Forward | Rap -up artist in Chengdu in Han Dynasty

The Chengdu Museum hides the pottery figurines of the Han Dynasty.

Chengdu in the Han Dynasty, economically developed and prosperous in society. It has the reputation of "preparing the five capitals".

"Youyou dwarf, Di Yan's advocacy, so the entertainment ears are happy, Li Mao is boring in the front, and the beauty of the Magnolia is behind." This was the true portrayal of the end of the rap art at the time.

Please follow us and take a look at these smiles that are still infectious for thousands of years, and feel the optimistic and enthusiastic spiritual inheritance of Tianfu culture.

——Codels

On a certain draft show, a Chengdu player performed a raw song (RAP) with a standard Sichuan dialect, which became popular and was sought after by young people and Sichuan fellows in various places. In fact, rap art similar to RAP has emerged as early as two thousand years ago. In recent decades, many pottery figurines (also known as rap figurines and drums rap figs) have been unearthed in Chengdu and surrounding areas. Its vivid shape and expressive expression have returned us to Chengdu, Han Dynasty more than 2000 years ago. Appreciate the wonderful performance of "street performers".

Optimist spokesperson

If time can flow backwards, let us return to Chengdu, Han Dynasty. The bustling streets are on the car and the flow of people, and the streets of the streets, wine restaurants, and tea buildings on both sides of the street are lined up. In the crowd, noise from time to time, stopping and watching. Looking at the sound, under the accompaniment of the bamboo orchestra, the artists or long sleeves and danced; or they are shirtless, swallowed the knife, spit fire, and make a pot jumping pill. In the applause, an artist wearing a small hat, bare chest, only a pair of light crotch loose trousers, holding a drum with a hammer, shaking his head and shaking his head, singing to people with a funny expression, singing, and knocking for a while. The laughes caused by the onlookers, the scene was very hot. This is a glimpse of the street artist performance of Chengdu before 2000.

In the 1950s, on a small mountain bag named Yangzishan in the northern suburbs of Chengdu, more than 200 Warring States, Han, Jin, Wei, Tang, Song, and Yuan Dynasties were found. A large number of cultural relics were unearthed. Tao Gao Gegainy Fignes. Since then, archaeologists have successively found a piece of image in the Han Dynasty tombs in Tianjiashan, Zengjiabao, Liuyi, and Songjialin, Xindu, and Jinshan Lijialiangzi in Chengdu. The vivid and strange shape of the Eastern Han Dynasty. These pottery gestures are different in size, and the ceramic quality is different. The height is generally about 50 to 70 cm. The original painting of the figurine body has already fallen off under the erosion of the long years. From the appearance, it can be roughly divided into two types: sitting and standing.

The superior figurines of the sitting pottery are the most typical of Chengdu Yangzishan, Tianhui Mountain, Malaysia Mountain, and Jintang Lijialiangzi. Chengdu Yangzi Ranning Taoist Figurine was unearthed in 1954. In 1954, the red pottery was 53 cm high.圆 俳 sitting on a round couch, wearing a flat top hat, a flower in front of the hat, and his shoulders standing up tall. The upper body was exposed, and the lower body was wearing a pair of shallow crotch trousers, barefoot, squatting in front of him, and kneeling. Hold a circle on your left hand on the knee, the right arm flexion and stretch as a hammer -shaped, and the finger is obliquely obliquely. The round fat face smiled, and the forehead piled up a few deep wrinkles.

Unearthed in the Tianhui Mountain Ceramics Glipper in Chengdu in 1957, the National Museum was collected. The figurines are 56 cm high, and the figurine head scarf, wearing a tadpole. The figurine is a round face, with a smile on his face, and there are several deep wrinkles on the forehead. The upper body is naked, the pectoral muscles are drooping, and the belly is as big as a drum. Wearing a bead -shaped ornament with both arms, holding the left hand under the armpit, and holding the mallet with the right hand. He was wearing big feet long trousers, sitting on a round couch barefoot, and the stilts on the right foot, revealing the thick feet.

Drum rap figurine

Unearthed by Tianhui Mountain, Chengdu, Sichuan

China National Museum Collection

The Great Figurine of Malaysia Mountain in New Capital was unearthed in 1982. The figurines are 48 cm high. It is closer to the shape of the gestures of the Tianjiashan Taoist Taoist Taoist Taoist Tao: The figurine head of the head of the head, wearing the 笄. The smile on his tongue and round face was extremely exaggerated. The upper body is naked, and the chest is exposed. Wearing the arms with a cricket -shaped ring -shaped trim, the left hand is around a drum, and the hammer holds the hammer forward flat (the drums seem to be lost) to strike the drum. Wearing loose trousers and barefoot. The right foot stretched forward, and the left foot was cooked on the couch.

Jinsang Lijialiangzi is a mud gray pottery, 60 cm high, 40 cm wide, which is a higher than many station figurines. It is one of the largest sitting pottery figurines unearthed. This figurine wears a small round hat, smiles on his face, and his tongue is stretched. The upper body is exposed and shrugged. Right -handed drums and hammers in the left hand. The belly was round, with shallow crotch trousers, and sitting barefoot on the couch. In front of the left foot at the belly, the right foot kicked forward.

Tainer

Unearthed from the tomb

Chengdu Museum Collection

The station -style figurines are the most representative of Songjialin, Mianyang Jiulong Mountain, and Chengdu Liuyi in the Dudu District. The superb warrior of Songjialin in the Dudu District was unearthed in 1963 and is now collected in the Sichuan Provincial Museum. The figurines are gray pottery, with a height of 66.5 cm, a short body, and a vertebrae. The teeth were grinning, hippie smiling face, and the facial expression was very exaggerated. The upper body of the figurines is naked and exposed. His neck stretched forward and his shoulders shrugged. His eyes narrowed into a seam, his tongue stretched old, and his big head puppet hung in front of his chest. Holding a drum with one hand, holding a mallet, he was about to hit the drum. The shallow crotch trousers on the lower body slipped under the belly, exposing the ht -up buttocks, and a pair of thick barefoot under the loose pants tube.

Eastern Han Dynasty Tao Rap

Earlier of Songjialin Brick Room, Songjialin, Sichuan Province

Picture source: The official website of the Sichuan Museum's official website Chengdu Liuyi has 62 cm high, and mud gray pottery is 62 cm high. The figurine head is wearing a towel hat, a squinting eyes, a grinned tongue, the facial expression is extremely funny and full of joy. The upper body is exposed, the lower body is wearing shallow crotch trousers, and the belly is round. His shoulders are tall, holding up his left arm (incomplete hand), and his right elbow fist. Bare your legs with your legs.

Tainer

Unearthed by the Han Tomb of Liuyi in Chengdu

Chengdu Museum Collection

Observe carefully, although these pottery gestures have some subtle differences in the specific movements of the head, hats, hands and feet, and sitting (standing), but in the five short figures, naked upper body, round belly, naked feet and other aspects, etc. The same or similarities are more obvious. Its facial expression is all kinds of smiles: laughed, laughed, laughs, and funny ... The funny, witty, and happy optimism spirit they conveyed is completely consistent. Significant features.

Sima Qian is a biography of 传

Rapping art is a variety of song art that has been circulating for thousands of years in my country. According to historical records, ancient rap artists were called "俳 俳". "俳 分" is subdivided into "俳" and "You": "俳" can be said to be, mainly speaking, and mocking the time and bad habits with humorous and funny language, so that people have perception in laughter, similar to the present now. Crosstalks; "You" is a multi -faceted hand. In addition to performing miscellaneous dramas with storylines, it is also necessary to participate in song and dance performances as a role -setting role. There are many such scenes on the Han Dynasty music and dance portrait bricks. The word "俳 后" was gradually used in historical books, and there was no obvious distinction.

In history, "多 为" is mostly dwarf with defects in the body. They are very special types of people. They are not only intelligent, agile, but also good at joking and dancing juggling. Due to the natural defects, in order to survive, he had to send people under the fence, to gain the happiness of the emperor and the nobles of the giants with witty, funny, and even self -deprecating performances. Despite the low status and discrimination, there have been some amazing characters in them. In Sima Qian's "Historical Records of the Biography of the Historical Records", it is recorded that there is a Youyou named Youyi: Qin Shihuang is preparing to expand the royal hunter. This garden is from Hangu Pass in the east, and in the west to Yongxian and Chencang. Youyao said to Qin Shihuang: "Okay, after the renovation of Yuanzhang, more beasts are raised in it. If the enemy attacks from the East, the elk in the Yuanzhong can push them back with an eager." Qin Shihuang heard that As a result, I silently dispelled this idea. After Qin II's throne, he suddenly made a tide in a day. He wanted to paint the whole city wall of Xianyang City with paint. Youyi said to Qin II: "The emperor's thoughts are so good. I originally asked you to do this. Although this will bring sadness and losses to the people, the city wall is beautiful, and the enemy comes to commit crimes. Can't climb up. It is easy to paint. It is difficult to find a big house that is used for dryness. "Qin II also felt that it was difficult to do" looking for a big house ", so he dispelled the painting wall.

Although Youzhi is a good job and is low, his status is low, but he is upright and kind. He used the convenience of the emperor, dared to speak, and exerted the art of speaking vividly, cleverly stopped the absurd behavior of Qin Shihuang's father and son, and fully demonstrated his intelligence. No wonder Sima Qian made a evaluation of "goodness and laughed, but in the avenue."

During the Qin and Han dynasties, rap art was very popular. Qin Shihuang built hundreds of houses, and the palace advocated thousands of excellent excellence, including many excellent artists. In the Han Dynasty, the performances of Yiyou were popular. Whether it was the prince and the nobles, they had a considerable number of 俳, which was convenient for recreational and fun at any time. "The sound of golden stone silk bamboo is endless, and the laughes of the private and the gnome of the curtains are not short of the front." This was the true portrayal of the end of the rap art.

Business prosperous enjoyment life

The excellent performance is witty, humorous, and funny. It is welcomed by the nobles from the princes and nobles to the trafficking. In addition, the concept of "death and death" in the Han Dynasty is popular. Even after death, the bureaucratic nobles must make the excellence into a pottery figurine to accompany them, hoping that they will still be able to help themselves in another world.

In ancient China, the figurine was a puppet for burial, which was used to replace real -life funerals. There are many materials for figurines, such as wooden figurines, pottery figurines, copper figurines, etc., the most pottery figurines. During the Emperor Hanwu, the court implemented a "filial piety" official system, and selected filial piety to parents and people who did well in doing things. "Filial piety" became an important way to be an official and promotion. In the Han Dynasty, "the world was based on thick burial, and Bo ended contempt", not to mention the benefits of being able to enter the official. Therefore, in order to win the name of "filial piety", people who spend huge manpower and material resources have been buried. According to the "Hou Han Book · Emperor Ming Ji": "The system of the people's delivery is actually extravagant. The living has no storage of stones, and the financial resources are as the grave. At that time, people scrambled to be buried and did not hesitate.

Because the funeral is popular and the pottery figurines are important funerals, a large number of outstanding clay sculptures and pottery craftsmen have been created. They rubbed, scraped, scraped, and scratched with their dexterous hands, creating a beautiful and rich pottery figurine with a strong life. Judging from the large number of pottery figurines unearthed from Chengdu and its surrounding areas, especially in the Eastern Han Dynasty: these pottery figurines are beautiful, vivid, and very artistic, and pottery figurines are summarized with their extremely exaggerated artistic techniques and heights. The artistic characteristics of the refined art have become the best works of them. The sculptures of these superior figurines may not be delicate, and some places are even slightly extensive and awkward. However, this simple and simple style is the essence of the artist of the Han Dynasty sculpture artists. When they grasped the most exciting moments when they performed, they focused on portraying their facial expressions and limb movements, and their works were very artistic. The image of 塑 is very funny and interesting, making people unforgettable and unable to bear it. It seems that these excellence itself is a wonderful comedy drama.

Since the Warring States Period, Chengdu Plain is a rich place in the country. After Qin extinguished Shu, Shu Di was used as a large rear and food supply base. The Han Dynasty was even known as the "country of Tianfu", which was known as "Wo Ye Qianli" and "the worry of the fierce years". Food production can not only meet local needs, but also often help other parts of natural disasters. In addition to agriculture, the textile industry, salt manufacturing, metallurgical casting industry, boat car manufacturing industry, lacquerware, brewing and other handicraft industries in Sichuan are also famous nationwide. The prosperity of the economy has promoted the development of commercial trade and the prosperity of the city. According to statistics, there were more than 76,000 households in Chengdu at that time, second only to the capital Changan, and were one of the five famous cities in the country. Its prosperous, as the Western Jin Dynasty literary scholar Zuo Si Fu's "Shu Du Fu" described: "So the city's meeting, the leadership of Wan Shang. The daughter of the capital, taking the makeup of the makeup. Jia trade is wrong.

When people enjoy material life, they naturally have a higher pursuit of spiritual life. Therefore, rap artists such as Ji You are sought after by Shu people who are naturally optimistic, humorous and good at enjoying life, and become their hardcore fans. The exquisite pottery figurines in the Eastern Han Dynasty in Sichuan and Chengdu are unearthed in the area of ​​Sichuan and Chengdu, which exactly explains this.

This article is transferred from: Chengdu Daily

Lu Shengdi/Wen Lu Sheng Di Gao Hong/Picture

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