Qianlong personally wrote a poem on his poems. Where is the Chunxi Hospital of Yuanmingyuan?

How big is the Yuanmingyuan in history? Many people think that the Yuanmingyuan of the Qing Dynasty consisting of the three gardens of Yuanming, Changchun, and Qichun, and called it "Yuanming Three Garden". In fact, in addition to the above three gardens, the Yuanmingyuan of the Qing Dynasty also included Xi Chunyuan and Chunxi. hospital. Xi Chun Garden is located in Tsinghua University, and can still find many of the monuments of Xichun Garden that year. Where is the Chunxi Courtyard? For a long time, historians have different opinions on the specific location of Chunxi Academy. Some think that Chunxi Academy is located south of the Wanquan River on the south side of Qichun Garden, that is, the northern region of Peking University today; some are the real address of the Chunxi Academy in the "Er River Kai" area outside the northeast wall of Changchun Garden Essence

The author wrote "Shuchun Garden and its Rolling Revolution" and "Shuchun Garden and Chunxi Academy", which introduced the relevant situation of Chunxi Yuan. Recently, the author read some historical writings and found some new information from it, and then wrote this article. It is hoped that through discussion and research with experts from all parties, verifying each other, and continuous progress and improvement, we will draw a conclusion close to the true history.

Yuanmingyuan Site Park Photography: Fang Fei

Shihuan Garden Stone Painting Site

The predecessor is the northern half of Shuchun Garden

Shuchun Garden was a prince garden built in the 46th year of Kangxi (1707). In the first month of that year, seven princes were set up to build garden north of Changchun Garden. Due to the stenosis of the local area, only four gardens were built, and the other three princes built three gardens east of Changchun Garden.

The earliest records of Shuchun Garden seen from historical materials were the "Daqing Society Classic Examples" contained in: "In the 28th year of Qianlong, the Shuchun Garden and Beilou Gate of the Yuanmingyuan were placed in the water field. Thirteen acres of six cents and three centimeters, and the year -old leased silver for 39 two, one dollar, nine cents, and five cents. "These two lines of text provide valuable information, but people have a big difference in understanding. This description not only made people realize that Shuchun Garden had been recovered by the internal affairs government, managed by Yuanmingyuan, but also had a large area.

In the 28th year of Qianlong (1763), the university student Fu Heng relocated from the Spring Heyuan in the southeast of Yuanmingyuan to Shuchun Garden on the south side of the Avenue. He moved to the north of Shuchun Garden. The emperor's eleven prince Yongzheng was moved into Chunhe Garden, and the "New Labor Gong Ji" of Yongzheng's "Give New Residence Gong Ji on the Sixth April". Fu Heng, the word Chunhe, inlaid with the yellow flag, is the pepper house in power and the kiss. His sister is the emperor's most beloved Emperor Filigarette's Queen Fucha. Heng Second Son Fulongan. Fu Heng was adequated by the guards, the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Households Shangshu, the Great Giant of the Guard, Baohe Hall University, and Chief Military Aircraft Minister, becoming the prime minister of the dynasty under one person.

Fu Heng moved to the northern half of Shuchun Garden, including later Mingheyuan and Langrun Garden. He carried out a large -scale renovation of the old garden, and named the new garden named Chunheyuan according to the old example. After Fu Heng lived in the spring and garden, he still dedicated his loyalty and devoted himself to the war of the war of the Governor Kimchawa. Emperor Qianlong put Fu Heng first when Ziguang Pavilion was a portrait of hundreds of heroes. After the death of Fu Heng in the thirty -five years of Qianlong (1770), Chunhe Park was recovered by the Internal Affairs House.

In the forty -five years of Qianlong (1780), two things happened about Shuchun Garden. One is under the subordinate of the Minister of Management of the Yuanmingyuan Park, set up a deputy to the Eight Pinyuan Garden of Chunxi Courtyard to manage the affairs of this garden. Later in the official document of the Qing Dynasty, "Example of the Disposter Government of Qin Ding's Internal Affairs, the Yuanming Garden Volume" recorded: "(the first month of the 47th year of the Qianlong), the purpose of Shuchun Garden was changed to the Chunxi Courtyard", which shows that the government is in the forty of Qianlong In five years, it has been decided to change the Shuchun Garden to Chunxiyuan, and the construction of the new garden has been started. By the 47th year of Qianlong, the preparation work can be opened.

Qianlong gave poems for Chunxi Academy

The construction of the Chunxi Academy is not very large. It was built on the basis of the northern half of Shuchun Garden, namely Chunheyuan, and the buildings are mainly concentrated in the west of the park. After the completion, Qianlong had a total of 16 (Zhang), such as the pairs, horizontal batch, and stripes of the halls in various halls. It is also necessary to hang these paintings in the designated hall.

Emperor Qianlong came to Chunxi Courtyard in the 47th year of Qianlong (1782), and came a few more times, and each time he came to the Lantern of the Yuan Festival, there must be poetry, and the poem was inseparable from the word "spring". For example, the poem "Chunxi Courtyard": "Everything comes to spring, but it is not good. This courtyard is unique and the broke is because of the name.对 ... "Emperor Qianlong's important architectural landscapes in the garden, such as Chunrun Hall, Zhenzhan Room, Jingjuanzhai, Rongyuan Hall, etc., all of which were chanting poems, leaving a historical mark.

There are not many construction projects in Chunxiyuan. The expenses built each year are recorded in the expenses of the Yuanmingwu Garden such as Hexiang and Fuden'an. From the 51st year of Qianlong (1786) to the second year of Jiaqing (1797), they were reported at the end of December. For example, the mighty on the 25th of the fifty -seventh year of Qianlong: "Yuanming Garden, Changchun Garden, Xichun Garden, Qichun Garden, Chunxi Courtyard, etc. are sporadic to repair each temple, find supplementary decorations, dig a simple window Heart, adhesive wind damage hook, adhesive bridge, vine rack, decorative hook walls, built large walls, fishing piles of collapsed mountains and rocks, docks, demolition of mountains and rocks Five Garden Sticky Repair Match, calculate it according to the inverted sales, the labor silver is 11,253 two -three -thirds, three -thirds. "The larger projects of each park are listed in the" List " Specific projects are rarely included in the List. The largest one I currently see is the "Single Senior Silver Silver Silver Silver Silver" (1792) in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). The Chunxi Yuan is the most important one in the Beijing West Royal Garden. Emperor Qianlong has not visited many times. The poem collection of Emperor Jiaqing's Emperor Jiaqing and the "Collection of Shi Yu Book House Poems" and "Jiaqing Royal Poetry Collection" did not find a poem of Chunxi Academy. After Qianlong came to the garden in the 53rd year of Qianlong (1788) to write a poem "Helai Xuan", he did not see the poem of Chunxi Academy again. Since then, Chunxi Yuan has basically been idle. It is worth mentioning that after the Emperor Qianlong saw the memorials of the work of engineering material silver in the first year of Jiaqing (1796) on December 4th, Fu Changan, the Chun Runtang, etc. There seems to be no need for this Royal Garden. So, who did he give Chunxi Courtyard?

The southern part of Shuchun Garden gave He Xie

Another thing happened in the forty -five years of Qianlong, that is, Emperor Qianlong rewarded the southern half of Shuchun Garden to peace. One year before, Qianlong just pointed out his favorite and Princess Xiaoxiao to his son Feng Shende Yinde, and gave a foundation on the south bank of the Shicha Sea to build a house.

After He Xun won the new reward garden, he personally planned and designed to start large -scale construction projects. He dug the paddy field in the garden into a lake. The center of the lake was imitated by the Pengdao Yaotai of the Yuanmingyuan to build a rocky island and pavilion. It also created the corresponding scenic spots on the piano of the Royal Garden on the south bank of the Hunan. After the completion of all gardening projects, He Xun renamed the new garden "Ten Park Garden". Zhao Tian gave the proper evaluation in "Xiaoting Miscellaneous Records": "The northwest of the Jingshi is near Haidian, with a spoon garden, which is made by Mingmi Wanzhong. The structure is elegant, and now the collection of the Xianyuan is a straight place in the six dynasties. Other princes are built, and the best of the same is the best. "

In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), after the fell down, the prince ministers such as Qinggui, Sheng, Yongzhang, and Mian En were responsible for checking the family property and listing the results of the search. According to the "All Criminal Case File of Hedu Crime" in the Chinese First History Archives, the list contains the "1 Qinci Garden (Six4 Tower, Twelve Corporations, Twelve Couples, and Twelve Twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -twenty -two -ones one. Name). "This is the ten garden on the banks of the Wanquan River.

Fu Changan was dealt with with He Xun. Fu Changan is also the pet minister of Emperor Qianlong. He made a few times of war, and Ziguang Pavilion hung his portrait portrait. In the "Family Family Manufacturing List", there is one: "Now it is found to have a Fuxing'an Garden, with a total of 674 rooms, a total of 283 rooms and pavilions ... . "When Fu Changan was rewarded by the emperor's reward, it was not recorded, but only Chunxi Academy could be rewarded to him. Therefore, the author speculated that Emperor Qianlong gave Chunxi Courtyard to Fu Changan before his death.

From the "Qi Changan Family Manufacturing List", we can see that there are 674 rooms in Fuchang'an Garden. I have never seen the specific number of Chunxi Courtyard rooms in other materials, but according to the statistics of Chunheyuan, Mirror Chunyuan, and Minghe Garden of Chunxiyuan, although the number of rooms has increased or decreased due to inheritance, it can be roughly consistently consistent Essence The total number of rooms in these three gardens is 153, 174, and more than 300 rooms, a total of more than 600, which is generally consistent with the number of rooms in Fuchang'an Garden.

Originally, when calculating the existence of Chunxi Courtyard, the 45th year of Qianlong (1780) at the name of Qianlong was given to the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802) that the "Chunxi Academy" was given to Princess Zhuang Jinggu Lun. Existing 23 years. However, the historical fact was that Emperor Qianlong had given Chunxi Academy to Chang'an in the three years of Jiaqing (1798). In fact, Princess Zhuang Jing is the eastern section of Futong'an Garden. It can be seen that Chunxi Yuan, one of the five Yuanshan Garden, actually exists only 19 years.

After the order was given to himself, Fu Changan was processed from wide and sent to Yuling as a tea for the Tang Ah. Later He died in the twelve years (1817).

"The Old Smell of the Restaurant" about the Erhe Gate

Mingheyuan Yuchi

In the "Jiaqing Huan He Case", the fourteen years have shown the reward of Fu Chang'an Garden

Heye's family property is partially returned

Emperor Jiaqing cleaned up and registered the mansion and the western suburbs of Fu Changan, and rewarded them to the princes and princesses respectively. He first gave the east of Shuchun Garden to the east of the concubine. Duan still appreciates the ten princesses and the gentleman Yinde live. "

In the fifty -four years of Qianlong, he was named a prince. In the five years of Jiaqing, he awarded the ancestors. His poems were also highly respected. After the death of Yongzheng, the east of Shuchun Garden was under the management of the internal government. After a long time, uninhabited, and the garden scene was deserted. On a style of the national library collection, it is marked as "Prince Rui Garden" at Shuchun Garden. In the western part of Huan Shuchun Garden, Emperor Jiaqing still gave him a living with Princess Filial and Filigue and Feng Gong, Yin De. Feng Shen Yinde is the son of He Xun. Emperor Jiaqing saw that he was the most loved by Emperor Xiao Tao. It "lives at home, not allowed to nourish." In the fifteenth year of Jiaqing (1810), Feng Shen Yinde went home and died of illness, and died in the 19th year of Jiaqing.

After the death of Feng Shen Yinde, he returned the garden to the internal affairs government because of his financial power without financial resources. After Emperor Jiaqing's death, he gave 6,000 silver to the emperor and the princess of the Emperor and the Emperor of the Emperor. Emperor Daoguang also cares about this aunt. In April of the first year of Daoguang, the Internal Affairs Government would check the "Hengsheng Dang" of the Grandpa and entered the government. In some nearby fields, Garne rewards and Princess Xiao as the field.

The western section of Shuchun Garden, who lives with Princess Xiaofeng and Fengshen Yinde, has been separated from the East Section of Prince Garden, but it is still called Shuchun Garden. The title "Shuchun Garden Peony Shouzhe is cut to the Li Zhi Fu" as the testimony. At this time, there were only dozens of acres in Shuchun Garden, and there were more than 100 acres of Shiyuan Garden in the world, while the Shuchun Garden in the 28th year of Qianlong reached 300 acres. If you think of Shuchun Garden, he thinks it is more than a hundred acres of Shuchun Garden, then you cannot correctly understand the true appearance of Shuchun Garden in the garden inheritance.

At the end of Guangxu, the Prince Yiyi, who lived in the west of the Shuchun Garden in the west of the Shuchun Garden, visited Shuchun Garden twice. In the poem and four poems of "The Mid -Autumn Festival Touring Shu (Shu) Spring Garden Four Laws", he showed the actual situation of the garden at the time. The poem preface wrote: "It was the garden Qianlong reign to He Xiangxiang, and the official was not enrolled. It is rumored that the forbidden garden project is taken as 兹. After that, then deserted. "

According to the "Case of Jiaqing" and "Records of Jiaqing Chao" and "Examples of the Qing Dynasty", Emperor Jiaqing rewarded the gardens that did not bless Chang'an to the emperor relatives. Duan gave Yi Chun. It was not recorded in the historical materials that the middle section was later given to Qing County Wang Yongzheng; later, the East Duan rewarded Princess Zhuang Jinggu in the name of the Chunxi Academy.

Fu Chang'an Garden was divided into three points

According to the above, the Fuchangan Garden has been divided into three. If the author's demonstration of the Chunxi Academy's argumentation of Fuden Park, it means that Chunxi Academy is divided into three.

In the "Big Wall of the Yuanming Garden" drawn during Daoguang years, it is marked as "Prince Yiyi Garden" in the southeast of the South Garden (back to Qichun Garden) and the southeast of Hongqiao. In the "Minghe Garden" written by Wang Yizhi, Rui County, it is also said that the garden "once gave the first to Prince Yu Boyi, and lived in a few years." Minghe Garden is the western section of the original Chunxi Yuan.

Minghe Garden is a water -view garden. The streams in the garden are abundant, forming three large water surfaces, which are Zhonghu, East Lake, and West Lake. The walls of the edge of the water, the continuous Turoka rockery stands in the garden. Between the green mountains and green water, the pavilion pavilion is scattered, and three different settlements are formed, which are the east, middle, and west, with a total of more than 300 rooms. During Tongzhi Guangxu years, Yi Xie, the son of Prince Hui, lived in Minghe Garden, but the garden scene was out of downturn. Yixi, who lives next to Wei Xiyuan, should come to the garden to watch. In the relevant poem note: "Minghe Garden Cheng Bitang gave the banquet place for the five uncle (Mian Yu) in the past, and the Gengshen Hou Ju was Mao Cao."

In the early years of the Republic of China, Xu Shichang, who had been the president of the Beiyang government, rented the Minghe Garden and the East Section of Jingchun Garden for 400 yuan each year, and renamed the "Dianbei Garden". Soon, he dismantled the building in the garden, and the brick and wooden materials were transported to build his own house.

After the middle section of the Chunxi Academy was given to Qing County Wang Yongzheng, it followed the name of Chunhe Garden until Daoguang's 30 -year style room to investigate the situation of the architecture, and still titled "Qichun Garden Qianchun Heyuan". After Yongzheng moved in, this garden was also called "Qingjun King Garden". Yongzheng made a brief renovation of Chunhe Garden. The pattern in the park is still, and the name of the main building has not been changed.

Yongzheng was born in May of the thirty -first year of Qianlong (1766). During Emperor Qianlong's eighty -year -old life, the elder brother sealed the king, and only Yongzheng was sealed as Belle. He once said frankly to the people: "Even if the emperor is as many as rain, there will be no rain dripping on me. In the future, who will be the emperor who can give me the mansion of the concubine and be satisfied. "Later, his brother Xun became Emperor Jiaqing, and he really rewarded him in the eastern section of He Yanfu. Later, Jinfeng was the king of Qing County, and he gave him Chunhe Garden. After Yongzheng's death, his juniors were captured for serving Zhong Na, and Chunhe Park was recovered by the Internal Affairs House.

Emperor Daoguang's sixth son Gong Yizheng, who won the spring peace garden in the first year of Xianfeng (1851). After the renovation of the repair, Emperor Xianfeng gave "Run Run". After the completion of Langrun Garden, Emperor Xianfeng wrote a plaque for the main building in the garden. The "Le Jingtang" in the middle of the Zhongxuan Xuan Xuan and "Huahua" Xuan plaque. The "Enhui Yuqing" of Dong Institute was renamed "Zhengyi Zhai", and "Chenghuai Xiu Xiu" changed the "Lodao Hall". The study of the West "Yisi Hall" was renamed "Ming Daoxuan". The eastern section of Chunxi Academy was rewarded by Emperor Jiaqing to Princess Zhuang Jing Gulun, which was the later Jingchun Garden. Princess Zhuang Jing Gu Lun, the fourth daughter of Emperor Jiaqing, marrying Mongolian Belong Manabada in the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802). The garden was also rewarded by her in the same year. When Princess Zhuang Jing Gu Lun died, she was only 28 years old. When Emperor Daoguang went to this famous "Princess Grave" to the grave, he wrote a song "Give the Sister Zhuang Jinghe Princess Zhuang Jinghe Princess, Princess Zhuang Jing Gu Lun to sorrow": Every shoulder shoulder. The sorrow of Ding Ding Ciwei is covered, and the Gengchen jade is also returned.

The National Library has a style of mine "The full map of the mirror spring garden site", which accurately and clearly show the garden scene of Jingchun Garden. The garden site is square, and the gate is located in the southeast. In the middle of the garden is a large island surrounded by streams and lakes on all sides. The front yard has five main houses and three in east and west and compartment rooms. There are five floors of the main building of the backyard, with three east -west buildings. On both sides of the front yard and the backyard, a row of bungalows are built. Build several service rooms in the eastern part of the garden.

After the 22nd year of Jiaqing (1817), the owner of Jingchun Garden was the sixth son of Prince Rui Chunying. The two brothers of Yuen and Xien are closely related to the grandson of the grandson of the Rong Wang Yongqi, and the relationship is frequent. The two brothers and Yi painted and his master Han Yunxi repeatedly singing and wine singing. Han Yunxi's poem "Tong Meng Garden and Rhyme" is enough to prove that Yu En is the owner of Jingchun Garden.

In the seventh year of Daoguang (1827), Jingchun Garden was given to the fifth son of Daoguang Emperor Hui County Wang Mianyu. This has the singing and poetry of Weng Xincun and Mian Yue. Weng Xin existed in the study room and was the master of Mian Yu's son. In the poem of "Hui Misuke Seeing Congratulations with Qian Yun, Rhyme Remuneration" written in September of Daoguang in September, he wrote: "Hui Misu is given to Jingchun Garden." At this time, Jingchun Garden, " There are 174 rooms, 128 galaxies ... 5 temples. "Mian Yu moved out of Jingchun Garden in Daoguang in the twelve years and moved to the west of Minghe Garden.

In the twenty -first year of Daoguang (1841), Emperor Daoguang's fourth female Shougulan lived in Jingchun Garden, known as the Four Princess Garden. The style of Thunder wrote: "Jingchun Garden, the four princess live, Chengfu North Road North Road." Later, Jingchun Guo was unfortunately burned by the British and French forces, and the garden site was desolate.

"Erhe Gaom" has not been repaired by Chunxi Yuan

The author stated the process of converting the northern half of Shuchun Garden into Chunxi Yuan and returning to Royal Garden. This should be in line with historical facts. But what was the situation of "Er River Kai" at the time?

One day in the early spring of 2022, the executive deputy editor of "Haixian District Fame" gave me a batch of materials for editing place names. Among them, some quotes were very important. It is very helpful for us to know the construction address of Chunxi Academy.

This quotation about the Erhe Gate was originally contained in the "Suburban" in Volume 99 of the "Old Smell". In the article, there are: "Growing the Dashi Bridge outside the Dadong Gate of the Spring Garden. The Emperor Temple. The northwest of the Emperor Erhe Gate, also related to the Emperor Temple. There are three saints in front of Daibei Gate ... Emperor Temple of the Emperor Guan Guan Temple and the three holy tins, all of which are established by this dynasty. "

"Old News under the Sun" was originally edited by Zhu Yizun in the 25th year of Kangxi. The president of Yinglian was published in the carved version of Qianlong 50 to 52 years.

It can be seen that the "Zeng" and "Chen and other cases" in the recorded quotation are written by Dou Guangzheng, Zhu Xi and Yu Minzhong, Yinglian, and other in the 39th to 52nd years of Qianlong. That is to say, there is a place named "Erhe Gaom" in the northwest of Guandi Temple outside Dashiqiao, Dashiqiao, Outside Gate of Changchun Garden. It was later called "Erhe Kai". temple. Here, the "Erhe Gate" is a "place name", and it has not been said that there have been more buildings that have been built than the Guandi Temple. When Hongli presided over the "Old Sentences of the Sun", it was when he presided over the converting Shuchun Garden to Chunxi Yuan. If the Erhe Gate is built in Chunxi Courtyard, the place name should be changed to Chunxi Yuan, and the small Guandi Temple should not be a lonely existence.

The record of the Er River Gate in "The Old Smell of the Sun" allows us to understand the specific situation of the Erhe gate during the Qianlong period. Therefore, the author believes that the Chunxi Academy is built on the banks of the Wanquan River in the south of Qichun Garden, that is, the northern part of Peking University, which is in line with the real situation of history. As for whether there are three hundred acres of Shuchun Garden in the Erhe Kai area, whether it has built the Royal Royal Garden Chunxi Hospital, I am afraid that it is necessary to find empirical evidence through subsequent archeological work.

(Original title: Where is the Chunxi Academy?)

If the content of the work, copyright and other issues, please contact this website within 30 days from the date of publishing related articles. Copyright infringement Tel: 010-85202353

- END -