Looking back at Mr. Ma Xingyuan's earth structure concept

Mr. Ma Xingyuan talked to Professor So Shutian: "Others say that I am a small structure, in fact, I am more keen on the research of the earth structure." In fact, Mr. Ma is a model of a large structure and a small structure, combining macro and micro, and a model. In the field of earth structure, I am one of the people who have the most contact with Mr. Ma. I have repeatedly asked Mr. Ma for a long time and discussed and exchanged for a long time. The ideological context of Mr. Ma's earth structure can be summarized into four stages.

(one)

Qian Cambrian Earth Structure — Choose an unfinished deserted land type experimental field

The history of the former Hanwuji has a long history, the metamorphic rock is ancient, and the structure is extremely complicated. Among them, a large number of mineral resources are also contained in the early history and origin of the earth. It is also a hard bone that is difficult and taste. At that time, there were not many people who were committed to studying it, especially in the early Cambrian land structure.

Mr. Ma Xingyuan, based on the concept of "seeking the mystery of Taiku and seeing the true meaning of the ancients", was just established when the Beijing Academy of Geological Institute was first established, and he organized Wutai Mountain -Taihangshan scientific research collective to lead young teachers and students to engage in the former Cambrian geological structure. Research. He creatively proposed a new idea of ​​combining the combination of deterioration rock science with the deformation structure. He believes that the former Hanwu Geological Mineral is the result of the deep flow of the crustal flow. Innovation proposes "cute ground", "cute ground grooves", "cute ground grooves", "cute ground grooves", "cute ground grooves, New concepts such as "in -situ" and "in situ" have opened up the precedent of the study of the former Cambrian earth structure in my country.

(two)

Regional Earth Structure -Create China Earth Structure Teaching and Research Center

Mr. Ma Xingyuan has always wanted to build Beijing Institute of Geology into one of the center of my country's geological teaching and research. Through the summary of the collective experience and lessons of the scientific research collective experience and lessons in the early period, he realized that first of all, we must first establish a stable teaching and research collective combining multi -discipline.

In 1960, he consolidated the construction of the Pu Di Teaching and Research Room in the construction group, landforms and new structural groups, and the Chinese regional geological group of the Earth History and Research Office. The survey team constitutes a huge teaching room with 5 teaching groups and nearly 70 people.

In accordance with the requirements of the overall goal, Mr. Ma, according to the specialty of the team backbone members, requires everyone to have a clear research direction and goal, choose the right field base, and conduct a solid work and various tests, analysis and research in the room. Everyone finally discussed, summarized and improved. Mr. Ma's conversation when I arranged for my research direction still remembered: "You do this well, and you must insist on the deposition of the middle and new generations in the future and the structure of the new generation. Wu Ji deteriorating rocks and metamorphic structures. Everyone divides the work to do his job well. You are now Mr. Zhang Wenyou's teaching assistant, and you must learn from him. Now Mr. Zhang is in cooperation with the Soviet Union's academician Yang Shen to compile the Eurasian Earth Construction Map, Recently, I will have a seminar in the mid -term exchange in Beijing, and I have to conduct wild geological investigations after the meeting. I have told Mr. Zhang. You must participate in this event throughout the event. You must seize this good opportunity. " Mr. Ma also arranged for me to go to Changchun Institute of Geology to follow Mr. Ye Zhijing and Professor Meng Xianghua for studying and building.

During that time, everyone worked together to make the regional geological teaching and research room make a sound. The article "Several Basic Issues in China Structure" written by several teachers in the organization of Mr. Ma systematically reflect Mr. Ma's concept of earth structure. This article was published in the Geological Journal in 1961, and published in the Foreign Language Edition of the Geology Journal in 1962 to introduce its own concept of land structure to foreign countries.

In the early 1960s, in order to meet the needs of the "China Geological Geology" classroom teaching in the census, Mr. Ma organized teachers and students to jointly write the teaching materials "China Geological", that is, the teacher explained to the classmates to explain the structure of the Chinese land to the classmates first. Overview, and then organize teachers to lead students to collect information in each geological unit library and data room according to different earth structure units. The teacher was sent to the publisher after the manuscript. The book was edited by Ma Xingyuan, signed by the regional geological teaching and research room, and published by Industrial Publishing House in 1963. Due to the outstanding performance of the Geological Teaching and Research Office of China and was rated as the advanced collective of Beijing, Tan Yingjia attended the awards ceremony on behalf of the teaching and research office.

(three)

Gravity structure and structural analysis -a breakthrough of a concept of structural concept, triggering the sublimation of structural ideas

In the early 1960s, a group of teachers such as Liu Zhaochang, Zhu Hong, Zhu Hong, Suo Shutian, Guo Tieying, Yu Xiu, and Wen Lifeng of the district teaching and research rooms prepared lessons in the Songshan area for the production internship base of students. The structure here is extremely complicated. The new and old structures are stacked together. The pictures filled out by different people are different and cannot be connected. Guo Tieying adopted the most "stupid" method to pursue directly along the geological boundary, and found that many different times of "drift" on the top of the mountains, the shapes are different, the internal structure is different, which is very puzzling. Yu Yixiu proposed that this is a gravity structure, and after everyone's further work, they basically unified their understanding. This discovery was highly valued by Mr. Ma later, and immediately arranged for cable fields and Wen Lifeng to continue the research on gravity structure. At that time, Mr. Ma was unhappy, and he went to Songshan to insist on studying 22 years and achieved many breakthrough results. The breakthrough of the gravity structure of this time has induced the sublimation of the two ideas: one is to fully understand the significance of gravity in the evolution of gravity in the evolution of the earth; the other is to focus on the research of constructive methodology. Mr. Ma absorbs the essence of foreign structure analysis, strain analysis, strain analysis, and comprehensive comparative analysis, and combines China's structured reality to create an analysis and structure. The system discusses important geological concepts such as constructor replacement, constructor superposition and structural sequence. In view of the above -mentioned understanding, in 1979, the National Conference on Structure of Construction in 1979, at that time, the leaders of the eight universities in my country appeared to clarify their respective views, and Mr. Ma Xingyuan chose a gravity structure. In 1981, the "Songshan Structure Deformation: Gravity Structure and Structure Analysis" was published. In 1982, the article "Overview of Gravity Structure" was published, and the book "Structure and Structure Movement" was published in 1988.

(Four)

Open and closing structure -marching towards the global structure

At the end of 1978, Mr. Ma Xingyuan decreased with us after he transferred to the State Earthquake Administration. In the summer of 1983, we suddenly received a letter from Mr. Ma Xingyuan and invited us to participate in the editing work of the "1: 4 million Chinese Earth Construction Map" in the "Chinese Rock Circle Dynamic Atlas". When he met, he said, "Welcome to participate in the editor, but I want to tell you that no one we have compiled here. We have strong ability to compile here. It is not easy to accept my point of view, so you don't want to lead the tail. " When discussing the planning plan, Mr. Ma Xingyuan made it clear that he should take the constructive movement as the outline and outline. He said: "In the past, I proposed in the regional geological teaching and research room to propose eight structures in the regional geological teaching and research room. The English names are opening and closing. When he saw everyone's support, he excitedly said: "The word" '"" The "Following' 'Follower" is very willing. It absorbs the essence of the structure of the plate, and it is precise, concise and good, which also reflects the characteristics of Chinese text beauty. I even want to use it as the compilation of the entire geological atlas. " After the meeting, Mr. Ma was very happy to take a photo with us.

In the instructions of the geological basic drawing group of the atlas, Mr. Ma further explained the "opening" and "combination" structure for the guidance of the editor, and wrote: "Now many geologists are compiled according to the perspective of the sector. When we compile the "former Cambrian Earth Construction Map" and "China Earth Construction Map", we try to use the ocean to open '' to the main line to analyze the structure environment, identify the constructor, and follow the principles and the principles of the structure and the structure of the structure. Methods, comprehensively propose the structure grids of each stage. "

In the editor, I also discussed with Mr. Ma on the formation mechanism of the co -structure movement. Mr. Ma put forward the main reason for gravity. At that time, I did not know enough about gravity. I believed that the gravity structure was only the structure of the surface of the crust. Constructive driving force. After listening, Mr. Ma said angrily: "How can you say this? Gravity is the ubiquitous and inexhaustible energy sources on the earth. You say it is not gravity, what is it? "I replied that it should be a thermal energy. After thinking about it for a moment, he said: "Thermal energy is also very important, that is, the gravity energy and thermal energy work together!" This conversation laid a good foundation for us to determine the exact meaning and dynamic mechanism of the opening and closing structure.

After the draft of the picture was compiled, Mr. Ma immediately instructed me to write the article "The" Kai "and" Combine "" of the Chinese land structure. The paper was published in 1984 and was considered a sign of the birth of the theory of opening and closing. The sorting of the thesis author should be ranked first in Mr. Ma, but he said, "Yang Weiran, you are now mature, you should pick the beam." I repeatedly quit, Mr. Ma said, "I have talked to Mr. Wang Hongzheng, and Mr. Wang is also this opinion." Persist to list me first, and put it myself. Whenever I think of the concern and cultivation of my two old gentlemen, I will shed tears excitedly. Later, when the teaching and research room contained Mr. Ma's work, when editing and publishing the book "Analysis Structure", the principle of included was to accept only Ma Xingyuan as the first author. I made a request to Wu Zhengwen, and now it should be the time to give the author of "opening and closing structure". He agreed to include the only article that the first author was not Ma Xingyuan.

After the sketch of 1: 4 million large construction sketches, we withdrew from the editorial work. In the future, a large number of work such as modification, improvement, editing, and publishing was completed by Professor Zheng Jiandong. On the eve of parting, Mr. Ma asked Guo Tieying to eat at his house, opened a bottle of whiskey wine brought back from abroad, and talked while drinking. The development process of the teaching and research room of the area, Mr. Ma was very excited and sent a lot of "grievances". But it is more about the nostalgia for the teaching and research room, hoping that the teaching and research room will make greater results. When talking about the opening and closing structure, on the one hand, he emphasized the significance of the opening and closing structure, and also "complained" although the working conditions of the State Earthquake Administration are very good, but there are too many jobs, and they can't take the time. Special research, I hope that the two of us can persist. After returning to school, we did not live up to Mr. Ma's entrustment. I focused on the Qinling -Dabie Mountain Belt and the Fenwei -Baikal Rift Valley. Guo Tieying took the research of the opening and closing structure with the green Tibet Himalaya to build a mountain belt.

In 1992, Zhao Yanming, Yu Ji, Yang Guangrong, and me. When he visited Mr. Ma, he excitedly brought out the newly edited "Jiangsu Xiangshui to Inner Mongolia Manchu Di La Xue Noodles" to us, and also discussed with me how to discuss how The identification of the deep opening and closing structure is proposed to develop the research of the opening and closing structure into the deep. When he learned that there are four groups in our country studying and opening up the structure but some inconsistent understanding, Mr. Ma said, "You can unite to do it, learn from each other, take advantage of each other, and make progress together." Scholars with different structured views are often requested to be an academic report. Mr. Zhang Wenyou is requested to give lectures and send young teachers to them to study, prompting the district teaching and research room and even school to establish an excellent academic style of academic freedom.

Mr. Ma died in 2001 and we were very sad. In 2002, we followed Mr. Ma's teachings, and took the initiative to contact other colleagues who opened the consequences. Under the National Construction Geological Professional Committee, we established an opening and closing structure team to hold a meeting and academic exchanges. Wu Zhengwen, then Secretary -General of the Construction Professional Committee, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. The meeting was supported by the editorial department of the Geological Bulletin, and decided that the album of the "Open and Coming Construction" was decided. In the "Open and Close Construction" album published in "Geological Notice" in 2004, Mr. Ren Jishun, then director of the construction professional committee, wrote the preface to the album. The rhythm is often new. "Mr. Ma Zongjin gave poetry:" Open and closes the structure plate as a boat, the hot and cold phase is polymorphic.

In 2016, Zhang Kang, Li Shunxian and I met accidentally. Talking about Mr. Zhang Wenyou and Mr. Ma Xingyuan's last instructions during his lifetime entrustment "Mo Wugu Constructing Basic Research", he couldn't help crying. In summary, three consecutive opening and closing structures were published. In the summary of the opening and closing structure, the author keeps in mind the teaching of Mr. Ma's "opening and closing structure to develop to the deep", and the "joint function of gravity energy and thermal energy" mentioned when discussing the power of the structure with Mr. Ma. The opening and closing campaign made a re -determination: the backward movement movement on the level of the earth's material (geological body) is the opening, each other's movement, and the upward centrifugal movement is the opening and the heart movement. From the perspective of the drive mechanism The substance floating movement of thermal energy (thermal energy) is defined as the main body, and the motion of gravity (potential energy) as the main body is defined as a combination. At the same time, according to the characteristics and laws of the opening and closing movement, and the relationship with other earth movements, the internal operation system and its dynamic mechanism of the earth have been established, and the evolution of the earth is divided into nuclear earth, original earth, nuclear mantle earth, and modern earth. The four stages and eight opening and closing rotations, so that the opening and closing structure has been a new step towards the global structure.

By reviewing the four stages of the study of Mr. Ma Xingyuan's land structure, we can see that each stage has clear goals and outstanding characteristics. At the same time, different stages are interrelated, the research space is continuously expanded, and the research content is deeper. In particular, the spirit of the team that runs around the four stages around the common goal, the division of labor is responsible and helps each other; the spirit of the craftsmanship of serious and responsible, the spirit of excellence; Our heart made us truly understand that before Mr. Ma died, Tan Yingjia and Wu Wenwen visited him the true meaning and good intentions of the "long live spirit" note, and the affection of admiration was born. Mr. Ma Xingyuan is a master of geological structure with ideals, vision, courage, organizational talents, and innovative results. He is a good teacher who has personality, graceful, preaching, and good deeds.

Mr. Ma always lives in our hearts!

Wen | Yang Weiran Guo Tieying Li Shunxian

WeChat Editor ｜ College Student Reporter Ge Xinyu

Review ｜ Wei Haiyong Wang Junfang

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