopsticks, and the wound was complete after a long time [26].

(Qing) Yu Yan's "Duanyang Scenery" local Palace Museum Collection

Therefore, Wu Jun's Zhang family seems to be influenced by the times and is good at talking about words, but his family style is still the focus of Confucianism [27]. Because of this, the Zhang clan has repeatedly participated in the court's revision of Confucian etiquette. And Zhang Chang's performance on Pengcheng's diplomatic field, "responding to responding, vomiting is like flowing, the rhyme is elegant, and the wind and wind are moisturizing." Live in admiration and appreciation [29].

However, as Tuoba's confidant [30], Li Xiaobo's "leisurely and elegant, responding to flow", also made Zhang Chang and other southern people hit the festival [31]. The two seem to be uncle, but considering the danger of Tuoba's soldiers under the city, to some extent, Zhang Chang's performance is better. Therefore, the three provinces of Hu later commented on the matter and said, "Soldiers are interested in it. In the meantime. Shi Yan pedestrians are good at rhetoric, which is enough to increase Guowei [32]." It is what it means.

Later generations discussed the history, and let's not mention that at the time, because of this outstanding performance, the court regarded Zhang Chang as the general who resisted the Northern Wei Dynasty. When the Northern Wei Dynasty once again claimed to attack Xiangyang again, Emperor Song Wen also planned to appoint Zhang Chang as the eunuch of the South County to assist in the preparation. Although it is not available, you can also see the court's importance to Zhang Chang [33]. Sometimes, being valued, it also means the beginning of disaster.

Thirty years of Yuanjia (453 years), Prince Liu Ye committed herself. The king of Nanxun Liu Yixuan started his soldiers and appointed Zhang Chang as the main general. Zhang Chang described the sorrow, but the sound was still upright. He made a voice for the country. The words were stubborn. Many people were inspired by him and were willing to fight against him. [34] Not long after the rebellion calmed down, Emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun ascended the throne.

At this time, suspicion raised. Liu Yixuan, who followed Zhang Chang, served as the post of Jingzhou assassin for a long time, but because Jingzhou was a heavy town in the upstream, many places in the six dynasties started from Jingzhou, so Liu Jun did not want Liu Yixuan to let this post, and planned to adjust him internally to the prime minister, Yangzhou, Yangzhou, Yangzhou History. But Liu Yixuan has been operating in Jingzhou for ten years, how can he be able to capture it? So I plan to start a troops. Zhang Chang's name is very good, and naturally became one of the targets of Liu Yixuan's thought.

But what Liu Yixuan didn't expect was that, in this way, Zhang Chang not only refused, but also asked the students to set off quickly and reported to the court to report Liu Yixuan's countermeasures. So unknown, Liu Yixuan can tolerate?

A Zhang Chang, indeed talented, strategies, and high names, but there are talents in the world, strategies, and high -name, not only Zhang Chang alone! Extremely hate, Liu Yixuan intends to kill him. Fortunately, someone was guaranteed and persuaded Liu Yixuan, and Zhang Chang barely escaped.

Afterwards, the two sides knew that they had to prepare each other, but on the surface, they had to pay well. Liu Yixuan gave Zhang Chang as the official, and Zhang Chang no longer resigned, but after being promoted, he learned the ancestor Ruan Ji, the ancestor of the Wei and Jin dynasties every day. No disaster.

It is a pity that Zhang Chang will inevitably have a disaster after all. In the chaos, he was out of the way, fled around, and even repeatedly robbed. Even his clothes were robbed of glory, so he had to find some broken clothes on his body, describing very unbearable.

(Ming) Wu Wei's "Flowing Map" Local British Museum Collection

However, even so, Zhang Chang did not change his original intention. Liu Yixuan was rebellious, and he vowed not to coexist with the chaotic thief [35]. Because he had this boldness and loyalty, after arriving in the court, although he had an official on Liu Yixuan's government, he was tried in prison, but he was soon released and the official resumed his original position.

Someone can't get used to his "lucky", and sarcastic: "Zhang Chang is really a wizard! Be a chaotic thief with Liu Yixuan. "Well, ordinary people, ordinary people can't do this."

He is loyal and loyal to the country. Why should you be wronged? Zhang Chang took out the sharp teeth against Li Xiaobo, and his lip was opposite: "I don't know who it is. When the prince is chaotic, the Aya is inherited and will be the phase. Seeing that the prince's general trend has gone, he immediately made the wall of the wall and switched to the right way! "The man suddenly had a red ears, and embarrassedly didn't know what to say. In the end, the emperor came out to play the round field in person, and the two were only for this [36].

This is what he is. For private affairs, he has his own clear values, will not be affected by the outside world at will, nor will he not be particularly evaluated in the accident. For example, at first the book of Xu Pei, who was the eunuch, was killed by Xu Peizhi's criminals. Zhang Chang changed his mourning. Before dying, because he loved his nephew Zhang Ji, he left his life and was buried with Zhang Ji, which attracted many criticisms, and Zhang Chang didn't care [38]. However, for business affairs, Zhang Chang's life, just as historians' evaluation, "The soldiers are deepened, and the benevolent has the courage [39]", and it is worthy of the reputation and reputation.

references:

1. Shen Yue: "Song Book (Revised)", Zhonghua Book Company, 2018

2. Li Yanshou: "South History", Zhonghua Book Company, 1975

3. Wei Gai: "Wei Shu (Revised Ben)", Zhonghua Book Company, 2017

4. Li Yanshou: "North History", Zhonghua Book Company, 1974

5. Fang Xuanling: "Jin Shu", Zhonghua Book Company, 1996

6. Yao Silian: "Book of Chen", Zhonghua Book Company, 1972

7. Sima Guang: "Zi Zhi Tong Jian", Zhonghua Book Company, 2011

8. Liu Yiqing: "New Words of the World", Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 2013

9. Ouyang Xiu: "New Tang Book", Zhonghua Book Company, 1975

10. Li Yan: "Taiping Royal Lan", Zhonghua Book Company, 2000

11.

12. Lai Linling: "Reasons for the Reasons for Zhang's Xingsheng in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties"

13. Chen Junwei: "The Political Ecology of the Two Jinjiang East Subians -Cases with the Zhang Family of Wujun", a master's dissertation of Nanjing Normal University, No. 01, 2019

14. Li Sheng: "Study on the Divine Buddha of the Langya King of the two Jinnan dynasty and the Zhang family of Wujun", a master's dissertation in Xiangtan University, No. 02, 2019

15. Fu Yiqiang: "The Fortune and Dechat of the Four Surnames of Wu County in the Six Dynasties", Master's Paper of Huazhong Normal University, No. 01, 2019

16. Wang Yanhong: "Research on the Culture and Literature of the Zhang Family Culture and Literature of the Six Dynasties of the Wu County, Master's thesis of Qufu Normal University, No. 10, 2009

17. Wang Yongping: "The Family Study and Family Style of the Zhangshi of Wu County during the Six Dynasties", "Journal of Xuzhou Normal University (Philosophy Social Science Edition)", March 2002, Vol. 28, Issue 1, No. 1

18.

19. Sun Zhongwang: "Research on Zhangshi of Wu County in the Southern Dynasty", Suzhou University Master's Paper, Issue 01, 2002

20. Zhao Yong'e: "Research on the Literature Research of the Zhangshi Literature of the Qi Liang Period" Northwestern Normal University Master's Paper, No. 04, 2022

Wang Qingyun: "The Marriage Examination of Wujun Scholars in the Tang Dynasty" Shanghai Normal University Master's Paper, No. 12, 2018

Li Hu: "The Foreign Management Functions of Du Du Du Du Du Dynasties in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties", "Qilu School of Journal", No. 5, 1999

Lin Tao: "Buddhist beliefs of Zhang's Zhang and Southern Dynasties", "Journal of Xinzhou Normal College", March 2001, No. 17, No. 1

Wang Xin: "Research on Middle -aged Wu Culture Family Research", "Journal of Suzhou University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition)", August 2004, Volume 21, No. 3

[1] "Zizhi Tongjian · Song Ji July 7 Yuan Jia 27 Years": The 27th year of the Emperor Taizuwen ... November ... Wei Jun was in Xiaocheng, Zhi Pengcheng More than ten miles.

[2] "Zizhi Tongjian · Song Ji 8 · Yuan Jia 28 Years": Wei Renfan broke the south, Xu, Yan, Yu, Qing, and Jizhou. Test, the baby runs through the puppet, and dances as a drama. The county and county, there is no red ground, Chunyan returns, and nests in forest. Wei Zhi Ma was also more than half of his death, especially Chinese.

[3] The two of them are confronted. For details, please refer to the records of "Song Book", "Wei Shu" and "Southern History". The length is limited, and it is incomplete. For example, "Song Book. Volume 59. Biography 19th · Zhang Changchuan": The repatriation of Ling Xiao Bo Chuan said: "Wei Lord has a concubine, An Bei, nearly ride, the car is two, and the car is behind. Sitting in this end, there is a blog tool to see. "Chang said:" The blog tool is Shen Qi. But the second king of the language is no longer inferior, and there is a word of words. This is here. "Xiaobo said:" The words of the words, what is the difference between me and me, and what is the difference. "Chang said:" If you resign, you can talk about it; if you say something, you will be expensive. To be said to what he dares to smell. "Xiao Bo said:" Lieutenant, Anbei is a minister and wrong? "Chang said:" Yes. "Xiao Bo said:" Called the ministers of the neighboring country? "Chang said:" The monarch is called, it is unable to smell it in China, and it is the preciousness of the kings, and the monarch of the neighboring country is still said. " Biography ": Shi Zu Mingdan came to the Asian father's grazing, sent filial piety to the small city, and Jun also sent his long history Zhang Chang to Xiao Bo. Xiaobo asked the surname, and said, "Surname Zhang." Xiao Bo said: "Zhang Changshi also." Chang said: "How can you see it?" Xiao Bo said: " I know. "Chang asked Xiaobo:" Junfu's surname? He is the official? "Xiao Bo said:" I am a husband, why is it asking. There are 太: 'Lieutenant, Anbei can go out temporarily, and want to meet with each other, and I do n’t attack Pengcheng. What is the hard work of the soldiers? "There is a word of words, and politics can be applied to the other country. Said: "I have a country in the court, and the coast of the earth is not dare not. It is the monarch of the neighboring country. Dumen Jiuqiao? "Chang said:" The two kings were not standing with Wei Emperor's barriers, the soldiers were fatigue, this essence was 100,000, and people were fatal and might be lingering. Governing the battlefield, Keri played. "Xiaobo said:" Ordering, the Lord will often be a law, why use the abolition bridge Dimen? In the poor city, why is it over 100,000 exaggerated? I also have a good horse million million , Fu can be this way. "Chang said:" The prince sets the danger, why is it just a decree? If I praise the monarch, when the saying is one million, the one who speaks 100,000 is the ears of the two kings. There are several states in the city, and the workers are still unprecedented. I am a fighting man, not fighting horses. And the north of Jizhi's northern soil, what is the birth of horses, why is Junfu showing up? "Xiao Bo said:" The prince sets a danger, as in the same way, what is the frequent opening and closing, what is Dusse? Where is the meaning of the bridge? The ears of the city. "There are thoughts in the city, tasted to the Beijing Division, and sent it to Shigong. Asked Xiaobo, "Li Shangshu is working." Xiao Bo said: "This matter should be known to each other." Si Anssed: "Fate knows, so I work." Ill. "[4] Sima Guang's" Zi Zhi Tongjian · Volume 69 · Wei Jiyi ": Song and Wei descended, north and south are divided, each of which has the history of each country, and the north is the north. It is said that the south is the island.

[5] Yu Yong's "Communication and Literature Communication of the Northern and Southern Dynasties": The pedestrian environment of the Northern and Southern Dynasties is different from the pre -Qin and Qin and Han dynasties. This table is now: First, its diplomatic objects are exotic regimes. From the perspective of the East Jin Dynasty, the Sixteen Kingdoms to the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty are all strangers in the traditional Central Plains Han nationality. The minority regime is different from the Han Dynasty Han nationality in foreign strategies, exchanges, and diplomatic habits. The diplomatic objects of the two Han Dynasty were completely different from diplomatic culture. Secondly, in diplomacy, mostly maintaining national orthodox as a political background. In the interaction of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the pursuit of political orthodoxity is often hidden in the martial arts and tongue fighting between pedestrians, which reflects the meaning of deep cultural victory.

[6] "The Biography of the Biography of Wei · Biography of the Thirty -5th Lu Yizheng": Min Brother Min, Shu Shida, Xiao Zi Shi Yan, learned the history of classics, sometimes reputable. At the beginning of Taihe, he was a man of the prince, and he was a common servant of the prince, and he made Yu Xiaoye. Gao Zuyu said: "Qing is to the other, do not save me. The dense Jiang Yang, not earlier in the evening, will be things. Mo Yiben is a South, and his words are concerned. If you know what you know first, you want to see it, and you must discuss it. Lu Yan is a gentle gentleman, no more talented talents, or the master and guest to make a poem, but you can lead to Qing. It is known that Mo Yizhen does not do it, and then he will repeat it. Anyone who makes people's body is expensive, do not exaggerate, see the color, loses the body of life. ","

[7] "Northern History · Volume 43 · Xing Ying Biography": Yu Shihe, Liang, Miao Jian hired envoy, Shao and Wei Jijie and from Zi Ziming were entered into the DPRK. At that time, the literati were all Shao, but they were not prestigious, and their names were difficult, and the court did not leave the country. The Nanli asked Bin Si: "Xing Zicai should be the first talent in the north. What is not an ambassador?" Answer Yun: "Zi talent has nothing to do, but the official position is high. The Nan people said: "Zheng Boyi, the guards are still destined, what is the country's sacrifice wine?" Shao couldn't do it, and asked the county.

[8] Liu Yiqing's "New Words of the World": Someone sighed Wang Gong -shaped, Yun: "Well like spring moonlings. Wang Yifu's appearance is beautiful, and he is talked about Xuan Xuan. . Uncle He Ping is beautiful, his face is white; Emperor Wei Ming suspects his fan. Zhengxiayue, and hot soup cakes. "The Northern and Southern Dynasties and Literature Communication": For the strong military forces of the alien regime, the Southern Dynasties actively choose cultural advantages as a strong backing. Important criteria for employment.

[10] "North History · Volume 43 · Lee Harmony": It is the romantic of Shi Shi's words, led by harmony and Longxi Li Shenjun, Fan Yang Lu Yuanming, Beihai Wang Yuanjing, Hongnong Yang Zunyan, and Qinghe Cui. In the beginning of Liang Guo, Miao Jian Xingxing, Shen Jun's throne is high, so five people and other five people succeeded, and Zunyan encountered the disease and returned. Both the north and the south are good, and you must be handsome, and you will have the best choice. Every time Liang entered, he was active, and the children of Guisheng gathered together. And Zhao Yi's "Notes of the 22nd History · Volume 14 · Wei Qi Zhou Su Sui Book of Sui Shi": The reception and employment of its neighboring countries must also choose talents with talents.

[11] Yu Yong's "Communication and Literature Communication of the Northern and Southern Dynasties": Pedestrian diplomacy in the Northern and Southern Dynasties ... Third, the door valve factor runs through diplomatic activities. The phenomenon of the importance of diplomacy in the Northern and Southern Dynasties not only reflects the orientation of the country's diplomacy, but also shows the channels for the exchange of north and south gate valves. Under such changes, in addition to political representatives, pedestrians are more likely to cultural dissemination.

[12] "New Tang Book · Volume 72 · Prime Minister's World Table": Zhang's family named Ji. The fifth son of Huangdi Shaohao Qingyang was a bow, and he began to make a bow. King Zhou Xuan was Zhang Zhong, and his descendants were promoted to doctors. Zhang Hou is old, old -fashioned, skeleton. To Sanqing divided into Jin, Zhang Shi Han. Han Xiang opened the ground, his life, all the five monarchs. Life is good, the word Zifang, Han Li Wen Chenghou. Liangsheng is not doubt. No doubt. Dianzhi. Mo Sheng Da Sima Jin. Jin Sheng Yangling took Qianqiu, the word Wan Ya. Thousands of autumn. The five sons of Songs: Zhuang, 子, Peng, Mu, Shu. Strong. Xun Shenghao, the word Shu Ming, later Han Sikong, the world lives in Wuyang. Haoshengyu, Peiping and Fan Yang eunuchs, avoiding the land of Fangcheng. Yu Sun Fei is like Hou Mengcheng. In the life of Meng Cheng, Wei Yuyang County guards. Life, the word Maoxian, Jin Si Kong, Zhuangwu Gong. Erzi: 祎,. Yan Zi Yan Zhong, San Riding Sales. Shengyu, the word public security, the prince giving up, attacking Zhuang Wu Gong. Born in Hui, Song Liyang eunuch. Erzi: Mu Zhi, An Zhi. The family of Anzhi moved to Xiangyang. Seventeen princes of Zhang. Cambodia, Said, Jiazhen, Yanzhu, Hongjing, Nine -year -old, Benevolence, Renpi, Tin, Wen Yan, Guangfu, Wen Wei, Jun, Juncheng, Da'an, Hao, Liang. And "Taiping Royal Lan" Volume 496 quoted Dong Jin Zhang's "Biography of Scholars": "Leave Hou Hou VII Sun Zhangzan, Zi Ziqing, first living in Wu County, when he is in Wuxian , Virtuous, accumulated good response, descendants'. "

[13] Liu Yiqing's "Speaking New Words of the World": Wu Four Surname, Old Mu Yun: Zhang Wen and Zhuwu, Lu Zhong Guhou. Liu Xiao quoted "Wu Lu · Shilin": "Wu Jun has Gu Lu Zhu Zhang as the four surnames, between the three kingdoms, the four surnames are prosperous."

[14] Zhiyin, "Zhang Zhen Bei", Wu County, Jiangsu: Tai Ning's three years of Tai Sui in Yiyi, Hou Nian 80, 薨. The world is the crown, Rendeonmao. Shi Jin Yuanming, the court of the court. Mrs. Zhenxian, Liang Yuan. Thousands of times, those who saw this were lucky.

[15] "Southern History · Volume 31 · Zhang Yu Biography": Zhang Yu had the beginning of the Song Dynasty, giving early ginseng to the government, and the internal calendar. How is it?

[16] See Sun Zhongwang's "Research on Zhang's Research in the Southern Dynasty".

[17] See Sun Zhongwang's "Research on the Zhang Family of Wujun in the Southern Dynasty": and 14 people who have more than three grades of the Zhang family of Wu County in the first generation of the Liu Song Dynasty, which greatly exceeded the seven people of Chen County Xie's and the 8 people of Wu Xing Shen. At that time, the priests were second only to the second place in Langya. And related statistical information in the paper.

[18] See historical records of historical books Zhang Han, Zhang Shi and other people, as well as Sun Zhongwang's "Research on Zhang's Research in the Southern Dynasty", Zhao Yong'e's "Research on Zhang's Literature during the Qi Liang period", Liu Zili "Song Shu Zhang Changchuan> and the Northern and Southern Dynasties Related discussions in the paper in several issues in culture.

[19] "South History · Volume 32 · Biography 22rd Zhang Changchuan": Xiao Bo asked: "Jun He surname?" Answer Yun: "Surname Zhang." Xiao Bo said: "Zhang Changshi." Chang. "Chang." Chang. "Chang." Said: "How can you see it?" Xiao Bo said: "Jun's sound is far away, and it makes me know."

[20] "Taiping Royal Lan · Serious Zhang, Volume 15": Another said: Zhang Chang was surrounded by Wei Taiwu in Pengcheng, and Taiwu sent Li Xiaobo to the city. Li Bo said: "Junnan soil paste beam, what is 屩? Jun is here, what does the soldiers cloud?" Chang said: " Instead, you can't serve as follows. "

[21] "New Tang Book · Volume One Nineteent9th Biography 214 · Liu Chong": The county surname is made by the Chinese scholars' brothers and brothers. Liang, there are orders and servants. Shang Shu, Ling, and Protector are the surname A, Jiuqing Ruo Fang Bo is the surname B, the Sanqi Changshi, the doctor of Taizhong, the surname of C, and the official department of the official department. Those who get in, the four surnames. [22] "Jinshu · Wenyuan Biography Zhang Han": Sex is filial piety, was worried about by his mother, and was mourned.

[23] "Chen Shu · Biography 26th · Xiaoxing · Zhang Zhao Chuan": Zhang Zhao, the word Deming, Wu County Wu people also. There are filial piety, very good color, and no violation of courtesy. Father, often suffering from thirst, fresh fish, Zhao Nai fishing on the net for fishing for the night. Brother, Xuanming, Smart and Scholars, are also sexual. If the father died, the brothers did not dressed, did not eat salt and vinegar, and only a liter of wheat porridge. Each feeling of sorrow will cause vomiting, and the neighborhoods cry, all cry. The father's service ended, and the mother Lu died again, and the brothers were mourned for six years, describing the bones, and the relatives and friends did not know.

[24] "Liang Shu · Volume 16 · Biography of the Tenth Zhang Ye": The eldest daughter Chu Yan, the suitable convention of the Confucius, no son to return to Zong. When he saw the harm, the woman covered the blade and died first.

[25] "Song Book · Volume 46 · Biography of the Sixth Zhang Shi Biography": Qi Huangmen Shi Lang, Shi Xing Wang Jun after General Situ Zuo Changshi. Without worship, his father died in Wu Xing, and he served him for more than ten days. Every time my uncle, Mao Du stopped, and Yi Yi felt more, and renewed. Mao Du said: "I am better than Ru, but it is beneficial."

[26] "South History · Volume 32 · Biography Twenty -two Zhang Changchuan": Brother Mu is injured by a dog, and Yiyun Yiyi eats shrimp. Smile with a smile first, so the pasto is food, and the creation is healed.

[27] Wang Yongping's "The Family Study and Family Style of the Zhang's Zhang Family in the Six Dynasties": Wu Jun Zhang's ... The genes of Confucianism are still there, and the way of governing the scriptures is not absolute, so as to maintain the inside of the clan in the clan Unity make it continuous.

[28] For example, Zhang Jing wrote "Song Dong Gong Yiji". See "Liang Shu · Volume 8 · Biography Second Prince Zhaoming Prince Biography": In November of three years, began to flourish. Old things, the East Palace is ejaculated, Shuhan is always instrument. The prince was doubtful, and he ordered the servant to shoot Liu Xiaosuo to discuss the matter. Xiaoguo said: "Zhang Jing wrote" East Palace Yiji ", called the" Three Dynasties Madders, and did not raise fun for more than a month; advocating sleeping, and the restrictions of the service. Although the service is segmented, there is no sadness? The song is dropped, and the good is also for this. It is both sad, and it is appropriate to call it together. Called Mu, he cried. "She shot Xu Mian, Zuo Zhi Zhou She, and Jia Ling Lu Xiang with Xiaoguo. Prince Ling said: "Zhang Jing's" Yi Ji "Yun'er" Yi Li Li ", the final service is called mourning." And the cloud "Every three dynasties wore a mournful, more than a month of joy." The righteousness of the end, the righteousness is going to serve, although the service can be segmented, there is no sadness, after crying, often lift happiness, say sadness, this law is in line. , Fate is theory, this is difficult to be one. Use Zhang Jing's movement, abandoning Zhang Jing's name, a mirror words, and different choices. This is also difficult. ; Although it is used in the reunion, it is not unhappy. Nearly, I often ask, and the origin is that there is still a mourning saying. Zhang don’t know how to be happy, and it is small; so use it to be small and small; Suddenly, there are also goodness. As the first Yuanzheng six, things are national chapters; although love or unsafe, etiquette cannot be abolished. It is the same as that of blowing military music. But fate. The vocal music is from outside, the book is inside, and he is happy, the book himself. Zhu Di negotiated, saying "the mourning of mourning, it is better to end the moon." So the book of Fu Dian was used as forever.

[29] "South History · Volume 32 · Biography Twenty -two Zhang Changchuan": Taiwu sent the second king to borrow 箜篌, pipa, zheng, flute and other wares and chess pieces. Xiao Bo's resignation is also the beauty of the north, and it should be answered with smoothly. Xiao Bo and the left and right people sighed with each other.

[30] "The Biography of the 41st Li Xiaobo": The Biography of Li Xiaobo ": Xiaobo Chuanfu's father's business, Boquan Group's words. Meifengyi has a lawful manner ... The secrets of the military and the country are very popular. Consume a secret, when people can know it.

[31] "Biography of the 41st Li Xiaobo": Xiao Bo's style is leisurely and elegant. The ancestor was overjoyed and entered Juexuanchenggong.

[32] "Zizhi Tongjian · Volume 125 · Song Yuanjia 27th Year · Hu San Provincial Evaluation".

[33] "Song Book. Volume 59. Biography Nineteen": Taizu Wen Chang has repeatedly proposed, very good. The ancestor still stopped Pengcheng, called Changchang first, and fulfilled the city, and wanted to establish the town. When the prisoner of the prisoner was in Xiangyang, he was the long history of the king of the south and the prince of the south and the eunuch. It is not fruitful to want Liu Xingzu to be the governor of Qingzhou and Pengcheng.

[34] "Song Book. Volume 59. Biography 19th · Zhang Changzhuan": Thirty years, the Yuan Dynasty is against the mourning day, even if the soldiers are raised, it is Yuan Zuo Pentaging, Yin Ying at the time. After mourning, changed his service, with Huang Wei's folds, a brief out of the hall, the sound of the sound, no attention, all those who saw it would want to live.

[35] "Song Book. Volume 59. Biography 19th · Zhang Changzhuan": Yixuan has a different picture, Cai Chao and others should be promoted by the people and persuaded the righteousness. Add the champion general, lead the prime minister's long history. Bian Xian sent the monk to the capital, because Yan Jun Chen Yixuan provoked. Sengbao had a private goods to stop Baling. From time to time, he would declare his soldiers, and he was cut off. Yi Xuan will be reversed, and Zhai Lingbao is sent to the people: "The impermanence of the court is intended to discuss the Westward discussion, and now I want to send troops to self -defense." Do not return, persuade the righteousness to kill the crowd. That is, he sent the call, stopped at Dongzhai, and did not meet with each other. At the same time, he entered the army and settled the army to collect the people. Although Chang is awarded the text, drinking alcohol is often drunk, not to save documents. Under the east of Xuanyi, Liang Shan was defeated, Yi Xuan ran away, and he returned to the soldiers. General Wang Xuanmo went to the camp by Wang Xuanmo, and he was defeated. Pai Xuanmo went to the public. Xuan Mo was very displeased. The generals wanted to kill him. Send to Beijing Division, Lower Tingwei, cut the norms, with the left and right Shangfang. Find the original. After returning to Du Guan Shangshu, he was transferred, and Dai Zi flunged the prince right guard. [36] "Song Book. Volume 59. Biography 19th · Zhang Changchuan": Xiaowu feast is wise, and Chang is also sitting. He Yan said: "Zhang Changxin is also a talented, and he is a thief with Yi Xuan, but he has no blame. Gou Fei Zhi, An Neng to this!" Chang said: "At the beginning of the first time, who is Huang Qibang?" Bitter. "At the beginning, it was still the culprit, and the righteous teacher went to Xinlin Gate. Everyone fled.

[37] "South History · Volume 32 · Biography Twenty -two Zhang Changchuan": Chang Shao and Congxiong, Prescription, and Mirror are famous, which is the show. Started as the master's book of Xu Pei.

[38] "South History · Volume 32 · Biography Twenty -two Zhang Changchuan": Two years of filial piety, it is the prince of Huiji. Die, Xuan Xuan. Love the disciples, the end of the life, and the grave with the episodes.

[39] "Song Book. Volume 59. Biography 19th · Zhang Changchuan": Shi Chen said: Husband general, the name of the royal masters; Talking about the soldiers, winning thousands of miles, An An cares about the forearm of the Mongolian, and the intestines are involved in blood! The name of Shan Tao said: "Although the general does not need to be strong, it is still suitable to be strong in the army." As a word, the uncle's ability is weak. Du Yu Wenshi Confucianism could not wear a stagnation. Wang Rong put his arm into the forest, and was also sent by special signs. Why the Shanxi martial arts, Liujun Liang's family, and then suffered the weight of the pushing hub. In depth of the prisoner, Xu Fu was shocked, and Zhang Changzheng said that Peng and Xun were in danger. How can he defend the flying and fold the clouds, and Fangzheng makes the poor fake, and the city is safe? The benevolent is courageous.

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