[Memory] "Central Daily" attitude towards the Chongqing negotiations (above) ‖ Hu Pingyuan

"Central Daily" attitude towards the Chongqing negotiations

(superior)

Hu Pingyuan

On August 28, 1945, Chairman Mao, the great leader, was negotiated with the Kuomintang with the grandeur of the Politician, and suffered a state negotiation with the Kuomintang with the Kuomintang. The Communist Party of China has gained great initiative, while the Kuomintang was completely trapped in a passive situation. At this time, the Kuomintang's "Central Daily" implemented strict management of all news publications of "Chongqing negotiations". Short and typesetting positions are almost the guidelines for corners, reaching the intention of Chiang Kai -shek's influence of the Communist Party's influence.

The Kuomintang's "Central Daily" in Chongqing's "Central Daily"

The attitude of "Central Daily" before Chongqing negotiation

After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the fall of Nanjing, the Kuomintang government moved to Chongqing, and Chongqing's "Central Daily" was the Kuomintang Central Organ News. Therefore, the editorial policy of this newspaper must fully meet Chiang Kai -shek's intention. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Cheng Cangbo, Chen Bosheng, Tao Baichuan and others who had served as the president in Chongqing's "Central Daily" all were dismissed because they did not meet Chiang Kai -shek's heart when they did not meet Chiang Kai -shek's heart and anger Chiang Kai -shek in some ways.

"Central Daily" is the leader of the Central Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang's Central Committee directly in the organization, but the relevant news, speech, and newspapers are actually the claims of Chen Blei, the second director of Chiang Kai -shek's attendant room. This Chen Blei was in charge of Chiang Kai -shek, on behalf of Chiang Kai -shek to draft important electrical letters and declarations, and participated in the formulation of major policies and policies of the Kuomintang. Chen Blei, who was gorgeous, was good at trying to figure out the intentions of Chiang Kai -shek. People around him said that he was the "tapeworm" in Chiang Kai -shek's belly and knew Chiang Kai -shek's "joy and sorrow". Essence

Chiang Kai -shek's "Wen Dan" Chen Blei

During the negotiations of Chongqing, Hu Jianzhong, president of the Central Daily, belonged to the Kuomintang CC department, and started in Zhejiang's "Southeast Daily". Usually he rarely ask the actual business of the editorial department of the newspaper and the main written room, and everything is handled by Chen Xunzheng and Tao Xisheng. Chen Xunzheng is Chen Blei's brother (Chen Blei formerly known as Chen Xunen), as the editor -in -chief of the newspaper. Tao Xisheng was the main assistant of Chen Blei at the time. He had written "Fate of China" on behalf of Chiang Kai -shek and served as the general master of the newspaper. Both of them live in the second place of the servant room and get along with Chen Blei. If you have any questions, you can ask Chen Blei himself. What major measures have Chiang Kai -shek, Chen Blei often greeted Chen Xunzheng and Tao Xisheng. Sometimes the news and remarks published by Chongqing's "Central Daily" and the promotional instructions of the Publicity Department of the Kuomintang Party Central Committee are inconsistent, if the Kuomintang Central Propaganda Department comes to inquire, the newspaper will answer "this is the meaning of Mr. Brey", and the Kuomintang Central Propaganda Department is also I won't ask anymore.

Hu Jianzhong, president of Chongqing "Central Daily"

On August 14, 1945, Chiang Kai -shek called Mao Zedong and invited Mao Zedong to the Chongqing to discuss the national plan. Such a major news was unexpected by the newspaper staff, and no one knew the Central Daily. It wasn't until the news release of the Central News Agency late on August 15th to the editorial department of the Central Daily that everyone suddenly realized. On the night, the president Hu Jianzhong also came to the editorial department to discuss with Tao Xisheng and Chen Xunzheng.

"Central Daily" editor -in -chief Chen Xunzheng

From Chen Xunzheng's conversation, it was revealed that Chiang Kai -shek's telegram was not planned by Chen Blei, and Chen Blei did not participate in the plan. Chen Xunzhen said: "This (referring to Chen Blei )'s habit, he never asked him about what he did, and he didn't talk about it. Today he only said that Mr. Jiang (referred to as Chiang Kai -shek) would not be wrong. We need to be unconditional. Trust him and support him. "The three of them believe that Mao Zedong would never come to Chongqing to negotiate with the Kuomintang, so that we (referring to the Kuomintang) can use this to launch a propaganda offensive, saying that the Communist Party deliberately created civil strife and reluctant to talk. Tao Xisheng clearly pointed out: "We know that the Communist Party will not come to the Chongqing negotiations. We have to sing and create air." The three of them studied decide, and Chen Xunzheng was handled by Chen Xunzheng himself.

"Central Daily" General Tao Xisheng

Why does the Central Daily "Fake Drama Sing"? Afterwards, the newspaper staff learned that these telegrams of Chiang Kai -shek were proposed by Wu Dingchang, the leader of the Department of Political Science, and other factions within the Kuomintang did not agree with this law. Wu Dingchang was the civilian chief of the Kuomintang government at that time. When the victory of the Anti -Japanese War, he suggested to Chiang Kai -shek to invite Mao Zedong to negotiate in Chongqing to solve the problem of the country. This proposal was opposed by the leading heads of the Kuomintang, such as Chen Lifu and others, but Chiang Kai -shek adopted Wu Dingchang's suggestion. Therefore, Wu Dingchang drafted a telegram and participated in the planning. This has even caused the dissatisfaction of other factions of the Kuomintang to the Department of Political Science and spread air internally, and believes that it is impossible for the KMT to talk about the judgment. This is the origin of the "Central Daily" adopting the "fake drama true singing" propaganda policy.

On August 16th, the Central Daily published the news of "Chairman Jiang Mao Zedong, please ask the country to discuss the country" with a large character title in the domestic key version, and announced the full text of the telegram. What is said in the telegram, "Don't drive about the national plan. Fortunately, the call is endless and hoped." A completely eager face.

On August 19th, the "Xinhua Daily" of the Communist Party of China issued the number of the "Xinhua Daily", and the full text published a telegram to Chiang Kai -shek to Chiang Kai -shek on August 16th. Commander Zhu proposed the problem of surrender to Japan in the telegram, and asked Chiang Kai -shek to stop the civil war, abolish the one -party dictatorship, and establish a democratic co -government. At the same time, Chairman Mao said to Chiang Kai -shek in the telegram: "Commander Zhu De has a telegram to you at noon today, stating the opinions of the recipe, and after you express your opinion, I will consider the issues you meet with you." These two telegrams hit After the Kuomintang's key, Chiang Kai -shek immediately issued a telegram that invited Chairman Mao to come to Chongqing to sort out the problem of the surrender of Japan's surrender of Commander Zhu De. Can be done. For the main issues such as stopping the civil war, abolition of one -party dictatorship, and establishing democratic coalition government, Chiang Kai -shek's telegram did not mention it, only empty words, and said, "How to collect the fruit of the anti -Japanese war with the work of the founding of the country, and even depends on Mr. Hui. However, if a party is settled, it will benefit from worship, but it is only individual! "On August 21, the Central Daily published the second telegram of Chiang Kai -shek to Mao Zedong in the same way. , I hope to come to the Chong like to discuss the plan. "This telegram was issued by Chiang Kai -shek on August 20. The charm is" 哿 ", so it is called" 哿 哿 ".

On August 21, "Xinhua Daily" put the telegram of Chiang Kai -shek in the second edition in the short column position, and published a special editorial entitled "Mr. Chiang Kai -shek's Electric Reading", playing with Chiang Kai -shek. The conspiracy of "true fighting" revealed that the so -called Allied headquarters stipulated that the unreasonable statement of the Japanese downside was refuted, and protested against the absurd order of the Kuomintang Military Commission.

This editorial pierced Chiang Kai -shek's ugly face and the despicable means of both sides. The Kuomintang Tu Pojang saw the Chongqing Journalist Inspection Institute detained the editorial. The Xinhua Daily opened a sunroof on the newspaper (press:: At that time, the Kuomintang stipulated that after the newspapers of newspapers were detained, the newspaper should find another material to fill the gap and not allow the sunroof). The conspiracy of Chiang Kai -shek's "false peace talks and true preparations" was exposed naked under the day.

On the night of the day, the editorial department of the Central Daily analyzed this situation. Chen Xunyin yin and yang said strangely: "This is what we expected long ago.

Hu Jian's toe said, "Mr. Lifu (referring to the Kuomintang CC head Chen Lifu) does not agree with this law. He believes that negotiations with the Communist Party will only promote the reputation of the Communist Party.

Tao Xisheng talked about: "The methods of negotiations in Chongqing were thought of from the Department of Political Science. The Department of Political Science wanted to eat the Communist Party with a soft set of methods, how easy it was! But now it is not the time to operate the surgery. The situation does not allow China to fight civil war. We are more passive when we fight, and use negotiations to drag time. The Communist Party refuses to negotiate, and we have more articles. "

On August 24, the Xinhua Daily published the "Daily News Yan'an Steel", ranking in the second edition with the title of the three columns. The title is "the Communist Party of China conspired to unite, Chairman Mao Chairman Mao, sent Zhou Enlai to Chongqing."

The news of "Xinhua Daily" attracted the attention of the Editorial Department of the Central Daily. Hu Jianzhong said: "This time, it is not good to get true. We are limited to passive, and the next step is difficult to do."

Tao Xisheng said: "Zhou Enlai has been in Chongqing for a long time. The insufficient information about Xinhua Daily shows that our original estimation is wrong."

Chen Xunyi also believes that Chairman Mao himself will not come to Chongqing, and the original editor policy of Xinhua Daily is correct. On the night of the day, the press release of the Central News Agency reported the third telegram of Chiang Kai -shek's third invitation to Chairman Mao to Chongqing, claiming: "Waiting for the rush to drive."

Chen Xunzhen said: "This is an official article." He still published the editorial method of handling the first two telegrams, and said confidently: "The fake drama really does it to the end."

The attitude of "Central Daily" in Chongqing Negotiations

On August 28, 1945, Chairman Mao Zedong visited Chongqing and opened the prelude to negotiations between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang. This exciting news is like a thunderbolt, shaking the high -level KMT. The people of Shancheng were ecstatic and rushed to tell each other.

On the night, the Editorial Department of the Kuomintang Chongqing's "Central Daily" was extremely nervous and waited for the Kuomintang Central Committee instructions. At this time, after Chen Xunzheng came to the newspaper, he said to the editor, reporter, and staff: "The Communist Party's tricks are unexpected, and this Mao Zedong really has the courage. Mr., the newspaper does not publish the editorial, does not write an interview with this newspaper, and the press release will be published by the Central News Agency. Reports on negotiations should be logged in less, small, and the layout should not be too prominent. The influence of this matter, don't make a momentum for the Communist Party, don't shout for the Communist Party. "

The good news of Chairman Mao Zedong's visit to Chongqing shocked the whole country and shocked the world. At that time, the reporters in Chongqing issued a special electricity, reporting to the grand situation of Mao Zedong's flying to Chongqing, praising Mao Zedong's great courage and amazing courage, and praised the sincerity of the Communist Party of China to seek peace, democracy, and unity. Chongqing's newspapers were scrambled to publish the news of Mao Zedong's negotiations to negotiate, and published the full text and news pictures of Mao Zedong's written conversation to Chinese and foreign journalists at the airport. Many newspapers also published the editorial to support Mao Zedong's political claims. Some newspapers clearly stated in the editorial that Mao Zedong came to Chongqing as "a major event in China", and Mao Zedong "maintained the process of China's current and future history and the happiness of the Chinese people." In the afternoon of the "Xinhua Daily" of the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, the number of "Xinhua Daily" was immediately issued. First, the news of Chairman Mao Zedong came to Chongqing. "Chairman Mao is here!" Excited, people cheered, and the whole Chongqing was immersed in the atmosphere of happiness and enthusiasm.

The Kuomintang "Central Daily" is another attitude. In the face of such a major news, the editorial department feels good to deal with it. It neither write this newspaper special manuscript nor publishing social editorials. The editor's technique is not needed. I only use dozens of press releases written by the Central News Agency. The two columns are lonely in the middle of the country. The newspaper layout is deserted. Feeling.

During the negotiations of Chongqing, although the Central Daily did not publish the editorial and did not write an interview with our newspaper, the main room and interview department of the newspaper was very nervous. Tao Xisheng, the general master, will discuss frequently with the master Wang Xinming, Hu Qiuyuan, Du Duheng, Qian Na Shui, to analyze the movements and intentions of Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China. The interview director of the interview department Xu Suling and reporters Zhang Renzhong and Zhao Haosheng took the Chongqing negotiations as the center, and found them everywhere to write the materials for the editorial department for reference.

Chen Lifu, the head of the CC department, also temporarily sent a Zhongdong agent Bu Rui New to the Central Daily as a "reporter" to specialize in information about "Chongqing negotiations". After Bu Rui Xin arrived at the newspaper, he was secretive and often boasted that he graduated from the Department of Journalism of Yanjing University and was a classmate with Gong Peng. At that time, Gong Peng worked at Zhou Enlai. When Zhou Enlai met with foreign journalists, Gong Peng was often translated. Bu Ruixin was covered as a reporter, and he often went to the name of Yanjing University's classmates to get entangled in Zhou Gongguan, Zengjiayan, Zengjia, Chongqing. This guy wrote the information after returning to the agency every night, and did not submit the interview department of the newspaper, but directly handed it over to Chen Xunzheng.

"Xinhua Daily" published a photo of Mao Zedong coming to Chongqing

The Kuomintang's "Central Daily" intentionally degraded and reduced Mao Zedong to the huge political influence of Chongqing to seek peaceful political influence. Essence

On September 1, 1945, in order to celebrate the Treaty of the China -Soviet Friendship Alliance, the Sino -Soviet Culture Association held a wine club at the Huangjiayukou Club in Chongqing, and Mao Zedong was invited to participate. The Central Daily and the Sino -Soviet Culture Association are on both sides of the same street on the same street. At around 7 pm that day, the newspaper employees were eating dinner in the cafeteria. Suddenly someone ran into the cafeteria and said, "Mao Zedong is here!" The staff of the newspaper poured to the newspaper's gate to see Mao Zedong. Suddenly, the Huangjiaxiangkou area was crowded, and it was unprecedented to scramble to see Mao Zedong's enthusiastic scene. In this case, when the editorial department was published late at night, the staff of the type house was still talking about Mao Zedong's moving scenes of Mao Zedong's spirit and laughter. Afterwards, Hu Jianzhong said: "You (referring to the newspaper staff) who went to see Mao Zedong, the manager's department investigated it clearly, they issued a list and asked me how to deal with it. Forget it, forget it, pretending to know the matter, I don’t know the matter. I don’t know the matter. Forget it. If it is dealt with, the impact is greater, the more troublesome, the more fierce, it is even worse to explain! "

During the negotiations of Chongqing, the Central Daily not only reported very little news about the negotiations, but even the press release of the Central News Agency had to be deleted, and it was deliberately arranged in the unimportant layout position, and strived to perfunctory things. Even Chiang Kai -shek and Mao Zedong held talks, "Central Daily" only published two columns of title in the domestic key edition. There was no content, only lonely title, and in an inconspicuous position.

Chongqing's negotiations entered the stage of tension. Chen Xunzheng, the editor -in -chief of the Central Daily, suddenly led the Capital Journalist Group to Nanjing to attend the deduction ceremony in the name of the special commissioner of the Central Propaganda Department. Essence For the Editorial Department of the Central Daily, it is equivalent to the head of the dragons.

Chen Xunlin said to the newspaper staff before leaving: "There will be no results in the negotiations of Chongqing. In the future, the publication is still based on the original policy of the original, trying to reduce the impact of the matter, and strive to be stable. . Now the focus of our work is to use the negotiations to win the time and go outside to receive it. This time I went to Nanjing to attend the deduction ceremony. It is also necessary to go to Nanjing one after another to prepare for thought. "

Chen Xunzheng and others flew to Nanjing on September 5 to use enemy pseudo -equipment, and on September 10, the Central Daily was repeatedly published.

Picture news published by Xinhua Daily: Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai -shek raised toasting Mao Zedong to negotiate with the Kuomintang Chiang Kai -shek, crushing Chiang Kai -shek's conspiracy and tricks. The Kuomintang's political scam announced bankruptcy. The founding policy of the country constantly criticized the Kuomintang reactionary dictatorship. Therefore, Chiang Kai -shek was completely in isolated.

During the negotiations of Chongqing, the news inspection system implemented by the Kuomintang, Chinese and foreign newspapers all published articles on strict criticism. In particular, newspapers and magazines such as Chengdu and Chongqing have issued a joint statement to oppose the Kuomintang's Fasis measures. On September 8, 1945, 16 news and cultural groups in Chengdu announced their automatic refusal inspection, and they responded in various places. Chiang Kai -shek's internal and external situations, on September 12, called Wu Guozhen, Minister of the Propaganda Department of the Kuomintang Central Committee, announced to foreign journalists: "Following Chairman Jiang's instructions, our government has decided to abolish the news inspection system during the war from October 1."

According to Tao Xisheng, Chiang Kai -shek did this, on the one hand to alleviate domestic pressure and cope with Chongqing negotiations; on the other hand, to alleviate American public opinion on attacks on the Kuomintang, win the favor of Americans, so that the US government can continue to support the Kuomintang government.

Tao Xisheng also said that the US newspapers scolded us, and we could not protest to the US government. The U.S. government said that they are a country with freedom of pressing, and the government of newspapers and remarks has never interfered. Chinese newspapers occasionally have news and remarks that criticize the US government. If the US government protests, we will explain and apologize to the US government. Because we implement the news inspection system, the materials in the newspaper are reviewed by the government, and the government must be responsible. Now abolition of the news inspection system, domestic troubles have increased, and foreign troubles have decreased.

(To be continued)

(Reference materials: "Chongqing Literature and History Information", "Selection of Sichuan Literature and History Information"))

Source: Sichuan Provincial Local House Work Office

Text/Picture: Hu Pingyuan (special researcher at the Cultural History Research Museum of Chongqing Municipal People's Government, a member of the Chongqing Communist Party History Society, a member of the Chongqing Writers Association, a member of the Chongqing Municipal Documentary Literature Society, and the Party History Research Office of the Banan District Party History of Chongqing Banan Party History Edit)

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