Zhu Hong and Zhang Lei: Hidden Shi Shizong Tao Yuanming

Editor's note: Tao Yuanming is the ancestor of the Chinese hidden poets and the ancestors of the pastoral poetry, and the first cultural giant in the history of Jiangxi. As "Tao Yuanming Painting Biography" is about to be published by Jiangxi Fine Arts Publishing House, we specially excerpted some of them to readers.

Tao Yuanming (365-427), also known as Qian, the word Yuan Liang, private "Jing Jie", self-named "Mr. Wu Liu", a native of Xunyang Chai Sang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). Tao Yuanming lived between the fourth century and the fifth century, that is, the end of the East Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the southern dynasty. He was a great poet, writer, and thinker in China. set".

The era of Tao Yuanming's life is the transition period between the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The Tao family lived in Wu Di, and was previously in Poyang (now Duchang County, Jiujiang City). Later, he moved to Puyang (now Jiujiang). The well -known big man, his mother, Zhan, is one of the four major mothers in China, and his grandfather was the eunuch. When Tao Yuanming was eight years old, his father died and his family was declining. His grandfather Meng Jia was the Wu Di clan and the famous scholars at the time. In his youth, Tao Yuanming received a more orthodox Confucian education, explanation group books, diligent in thinking, extensive interest, energetic, and very much emphasis on his morality and cultural accomplishment. "It was a long time and stubbornly, and the sword was traveling alone. Who is close to the words and deeds? Zhangye to Youzhou" ("Detaison"), not only read thousands of books, but also has thousands of miles.

At the age of 29, Tao Yuanming began to become officials. He successively served as Jiangzhou Jiujiu, Xuan Xuan staff, town army joined the army, Jianwei joined the army, and Pengze County. Although these official positions were not high, because of Jiangzhou (Jiujiang) In the special military geographical location of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming was involved in the vortex of political struggle several times to see the darkness and cruelty of politics. In the end, he served as the Pengze County Order for more than 80 days and resigned to the pastoral. The "Return to Come and Come to Come" as a farewell career of the "Return to Come", and began a pastoral life of self -cultivation, drinking and reading.

Most of Tao Yuanming's poetry was in his resignation. For more than two decades, his footsteps were in the pastoral mosa. His scope of action rarely walked out of Jiujiang, Jiangxi. His poem themes were as simple as his life: Pastoral, wine, reading ideas, and rewards with friends. According to the form of poetry, Tao Yuanming's poems are divided into four -character poem and five -character poems.

As the first idyllic poet in China, Tao Yuanming's rural poetry was high -standard, which caused the poets to follow the effect for more than a thousand years, forming a faction in Chinese literature. The verses of "Caiju Dongli, You can see Nanshan" have passed through the ages. In Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems, there is a warm and bright background that is hot and hot. Here, life and art release full vitality in a simple form. Tao Yuanming's idyllic poetry and his immortal "Peach Blossom Source Ji" he created were confirmed. They all yearn for Taohuayuan, yearn for poetic idyllic life, and plant "idyllic dreams" for every Chinese.

Tao Yuanming is the first poet who wrote a large number of drinking poems. He organically combined "poems" and "wine" to give "wine" a eternal theme of art; his article is beautiful and vivid. "Come", just a hundred words, opened the theme of "return" of Chinese literature, known as "the sect of ancient and modern hidden poets"; Tao Yuanming was hailed as "the great thinker of the ancient times of my country in the ancient times of the country", his "Shadow God's Poetry" casts the philosophy of the philosophy into a superb life experience; he has become a giant who is side by side with Qu Yuan Li Du with the number of more poems. It is translated into a multinational text and is a wonderful work in the world's literary world. Many people think that his greater achievement is to poetize daily life, to treat chickens, dogs, hoes, beans, and drinking as the main body of poetry. Prior to Tao Yuanming, the content of the poem was not so extensive, nor was it so full of personalities and the ultimate care of individual life.

For Tao Yuanming's poetry characteristics, two words are recognized by everyone: bland. The realm of plainness to become poetry starts from Tao Yuanming. The Ming people Hu Yinglin's "Poetry" said, "Tao Zhi's five words, and the eternal flatness." Liang Shiqiu's analysis of Tao Yuanming's poem is "the gorgeousness is plain, but the flat is not mediocre, that is not light but tasteless, and the bland is an artistic charm that does not expose the ax." Su Dongpo commented on "quality and real, stubborn and real", Xin Qiji lamented "After a thousand years, a hundred articles are stored, and there is no word and unrealistic". "Chun", Li Dongyang worshiped "Tao Shi is close to ancient times, and the more he reads it." Wang Guowei praised Tao Yuanming's poem to the highest state of "I don't know who is me, who is what" and "I am united".

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