[Sichuan Opera Audio] "Sichuan Opera's past and present life" Episode 21: Kunqiang of Sichuan Opera Sound

Author:Fang Zhi Sichuan Time:2022.08.17

"Sichuan Provincial Chronicle", today I want to share with you one of the five kinds of Sichuan opera.

Kunqiang evolved after the flow of Kunqu opera into Sichuan. Kunqu is the oldest opera accent in my country. It has a history of more than 600 years. It has been in Suzhou from Kunshan. After hundreds of years of inheritance, it has a wide range of popular areas. "Su Kun" in Jiangsu area evolved.

The specific age of Kunqu's introduction to Sichuan remains to be verified. However, in the "Biography of the Old Poetry of Yongshangye" by Li Wenyun at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the records of the Kunqu "Red Plum Blossoms" in Shuzhong and Lingnan Lingren sang the Kunqu "Red Plum Blossom". After the Qing Dynasty, the officials and celebrities who entered Sichuan and the celebrities habitually set up their family classes. Yue Zhongqi, the governor of Sichuan and Shaanxi in Yongzheng, and Fukang, then the governor of Sichuan, often invited "Shan Ge Ling people to move Kunqu to help the dinner and help Xingxing . "During the Qianlong period, Sichuan opera theorist Li Shiyuan returned to his hometown and held the Kunqu family class in his hometown. The degree of popularity of Kunqu in Shu land is evident.

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, there was a "dispute between flowers and elegance" in the Chinese opera industry. It is generally believed that the elegance refers to the Kunqiang, while the flower department is the collective name of the Beijing cavity, Qin cavity, Puyang cavity, Xunzi, and two yellow tones. The conclusion ended, Ya Bubu finally defeated, and Kunqu opera gradually declined. During the Jiaqing period, the court asked each official to not be allowed to support their homes, and Kunqu had lost the support of officials and was forced to go to the people.

Sichuan opera Kunqiang, the tunes are delicate and gentle, the music structure is rigorous, and the music brand music system is used to express the plot and portraying the characters. However, it combines the bite of the local language in Sichuan. Most of the accompaniment instruments are mainly Qu Di. After 1949, they added ethnic musical instruments such as Erhu, Pipa, and Yangqin. The accompaniment method of the Kun cavity is to follow the cavity and the cavity. Generally, the cavity is flute, the cavity falls, and sometimes it also adds a small number of doors in the singing cavity according to the needs of the performance. Kunqiang's gongs and drum performances applied the Sichuan opera's gongs and drum programs, but they replaced the gongs and big gongs into Su Gong and Su Shi to create the "Suwei" of the gongs and drums, and to distinguish the gongs and drum accompaniment in other sound cavity.

The Sichuan opera opera class first sang the Kunqiang, and they all moved a folding Kunqian opera to sing. However, during the performance, there was a situation of dissatisfaction with soil and water. Due to the singing method of Kunqiang vomiting, especially the "water mill" southern song, there are very strict and standardized sets. Generally, it is difficult for Sichuan opera artists to truly understand and master. In addition, the gentle and delicate singing of the Kunqian and the appreciation of the appreciation of the Sichuan people The contrast is relatively large, so it is difficult to find the appropriate growth soil in Sichuan. As a result, most Kunqu dramas, especially some talented and beautiful dramas that sang with Nanqu, have been changed to Sichuan opera, Huqin, or played drama to sing. In other plays, except for a few in the form of a folding drama, most of them are still singing with Kun cavity, and most of them are gradually extinct on the Sichuan opera stage.

Some Kunqiang repertoires have been changed to other voices of Sichuan opera, or for their origin, or for the plot, they retain one or two Kunqian song cards, such as the Kunqu song card in the high drama "Si Fan" [ Recite] and [Wind Blow Lotus Leaf Esha], but these single tunes retained as "episode" in other sound cavity, their singing cavities are no longer the singing method of Jiangnan authentic Kun cavity, but to varying degrees "Vulgarization" and "Chuanhua".

This kind of "Chuanhua" and "vulgarization" kunchen cavity drama has a small number. In most cases, the Kun cavity exists in various Sichuan opera plays in the way of "Kun head". "Kuntou" is a form of a cavity of the Sichuan opera vocal. Some of the high dramas in the Sichuan opera, such as "Beating God", used a kunchen cavity in front of [Duanzheng], and then turned into the high cavity to sing. In addition to the high drama, there are also many cases in the Sichuan opera Huqin singing with Kun head, such as Xue Rengui's singing section in "Visit the White Robe", and the singing section of Wu Zixu in "Yuzen Temple". Cybers. The use of Kun's head has enriched the plate -type and connecting connection of high cavity and Huqin cavity, which is conducive to expressing the transformation of the emotions in the play. Its existence has added more artistic expression to the Sichuan opera accent.

Although the development of Sichuan opera has gradually weakened in the Sichuan opera in the Sichuan opera, the impact of its impact on Sichuan opera still cannot be underestimated. Regardless of the past, now or in the future, it will show its own on the stage of the Sichuan opera. Artistic charm.

"Sichuan Province, Sichuan Opera" shows you the charm of Sichuan opera.

This show was jointly produced by the Sichuan Provincial Local History Office and Chengdu Radio and Television Station.

Thank you "Du Jianhua Studio" Du Jianhua's special guidance!