[History and culture] Chinese masterpieces, engraved in the stone carvings of Luzhou Song Dynasty, Xu Yaqin Muke

China is famous in the stone carvings of Luzhou Song Dynasty

Xu Yaqin Mu Ke

The college entrance examination with the "Grand View Garden Test Tale" just passed the college entrance examination of the 2022 college entrance examination. "Dream of Red Mansions", one of the four famous works in China, has once again become the focus.

The little known is that the noble life in "Dream of Red Mansions", such as incense and flower arrangement in the family scene of Yuanchun Province, has been all the rage in Luzhou in the Song Dynasty. When we push away the "gate" of the stone carvings in the Song Dynasty, we can find clues from it.

Incense in the Grand View Garden, the night banquet was burned, and the practitioners were taken on the road to descend the demons.

The stone carvings of Luzhou Song Dynasty are a "Water Margin" carved on the stone. The earliest prototype of Sun Wukong hidden in the age, depicting the "Dream of Red Mansions".

Thousands of years ago, in a moment, the stone carvings of Luzhou Song Dynasty left the fictional image in mythology, and also left a living hero who lived a dragon. It can not only look at the magnificent troops, but also the exquisiteness of the noble life.

What kind of mystery is hidden in Luzhou in the Song Dynasty? How many secrets were hidden in the stones that were not rotten for thousands of years, waiting for future generations to reveal one by one.

Samurai Stone Carvings (Photo by Zhong Jiya)

Yanxian Yanfu Temple

The earliest rotent of Sun Wukong

In the "Journey to the West", Sun Wukong's earliest prototype was hidden in Yanfu Temple in Luxian County. This discovery made Mei Lin, a professor at Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts.

In the "Journey to the West" written by Wu Chengen in the Ming Dynasty, the story of the Tang monk and apprentice Xitian's scriptures was widely circulated in the folk. And such a monkey noodle personally takes the scriptures, in the Song Dynasty stone carvings of Yanfu Temple in Luxian County, and it is "the earliest time to take the monkey to take the scriptures."

The monkey noodle of Yanfu Temple in Luxian County

Yanfu Temple, located in Ping'an Village, Xuantan Town, Northeast, Luxian County, 45 kilometers away from the county seat, and is a cultural relics protection unit in Sichuan Province. Yanfu Temple Grottoes were first built in the Song Dynasty. It is a grim statue group with typical art and scientific value in south of Sichuan.

In the Yanfu Temple, there is a title of "politics and four years" (1114 AD). It is said that "Tibetan" is because there are not experts in the Song Dynasty Museum of Song Dynasty, the experts in the Song Dynasty reminded in advance that it would be difficult to find this "inconspicuous" stone carvings, and it would be impossible to insight into the mystery. In the fourteenth of 3.57 meters high, 4 meters wide, and 3.8 meters deep, the tall Buddha statue and less than half meters high, the proportion is disparate, it is difficult to find it if it is not looking carefully.

Under a closer look, under the feet of the Buddha statue, a white horse was carved between the mountains of the stone carvings, a felt blanket on the saddle, a thing on the blanket, and emitting 5 lights upwards. One person stood next to the white horse, the monkey noodle was personal, and his hands held on the chest. Looking at this statue of the leftmost Buddha statue, there is also a monkey noodle image, facing the white horse, wearing a lapel hueda, the waist band, echoing the white horse group.

This is the statue of the monkeys discovered by Professor Merlin, who had visited Luxian. Merlin, who has been committed to Grottoes for many years, wrote in the "Repexation of the Stone Revision of the Northern Song Statue Statue of Yanfu Temple in Luxian County, Sichuan" in 2010: "It is the earliest statue of monkey carrying monkeys so far, than in the Jin Dynasty. The Xuanzang scripture in the North Grottoes has been the originator of the same works in the late Xixia in the late Xixia, which is worthy of cherishment. "

This discovery of Merlin originated from a stone carving in the Southern Song Dynasty to visit the Southern Song Dynasty. According to Xu Chaogang, deputy director of the Shiqi Museum of Song Dynasty, Merlin accidentally heard the statue of Buddhist Buddhist Buddhist statues in the Song Dynasty, and was surprised, so he drove to Yanfu Temple. Merlin, who had come to find Buddhist statues in the Song Dynasty, unexpectedly discovered the earliest group of monkeys to take the scriptures.

When Merlin recognized the White Horse Sutra in the fourteenth and two scriptures, he immediately remembered the Xuanzang scripture map in the Xixia mural of Dunhuang. The context of the two is the same and the plot is the same. It is just a group of two monkeys in the group of Luxian. If you can't see the monks, Merlin feels confused.

Historically, Yanfu Temple has been rebuilt twice. With doubts, Merlin finally found "flaws" in the statue. There are two details of the monkeys next to the white horse: there is a small gap on the right side of the neck on the neck of the monkey head, and the mud is matched under the gap. This is one of them; although the monkey's upper body clothing is blurred, it is still distinguished by the man. It can be seen that there is an end tip of the right shoulder arm, which is the second. Combined with these two points, Mei Lin was suddenly cheerful. The monkey head was picked up by the mud.

The monks in the scriptures in Luxian have no head, and they dare not say that they must be Xuanzang. But if it wasn't for Xuanzang, where can I find the second person with the grandson? Therefore, after Professor Merlin thought, he still named Xuanzang's scripture in the group.

For more than 400 years, the image of Sun Wukong, the fictional Sun Wukong in the West Journey to the West in the Ming Dynasty, was hidden in the stone carvings of the Song Dynasty preserved in Luzhou.

If you think this is the "ending egg" left by the stone carvings in the Song Dynasty, then it is wrong. Here is not only the fictional image in Chinese masterpieces, but also the armor of the reckless heroes.

Wonderful, just started.

"Water Margin" on the stone

Reappear Liangshan Haohan armor

A large number of samurai stone carvings were unearthed in the Song tomb of Luzhou.

Entering the Luzhou Stone Carvings Museum and the Song Dynasty Museum of Song Dynasty, Sichuan, it is not difficult to find that it is almost the "standard" of the stone carved warrior. Through the stone carvings, we seemed to see the armor of Liang Shan. The pocket here is the most common helmet among the Song Dynasty stone carved warrior unearthed in Luzhou. According to the unearthed shape, the stone carvings of the Song Dynasty Song Dynasty can be divided into three types: wearing pockets, wearing crowns, and wearing a head. Such an image has frequently appeared in the "Water Margin" that tells the story of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In the thirteenth round of "Water Margin", Suo Chao competed with Yang Zhi in the Beijing Division. When Suo Chao appeared: "Wearing a cooked steel lion helmet, a red cricket in the back of the head, wearing a pair of iron leaves, wearing a pair of iron leaves Armor armor, a waist tie a golden beast beam band, and bronze heart mirror on the front and back sides. " A Song Dynasty samurai stone carvings unearthed in Luzhou, wearing a tiger -shaped helmet, wearing armor, a waist band, a rounded heart shirk, a robe on the outer cover, the hand holding it is just a big ax Quite similar.

Such beast head helmets are not uncommon in the Song Dynasty samurai carvings unearthed in Luzhou. Another beast head helmet worn by the Song Dynasty samurai carvings is quite distinctive. The beast head looks like a lion head. The teeth just wrapped the samurai face, making it very majestic.

Samurai

Luo Yulan, deputy director of the Song Dynasty Museum of Song Dynasty, Sichuan, introduced that the samurai is a large work in the stone carvings of the Songzhou tomb. It is usually standing on both sides of the tomb door. Essence The stone carved samurai is mostly based on the Song Dynasty samurai in real life, and the characters are realistic.

"It's like the door god?" Luo Yulan pointed to a group of samurai stone carvings in the museum. Once reminded, the more they look like, the style and expression of this group of samurai are very similar to the gate gods in ancient Chinese social folk culture. The guardian guardian of armor will be the objective reflection of the concept of the ancients in the tomb.

Samurai

The clothing and weapons in the stone carvings of the Song Tomb were the most noticeable. It is said that wearing a helmet is the "standard" of the stone carved warrior in the Song Dynasty, but this helmet is different, and the decoration has its own characteristics.

The thirty -sixth round of "Water Margin" describes the dress of the Thunderbolt Qin Ming: "Dirizon Lock Armor Swallowing" "Phoenix Wings Berbn Yao Ri". The so -called "beast swallowing shoulder" refers to the shoulder armor as the animal shape, and the "phoenix wing helmet" is a helmet with phoenix -shaped ears on both sides. A positive samurai stone carvings unearthed from the tomb of Luzhou, wearing this phoenixing helmet on their heads, complicated and exquisitely decorated, and beast heads on the shoulder towel. In the seventy -ninth time of "Water Margin", Song Jiang met Gao Taiwei. When the Song Jiang camp appeared "double whip extension", he "wearing a penetration angle, embedded the golden flower, and earning iron buns." Two male samurai unearthed from the tomb of Luzhou, wearing this kind of corner.

Xiao Yi mentioned in "Looking for Shu Ji" that although "Water Margin" is the story of the Northern Song Dynasty, the general equipment of the Northern Song and Southern Song Dynasty is not much different. In other words, these lifelike samurai, to a certain extent, is the reproduction of Liangshan good man, like a "Water Margin" carved on the stone.

If the Song Dynasty samurai stone carvings reflect the real version of the Song Dynasty sergeant lineup, then the Song people in the Song Dynasty stone carvings will shock you down.

Close to Luzhou, Song Dynasty

"Dream of Red Mansions" -style aristocracy life

In the excavated Song tomb, there is no heavy organs in the film and television drama, but the layout is like the Song Dynasty house, which opened the scene of the Song people for us. Different themes such as incense, drinking, mirror, and flower arrangement are based on real home life scenes, which makes people sigh that the Song people's life is delicate.

Latrot

Hundreds of years later, Cao Xueqin was restored in the word "Dream of Red Mansions" in these stone carvings. The eighteenth round of "Dream of Red Mansions" describes Jia Yuanchun's pro -scenes: Everywhere in the park, the dragon dances, the curtains fly color, Jin Yinhuan, jewelry competes, the scent of the lily, the bottle inserts the stamens of Changchun, quietly and quiet People cough. This made Jia Fei, who was so luxurious inside and outside the sedan, also sighed and excessive luxury.

And such a scene of incense incense is reflected in a stone carving unearthed in Luxian: The lion's incense is located in the short position in the middle of the curtain, the round platform furnace, the lotus puff is covered, and the cigarettes are emitted from the beast mouth. The left and right maids combed their double buns, wearing tube top long skirts, narrow -sleeved shirts, and bottle flowers and fragrant boxes.

According to the book "Song Tomb Stone Carvings" collected by the Luzhou Museum, the lion is often placed in a prominent position in the hall. It is a symbol of wealth and status. Taishang's drooping clothing today worshiped, and the king once had a family style. "In the fifty -three times of" Dream of Red Mansions ", it described in the late Night Banquet that the Jia Mu Flower Hall" set up a furnace bottle and three things, burning Yuci Lily Gongxiang "" small bonsai covered with moss is all new flowers "" small ocean lacquer tea trays, with old kiln tea cups and ten brocade small tea hanging, inside the famous tea. "

Among the Song Dynasty stone carvings unearthed in Luzhou, the scene of incense and flower arrangement also showed the exquisite life. Its exquisite life is not bad compared to the life of Jiafu in "Dream of Red Mansions". On the stone carvings, a short one occupies a C position, and the vase and incense burner is placed. The vase of the shoulder beam is dignified and stable, and the bottle is inserted into a blooming peony flower. Open -type incense burner, simple and practical style. The waiter took the incense box with his left hand and put the incense into the furnace in his right hand. The wonderful combination of incense burners, incense boxes, and bottle flowers will develop the fragrant fragrant fun to the extreme.

Flower arrangement, burning fragrant stone carvings

Another stone carvings are embossed in the middle of a four -horn dwarf table with a bottle flower on the table and placed in the incense burner on the right. At the table, the male servant took the incense box with his left hand and put the incense into the furnace in his right hand. The time seemed to stop at the moment he was preparing to put the spice into the incense burner.

Tim incense stone carvings

The incense, incense, and smelling incense can not help but let the viewers imagine the long and quiet time in the cigarettes. The incense and smelling scene described in "Dream of Red Mansions" have become windy as early as the Song Dynasty. Su Shi, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, described in the poem: "Wake up the dream of waking back to the spring, and sit in a few hidden incense in the closed door."

Judging from the objects unearthed in many places in Sichuan, people's love for incense has been very popular in the Sichuan region of the Song Dynasty. The book "Song Tomb Stone Carvings" believes that the fragrance and soft bones are in the rich and elegant, fresh and high -clean, and become the indispensable partners of the literati, talented and talented people at the time, and the identity of their identities. Character pursuit. The incense image in the stone carvings of Luzhou Song is exactly the reflection of this social life.

Jiu Qi Nine Dragon Balls can still open a treasure box. Will there be another surprise to gather four masterpieces? The overwhelming of the evolution from the Han Dynasty's bed was a popular sitting gear in the Song Dynasty, which reflected in many stone carvings unearthed in Luzhou.

What is the connection between the sitting in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the challenge in the stone carvings of Luzhou Song Dynasty? New stories, new clues, wait for you to open ...

Source: "Chuanjiang Metropolis Daily" June 13, 2022, the 2nd edition of the 2nd edition

Author: Xu Yaqin Muke

Drawing: Xie Bo

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