A mistake of Du Fu's poem "North Expedition"

"The emperor is two years of autumn, and the good luck in early August. Du Zi will be a northern convention, and the vast is asking the family." Most misunderstandings.

After the outbreak of Anshi, Tang Xuanzong was Xing Shu and left the prince prisoner. Li Heng held his military power, and finally escaped from Xuanzong's control. As soon as he was in Lingwu, he hurriedly reached Dabao more than twenty days later.

Although Li Heng was originally a prince, Yang Guozhong was in trouble, and the prince's position was in danger, let alone inheriting Dadong. The Anshi Rebellion broke out to Li Heng, then 45 years old. The change of Ma Yiyi, Li Heng secretly manipulated Chen Xuanli, killed Yang Guozhong, forced Xuanzong to kill Yang Guifei, and encouraged the local people to ask Xuanzong to leave him rebellion. During the escape of Xuanzong, the suggestion of Fang Jian asked Xuanzong to divide the world's controlling suggestions, which objectively weakened Li Heng's forces, and Li Heng hated it. In October of the first year of Su Zong to Dede (756), Fang Yan asked him to fight back and chaos. Fang Yan was a cultural position and did not learn the battle. Su Zong Liheng sent eunuchs to supervise the army. As a result, Chen Tao and Qingnaka were defeated twice. At this time, Du Fu took risks to go, and then interacted with Fang Yan, and he wrote to save. Su Zong was furious, thanks to Zhang Hao and other persuasion to avoid a great difficulty, but Du Fu was not happy for Su Zong. In August of the second year of Germany, Du Fu asked for leave to visit his family for a while. After returning home, he wrote this peak work "Northern Expedition".

"Back to Fengxiang, Mo Qi put it to Puzhou." In April of the first year of Dev, Du Fu entered Chang'an from the occupied area and risked to Su Zongxing in Fengxiang. The next day was left. He stopped the new dynasty for less than five months, and was alienated for blocking the house and was forced to explore his house. In December, Yong Wang Li Yan led the army to the north, causing Su Zong to be alert. He broke it in February of the following year and Li Yan was defeated. In March, Guo Ziyi was ordered to go to Fengxiang and was blocked by An Qingxu rebels in the Changan Xiyu River. Guo Shi was defeated. Du Fu was in Fengxiang for several months, and heard about the above military and political measures. He first opposed the borrowing of soldiers in the "Northern Expedition", which was the consensus. However, Su Zong was afraid that others would regain Changan and threaten their rule. Therefore, they borrowed soldiers to return to the back of Chang'an and Luoyang in advance, so as to show their achievements and consolidate their emperor.

The most important Gao Ginseng Li Bi, who is recovering Chang'an in advance, is opposed. The discussion of Li Bi is to go deep into Hedong and Hebei, and cut off the echo of Fan Yang and the enemy of Chang'an. In this way, Shi Siming, who was in the old nest of Hebei, did not dare to leave Fan Yang, and the rebels who occupied Changan did not dare to leave Chang'an. After being captured by Fan Yang, you can rehabilitarize the two Beijing and calm the rebellion for two years. "No need for two years, there is no king in the world", and "endlessly." Su Zong insisted on not listening: "I cut in the love of the morning and dusk, and I can't wait for this decision." Eager to regain Changan and Luoyang Erjing, and welcome the Tai Emperor, and must not be from Li Bi.

The old nest of the rebels was still the most important strategic decision to regain Changan and Luoyang Erjing. This strategic choice is related to the late speed of ending trouble. In this regard, there was a clear statement in the poem of Du Fu's "North Expedition": "Yiluo's palms are observed, and Xijing is not enough. The official army please go deeper, and it will be stubborn. Ji frosty, the righteousness is killing. The disaster turns Hu Sui, and Hu Yue will be captured. Hu Mingqi will be able to take a long time.

The first six verses of "North Expedition" are the choice of this strategy. It seems that Du Fu's suggestion is exactly the same as Su Zong's intention. Qiu Zhaoyao's "Du Shi Detailed Note" said: "It is a famous general unified soldier, and the Qizheng is both out. You can collect two Beijing and Dinghebei, and capture the history of the world. This is the strategy of winning the Wanquan." The urgency is to quickly collect the Beijing ，, and the thief's nest is the hope. "Wang Yan's" Du Shi "said:" As for the recovery of He Luo, he wants to drive the captain to drive the thistle, so the Yun's move was opened, and the rotary look was slightly slightly. Hengxuan '. "Wang's opinion believes that Du Shi's opinion is to" regain He Luo "first, and then" long drive through the thistle ", which is the same as Qiu Zhaoyao and Pu Qilong. Later, the textbooks were not only used here. Only Deng Kuiying and Nie Shizheng's "Selected Works of Du Fu" realized that this was "Du Fu's favor Li Bi", but its explanation did not understand deeply and did not attract people's attention.

Read the first six verses of Du Fu's "North Expedition". After two months, the situation cannot be reversed such a big reversal. These two sentences are that the two Beijing -Yichao fingers are not worth spending much effort. In the future, with the same meaning of the two sentences "Hu Mingqi can be long, the imperial yard is not suitable" at the end of this section. "The official army, please deepen, and the stress can be sent out" is the current urgency. "This move has a green Xu, Xuanzhan is slightly constant", which means that this move can be opened up and Xu, from the southern wing roundabout, Qing and Xu Jixican, self -troops to the nest of Anlu Mountain, this In terms of the previous sentence, "Please deepen" and "Keep". Or you can take "Yiluo's fingers, Xi Jing is not enough. Please go deeper, the official army can go in deepening, and it can be stood up. This move has a green Xu Xu, and the show is slightly constantly. The first sentence of the sentence is regarded as the inversion of the latter three sentences. Essence At this time, Du Fu was a eunuch. If Du Fu's strategic suggestion is consistent with Su Zong, then it becomes the word of Aya, and his "poetic epistle" will be discounted. To this day, there are still misunderstandings about Du Fu's extremely important view, which is popular in various works. In September after Du Fu returned home, Su Zong paid a great price to regain Xijing Changan, and he rewarded the heroes of Lingwu. Du Fu's family was far away from Chang'an in Duzhou (now Shaanxi Fu County), and he heard three songs of "Accepting Beijing". If the "North Expedition" supports Chang'an and Luoyang Erjing first, then this set of poems should be inspired, but this is not the case. The first poem ridiculed Xuanzong's chaos and left Beijing. In the first words, Su Zong's selfishness had been fascinated. His wing Li Bi left, and the emperor had been solid, but he reused Li Fuguo and Zhang Liangzhang. Essence The three words of the three words, because of recovering Chang'an, "miscellaneous prisoners, the highest hero A. Wanfang sent the joy frequently, no one is the sacred work", which means that they are afraid to return to the reward. Hi, Su Zong couldn't help but work again. This is really a great irony of Su Zong, and it is also Du Fu's concern that Changan after recovery may face a new unstable situation.

Su Zong delayed the Pingjian process of the Anshi Rebellion until the first year of Dai Zongbao (762), and he died in the court's palace civil strife. One of the two years after Du Fu's "The Second of the Memory of the past" after Su Zong's death, "Guan Zhongzhong's bad Ji Ji, Zhang Hou is not happy", use the irony pen to nail Su Zong on the column of the shame of history Essence

It is precisely because of Du Fu's misunderstanding of recovering Chang'an and Luoyang Erjing, and "New Tang Book Du Fu Biography" said that "the non -self -inspection is not self -inspection, and it is good to talk about the world's major affairs. Modern scholars also read more. Du Fu's pre -alert to the Tang Dynasty and the conflict of Anshi, including the judgment of the military and political plan after the chaos, was keen and profound in the Tang Dynasty poets. Fighting this, his poems are called "History of Poetry".

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Shaanxi Normal University)

Source: China Social Science Network-Journal of Social Sciences of China

Author: Tao Changjun Wei Gengyuan

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