"Good Book Recommend" Lu Pengyi: Chinese cultural choices

Lu Pengyi: Chinese cultural choices

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The book "East and West Culture and his Philosophy" was originally a lecture on Mr. Liang Shuming in 1920 at Peking University. After compilation and ordering, it was published in 1921. It can be described as a long time. However, this book has been unusual since its publication, and the burning is long and new, and it will be helpful to the current China and the Chinese.

Mr. Liang believes that culture is the style of life. By seeing through the life of people in different cultures, the essence of the culture can be recognized. The key to life is people's intentions when encountering problems. Simply put, what means and measures you will take for encountering problems in life. This is the key to culture. Mr. Liang absorbs Buddhist ideology and believes that life is "continuing", and is the efforts of "the universe of" the universe ", that is, the subjective efforts of objective and objective. We can try to overcome the problems we want through this effort. Life is a kind of struggle for "me now" to "me here", which requires all kinds of obstacles. According to Mr. Liang's view, there are three levels of hindrance: the material world, the affectionate "his heart", and the unchanged universe "cause and effect law". So life encountered this problem. It is relatively easy to transform the material world to serve human beings, or it can be determined in the long run, but it is not hindered to the affectionate "his heart". For example, you like someone, but you are not sure that he can make him like you, and this problem is a bit difficult to solve. The last problem of the "law of cause and effect" such as life, old, sick, and dead, all kinds of "impermanence", these "impermanence" can not resist only acceptance, this "hindrance" is never solved. As can be seen as above, our lives will encounter three problems. The first problem is determined to solve the solution, the second problem is uncertain, and the third problem cannot be solved. When encountering these problems, human beings will have three intentions: first, strive to satisfy, get the problem in the front, and transform the situation; 2. If you encounter problems, do not solve And if you want to cancel the problem at all, and encounter the attitude of life problems, you determine the way everyone goes. After entering the analysis of Mr. Liang, Western culture is a culture that is required to be fundamentally requested by meaning, and it takes the first path; Chinese culture is based on the intention of self -to be reconciled, holding on to their own fundamental spirit. It is the second road; Indian culture is based on the desire to reverse backwards as the fundamental spirit. The third road is. It is precisely because of the different attitudes of the Western, China, and India to life, which led to the different nature of material, politics, and culture in the following three civilizations. Table (see Table 1).

Table 1 Western, China, and Indian philosophy comparison table

Farewell

Western

Chinese side

India

religion

At the beginning of the mind, there was a power of power, and the criticism was lost, and the breeding gradually changed to the time -required need. It was faded from this, and then imitated its prescription, and the relationship was also generally.

Occupy all the minds, the forces have never fallen, and there is no change.

philosophy

Part

After the first prosperity, he was criticized and it was a few to the road. I am still looking for the road.

One kind of self -containing one, with Western India, is all non -things, the power is very powerful, and it is unchanged.

It is the same as Western, but the motivation of research is different. As religion is very prosperous, it does not change.

Knowledge of knowledge

When it is prosperous, cover up everything and be the problem of philosophy.

Rarely, you can say no.

There are research, which is quite fine, but not in full.

Part of life

It is not as good as the presence of the first two parts.

The most prosperous and wonderful, connecting its form of school, accounting for all of Chinese philosophy.

Back into religion, there are no religion in religion, so ethics is thin

Mr. Liang believes that there are two differences between China and Western India in metaphysics. I. Different problems: Western and India are exploring the ontology of the universe. Talking about specific problems (Western is the motivation for knowledge, India is the motivation to religion), and China only talks about abstract changes, rarely talks about specific problems. Second, the methods are different: the metaphysics of Western and India uses sensory and rationality, and Chinese -based learning is intuition, which is about reconciling. In the philosophy of life, Western main utilitarian, worshiping knowledge; China is still intuitive and well -known; India uses the present volume to prove that it is true.

Mr. Liang believes that various cultures are not the present direction at the beginning, but finally determined the road after repeated. For example, Western culture, the first road was taken during the ancient Greek period, and it was folded to the third road in more than 1,000 years in the Middle Ages. Only through the "Renaissance" only to choose to take the first path, and it has been until now until now , And outstanding results. During the contention of Chinese culture, there are various road directions, but from the founding of Confucius to the Confucianism of the Han Dynasty, it gradually embarked on the second path, and farther and farther from the road of Confucius. Indian culture also took the third path after Buddhism.

In Mr. Liang's eyes, the three cultures are not good or inferior. They are right. They are all attitudes to solve the three major problems in life. Western culture solves the problem of human and nature, and transforms the material world by outside; Chinese culture solves the problems between people, and seek self -harmony. Indian culture wants to fundamentally cancel from fundamentally "Life, old, sick, dead" and other unavoidable issues. However, when the first problem has not been solved, it is impossible to solve the second and third problems. Therefore, Chinese culture and Indian culture are precocious culture. Essence

Regarding the future of world civilization, Mr. Liang proposed the "three -phase reappearance" of world culture. He believes that the first problem in the world has not been solved very well, that is, the productivity is underdeveloped, and the material life of a person cannot be well satisfied. Therefore, the "Western Culture" of the first problem attitude is shined. Leading for hundreds of years. However, with the improvement of productivity, when the first problem gradually solved, the second problem will become the main problem -and in the Western world, it has been revealed -at this time "Chinese culture" will shine, Chinese civilization Will be revived into world civilization. And because of the second path, the human consciousness and reason are conscious, and people are more emotionally sensitive, and they are inevitably troubled by the third issue. At this time, only by seeing everything through Buddhism, it can be solved by canceling the problem at all. This will become a period of "Indian culture". Therefore, the three different cultures will be reappeared one by one in different historical periods of human beings.

So what should China do? Mr. Liang proposed his attitude: he accepted the western culture, but changed his attitude, re -brought China's original attitude, and took the second path of "Gang". In the case of the first problem in China, it is not a good solution. It should be a path of transformation of nature, vigorously developing the economy, and improving the scientific and technological level and academic level. This is the material foundation of the second path. However, the first path of Western culture also has disadvantages, that is, forcing people to take care of various interests, rationality is too prosperous, suppressing emotions and impulses, life is unpleasant, and they have been personal. Happiness, disturbing people. This is caused by leaning the center of gravity from outside. So how can we go to the first way and can overcome the disadvantages of Western culture? Mr. Liang believes that it is best to feel that the situation is unshakable and struggling; Mo is going to run from the front, so the center of gravity will return to the body again. This is the so -called "rigid". Essence If you do n’t have it, then you will be the path of society and the future, but this is only a period of excessive one or two.

Mr. Liang made a special explanation about the so -called Confucius. He believes that Confucius' thoughts are mainly as follows: praise for life is to follow the truth of nature, lively and smooth hair; the attitude that does not determine, no intention, no, no solid, no me; an intuition; a intuition of intuition; an intuition; The attitude of intuition is the so -called "benevolent" of Confucius; regardless of the attitude of interests, do nothing; know that it must not be happy. He believes that in the middle of our lives, we are often divided into one purpose and means, which is a fake difference between reason and feelings for the convenience of acting for ourselves. It is no meaning to intercept itself. The so -called knowledge of it, and the intuition also caused it. At this time, I do n’t worry about it, but I ’m going to do any of them. Well -known and lively, tirelessly tireless, Gai Xingye "Gang". The selfless desire (identified before) is also the saying, the selfish desire is yin stagnation, and the selfless desire is exhausted, the fatigue and tiredness are inevitable; The internal source is smooth, straight and powerful, and it is also inevitable. Mr. Liang believes that in order to make China stronger and avoid repeating the wrong Western society, a "Renaissance" campaign with the attitude of life as the core must be rejuvenated. Quan Chao is out of the person who is the person, the material of the material, and the settlement of the accounts everywhere, and do something. It emits the vitality from the inside, and it melts the attitude of forward. In this way, there is really power to continue to be energetic, not frustrated, not tired, and get his fun from his own activities.

Mr. Liang seems to have a good understanding of the three civilizations, and he is also insightful to China. But the disadvantage of the United States is that he seems to be too exclusive to reason. If a intuition, can we really do nothing? We should take reason as a means to achieve the purpose of emotional actions. The reason and intuition are not absolutely long, and the two can promote each other. For the society for the future, as long as it is uneasy, out of intuition and emotions (generally), it should also be attributed to the second path of Gang. In addition, the third issue of life seems to be solved with the thought of Laozhuang, and it is not necessary to resort to Buddhism.

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