[History and Culture] Emei martial arts source far flowing ‖ Wei Yixiong

Author:Fang Zhi Sichuan Time:2022.08.13

Emei martial arts source is long and long

Wei Yixiong

To this day, the Emei martial arts has become the name of Bashu martial arts.

Origin from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period

In the Chinese martial arts industry, the Emei faction, the Shaolin faction and the Wudang faction began in the Ming Dynasty, and their historical origins can be traced further. However, due to the lack of historical data, there are few morning stars that can find the origin of these three factions. At present, there are only legends about the origin of these three factions: the Shaolin School is legendary by the ancient Indian monk Chinese Zen ancestor Dharma, the ancestor of the ancient monks who came to China during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Spring and Autumn Period, Situ Xuankong created the arm.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, many scholars samurai lived in seclusion of Mount Emei. It is said that there is a samurai Situ Xuankong, who is a moving spirit, and plows in the mountains. In the mimics of the apes and monkeys in the mountains and monkeys, he created a set of "Emei Tong Nong Boxing" with flexible offensive and defensive. There are many apprentices. Because Situ Xuankong often wears white clothes, the people are called "white ancestors".

In 1985, the "History of Chinese Martial Arts" of the People's Sports Publishing House was recorded as "the Warring States White Ape, Same Same Bai Mingshi, Word Clothing Three, and Number of Ling Lingzi". In 1989, Sichuan Science and Technology Publishing House's "Sichuan Martial Arts Encyclopedia" was called "Spring and Autumn and Warring States White Apes, Word Clothing Three, that is, Situ Xuankong in Mount Emei". The 2001 edition of "Leshan City" was contained in "Baiyou Three, and it is said that in the Warring States Period imitation mountain ape movement created Emei Tong arm boxing, flexible offense and defense, and apprentices in Emeishan." According to records, the heroine Yue Yueyue King Yue Yue went to the court to go to the court. The old man holding the sword and the "self -proclaimed Yuan Gong" used a bamboo trick, "Yuan Gongfei turned on the tree and turned into a white ape." According to this statement, the legend of "White Ape Gong" was available in the Spring and Autumn Period. Zhao Yan is the Eastern Han Smart, so the image of the white apes appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty late. The specific time is difficult to admit. Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Jieke Youth Fair": "Young people learn swordsmanship, Ling Yan White Ape." With the white apes as a set off, he chanted a juvenile swordsmanship superb. Du Mu's "Title of the Six Rhymes of the Prince of the West of the West of the West Ping Ziping" in the Tang Dynasty has "Giving Fu Huangshi, learning the sword and white ape." In the "1507-1560, Jiangsu Wujin from Wujin) in the Ming Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty, there was a" Emei Taoist Boxing Song "in" The Collection of Mr. Jingchuan "in Jiangsu. The poem is in harmony with the "White Ape ancestor".

In the long -term circulation of the folks, Tongsquan gradually formed a set of boxing such as "Top Ape Monkey" and "White Ape Tong". The Qing Dynasty was changed to "Liuhe Tong Nong", which is currently spread in Chengdu, Chongqing, Panzhihua and other places. In today's Tong arm boxing, although there are "Ape Monkey out of holes", "猢狲撩而", "drunk apes" and "white apes" and other actions, they have gradually given up the image of ape and monkey. , "Tong the shoulders" and "through the arm" during the effort, in the flash, exhibition, teng, movement, shooting, ups and downs, show the characteristics of chest and back throughput, shake your wrist, switch on both arms, twist your waist, etc. The proportion of the action of hooks is very small, so it is still significantly different from the monkey fist.

通臂除拳术外，还有通臂功、通臂掌、通臂连环刀、通臂连环棍、白猿奇势大小连环，以及白猿刀、双刀、花枪、双剑、单剑、短Sword and other practice.

The self -made system in the Southern Song Dynasty

At the end of the Warring States Period, Qin destroyed Bashu, and the three kingdoms Shu Han and Cao Wei and Sun Wu land to fight for years. During the two Jin and Northern Dynasties, the northwestern dynasties and the southwestern bureaucrats had a large number of Bashu, which provided the strengths of the Central Plains and other regions and ethnic minority martial arts in the Bashu area. Opportunity.

During the Wei and Jin dynasties, Taoism and Buddhism successively passed on Mount Emei. Taoist priests have practiced methods such as "Tu Na, Guiding, Sitting forgotten, Xinzhai, and Shouyi" to achieve the realm of intention and qi, qi and god, and form qigong. Not old. In addition to meditation, monks often practice boxing and kicks, dance guns, one to adjust the boring scriptures, the other is to strengthen the body, and the third is to guard the temple. They mixed the Taoist health qigong and the hunting skills of the people, creating a unique monk martial arts.

Gradually, some of the samurai who were stumped joined the Tao Buddha of Mount Emei. According to the "History of Zen Zhenyi" in the Ming Dynasty, the Emperor Xiaoye of the East of the Northern Dynasty (534-549), the general Lin Shimao (491-618) came to the Mount Emei Mountain in the mountains. The "General of Zhennan", the well -made Eastern Wei Dynasty, was persecuted by the power and avoided the disaster in Zezhou (now Jincheng, Shanxi). Later, he served as the Deputy Temple of Miaoxiang Temple in Nanjing, and later went to Mount Emei, leaving a beautiful talk of "Save Tiger Save". In addition to the class, he taught his superb martial arts to young monks, and the mountains were prevailing on the mountain. Unfortunately, the historical materials about Master Master.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Mount Emei became one of the four famous mountains in Chinese Buddhism. The dojo of the Puxian Bodhisattva, the monks increased greatly, and there were also many natural monks.

During the Jianyan period of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1130), Master Linji Zong Baiyun Zen, Emei Mountain created the "Emei Linji Qigong". According to the study of the Vice President of the Chinese Buddhist Association (1908-1984, Jiangyin, Jiangsu), Master Bai Yun was originally a Taoist priest, and later converted to the Buddhist gate. He is proficient in medicine, integrates the mechanism of yin and yang deficiency and realism and the prosperity of the human body. Integration, medical treatment, and crackdown, creating a set of unique Linji qigong techniques. There are 12 festivals that combine the essence of medicine, Tao, Buddhism, and martial arts, and later generations are called "Emei Twelve Gong". According to the regulations of Linji Zong, this skill can only be taught in the Zongzong and cannot be passed on, so there are very few people know. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), Xiaogan, Macheng, Hubei, gave Jiang Yiluo and came to Emei Mountain to worship the Golden Peak to the monk as a teacher. Zhou Qianchuan, a physician of the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1907-1972, was originally born in Weiyuan, Sichuan), and authored "Emei Twelve Panel Release" (published by the Shanxi People's Publishing House in 1959). In 1958, Zhou Qianchuan would teach all his research experience and Master Juzan. Ji Zan was at Shanghai Daxia University. He became a monk at Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou in 1931. He named the name of the law, and the word Dinghui was changed. He has studied Buddhist philosophy, Zhuzi Baijia and Kant, and Hegel philosophy, especially with unique insights on consciousness and Zen. Essence Mr. Fu Weizhong, directed by Janzan, published "Emei Linti Qigong -Emei Twelve Real Emperor" and "Emei Qigong qigong -Emei Tiandi Fingeric Point Point Points in 1982 and 1985 "Two books. These books have contributed to Emei Qigong out of the Buddhist gate, the society, and the people of Zehui.

The twelve power of Emei is divided into two types of tattoos and sizes. Practicing the Wen Shi and the small practice method is mainly to eliminate the disease and strengthen the body; those who practice the two trends of civil and military and the big practice method can not only diagnose and treat the disease for others, but also prevent themselves and defend the enemy.

On the basis of the "Emei Twelve Piles", the six major colleges of quiet skills were later developed: virtual steps, heavy hammer skills, shrinking ground work, hanging sac, fingertips, nirvana. Among them, the thirty -sixth type of Tianyu fingers is the most powerful. It integrates qigong, massage, acupuncture, cloth qi and martial arts, and can also be called "Qigong guide point massage method".

During the Southern Song Dynasty, there was another elder in Mount Emei, imitating apes and monkeys to roll around, creating a set of monkey fists. Because Wuyi Gaoqiang Deyuan's eyebrows are pure white, and they are called "white eyebrows", this kind of boxing is called "white eyebrow boxing", which has been circulating to this day. Now Sichuan, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, and Chinese in the United States and Europe have practiced exercises. of. Elder Deyuan also collected the martial arts data of Mount Emeishan, combined with his own experience, and wrote the book "Emei Boxing", which systematically summarized the practice of Emei martial arts in theory. This book is the earliest text information about Emei martial arts. The author believes that this book is a sign of the development of Emei martial arts and its own system.

Dingsheng in the Ming and Qing dynasties

In the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, the Emei martial arts entered the heyday, and the talents came out and the master Lin Li was more superb. The "Emei Taoist Boxing Song", which quoted people Tang Shunzhi, vividly and vividly described the superb skills of Emei Boxing in the Ming Dynasty. The rhythm and other aspects are all described in detail. He praised his hard work with "suddenly a feet, the rock cracking and shocked the sand," and he praised his hard work; he used "all the folds and the waist and the back, and the body was all hands." The star woman threw the spiritual shuttle, and the heavenly demon turned the green sleeves "described her movement agile; using" the crowd in the danger, the people who hid the machine Mo San "summarized its telescopic opening and closing, the change was free, which can be described as profound. A total of 30 sentences of "Emei Talent Boxing Song" is the only special poem to praise Emei martial arts today.

In addition to boxing and qigong, the eighteen weapons such as the Emei School's swordsmanship and sword halberd also reached the point where the fire was innocent in the Ming Dynasty. In martial arts across the country, Emei's swordsmanship and marksmanship are the most famous. According to rumors, Emei Sword is gradually improved on the basis of the "White Ape Twenty -Four Method".

During the Republic of China, Master Li Zhen of Qingyin Pavilion was deep in internal skills, and swordsmanship was particularly fine. He had the reputation of "Emei Sword Fairy".

The well -known militaryist and martial artist Cheng Chonglou (Sichuan New Capital) wrote "Geng Yu leftover skills", which described the skills such as "Emei Gun Method" and "White Eyebrow Baste".

During the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Shi Wu Xun (1611-1695, No. Lun Chen, Loujiang, Jiangsu) who studied the Emei gun method from Zhu Xiongzhan) accurately explained various marksmanship, which wrote: "Master Zen Master of Xishu Emei Mountain, ancestor's white eyebrow, encounters a pama method in the encounter, and the tillers air room, practice two years, once realized, then create deity, swim through all directions, Mo and drive. , Twelve falls back, both offensive and defensive, and break the martial arts. "It can be seen that its changes are unpredictable and exquisite.

In the Emei gun method, there are techniques such as governance, governance, dynamic, static, offensive and defensive, review, abstinence, and backward, which greatly enriches the theory of Emei martial arts.

In the 54th year of the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1789), the monk of the Daping Temple of Emeishan created the "Langzi Yan Qing Quan"; the 55th year of the Qianlong Qianlong (1790), the mountain monk imitated the trend of Qinglong and white cranes to create "six multiplication boxing"; (1796-1820), Master Long Shentang was inspired by the turbulent water potential from Heilongjiang on the mountain. It took ten years to make a "Wulong Boxing" that had a switched leg. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Elder Lantern of Xianfeng Temple and Zizhi Cave clear the virtual Taoist, and communicated with various martial arts masters inside and outside the Great Wall of the Great River. Afterwards, they returned to Mount Emei and worked hard to compile "Emeizi Wumen Martial Arts". Practice and name it. Its style is represented by Ziwuquan, as well as equipment techniques such as the noon gun, the noon sword, the noon sword, and the noon stick. There are also Biyun and Jingyun Erdao Changchuang "Guaquan". In the three years of Guangxu (1877), the monk Fu Yun created "Tiger Claw Boxing". The "Study Room" (Secretary) He Chongzheng (Sichuan Famous Mountain) of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Wing Wang Shida. After the defeat of the soldiers, he was cut into a monk. The Hero Hao Jie Zhi Shi anti -Qing, who has lived in tin in Mount Emei for many years. He wrote the book "Emei Boxing" (also known as "Boxing"). At the beginning, there was a poem "One tree blooms and flowers. Emei martial arts, "Five Flowers" refers to the five areas of Bashu, and "Eight Leaf '' refers to the eight martial arts of" monks, Yue, Zhao, Du, Hong, Hua, word, and meeting "in Sichuan martial arts. The martial arts world has a different explanation of the "five flowers". It is still controversial whether the eight martial arts are all Emei, but it is enough to illustrate that the Emei martial arts martial arts is the same, and its wide spread is wide and the martial arts.

There is a unique appliance in the Emei school, Emei, who looks like a woman's bun, can be used as a assassination weapon under specific conditions; and the jade girl fist and other exercises. Some martial arts novels interpret these magic methods and appliances to render, and even use the mouth of fictional martial arts masters to create Emei martial arts created by some nuns and heroines, which has caused many people to misunderstand the source of Emei martial arts sources. , Require the original clear source.

In the long -term historical evolution, the Emei faction has gradually formed its own characteristics. Compared with the Shaolin and Wudang School, the most obvious difference is that it specially emphasizes both internal and external practice. In fact, these three factions each have subtle accomplishments, all of which pay attention to internal and external practice, and have both physical use, but different degrees. The Shaolin faction was created by the monks, opened up and big, hard attacks up, rushing to attack, and known for their legs. They are good at the pre -made people and belong to the outsider; Force, belongs to the inner family boxing; the Emei faction is a Tao and a monk, and pays more attention to both internal and external practice. It can be seen from the above "Emei Twelve Gongs" and "Tiandi Fingers Point Method" that it pays attention to the practice of internal qi, but also pays attention to the combination of the body.

The Emei faction is good at absorbing and fusion of other martial arts, and has also sent blood to other martial arts. They have grown up in mutual discussion and constantly pushed out new.

At the end of the Sui Dynasty, Yunyun, a monk Yunzhang, who traveling to the Songshan Temple of Henan in Mount Emei, once taught Shaolin Boxing to Emei monks.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Sanfeng, a well -known Taoist priest, went to Emei Mountain to preach, and learned Huolongquan, Tongjie Boxing, etc. from the Emei monks, and then returned to Wugang Mountain to create a family boxing. The first sentence of the Wudang Inner Family Boxing "Sixth Road and Ten Jin Jin" is "the highest blessing arm", which understands that it has a close relationship with Emei Tongbu.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, Du Guanyin, a master of Jiangxi martial arts, came to Sichuan to teach "Demon Boxing".

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Guilin, Guangxi, had a hero of the Week in Emei Mountain and the monks created a "word door fist".

Promote contemporary

Regarding the historical data of Emei martial arts, sporadic and scattered, it is difficult to collect complete. Because the origin and development of the three major martial arts are closely related to Taoism and Buddhism, it has added a lot of mysterious colors. And some boxing or other routines created during the Ming and Qing dynasties, often the names of the Tang and Song dynasties or earlier, can not be verified, so they are even more confusing. However, from the rough outline of the limited data collected above, we have felt that the Emei martial arts sources are long, extensive and profound, and the leaves are lush. It has been developed, enriched, and innovative after generations of Bashu and other parts of martial arts. Regarding its intricate complex martial arts, it is still difficult to overview.

After the end of the Qing Dynasty, due to the input of foreign guns and foreign artillery, martial arts had no extensive significance. The three major martial arts are gradually micro -martial arts, but there are still many people who practice martial arts for the purpose of strengthening their health, but the number of people is getting less and less. In 1983, in order to rescue, excavate and promote the Emei martial arts, the Sichuan Sports Commission collected many martial arts materials and interviewed thousands of old boxers over 60 years old in Bashu to videos of their techniques. , 2368 kinds of bare hands, equipment, practice routines, practice methods, and crackdown items are more colorful than more than 250 Shaolin martial arts collected at the same time. Contemporary Emei faction Master Sea Lantern (1902-1989, commonly known as Fan is not ill, Sichuan Jiangyou) has set up art in his hometown, cultivating many disciples.

Emei Shen Gong is also circulating overseas. Today, the "International White Eyebrow Martial Arts Federation" established by Huang Jifu, Smith and others in the UK, 5 Emei martial arts martial arts martial arts founded by Chen Jian and Chen Chaohui, and the Emei martial arts martial arts martial arts established by Xu Hao. Li Rong, Canada, founded the Emei Martial Arts Qigong Center and created Samsung Taijiquan. The Emei Martial Arts Museum opened by Zeng Qingzong, Switzerland, taught "Emei Twelve Gongs". Liang Shouyu, who is good at snake boxing, has organized the exchanges between Canada and Sichuan martial arts many times. After 1982, the Shaolin faction resurrected with the movie "Shaolin Temple" and developed rapidly, developing rapidly, and dominating the rivers and lakes; the Wudang faction rose up, and there was a certain scale. Relatively speaking, the Emei school with the earliest origin and the most type of martial arts culture is much weaker. In the past 40 years, in order to revitalize the Emei martial arts, the relevant parties have established the Sichuan Wushu Museum and the Sichuan Martial Arts Association; many martial arts and martial arts schools have been established in Leshan City, Emeishan City, Jiajiang County, Meishan City and Chengdu; The People's Government of Emeishan City began to promote martial arts in primary and secondary schools, starting from children. The "Emei Martial Arts Performance Troupe" consisting of the elite of the Chengdu Institute of Physical Education, Ledshan Great Buddha Culture and Martial Arts School, and Emei Kung Fu Study Headquarters has performed many times in Emeishan, Leshan, Chengdu, Chongqing, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Singapore, Malaysia and other places. There are also many foreign youths who study Emei martial arts at Leshan Great Buddha Cultural and Martial Arts School, other martial arts schools, martial arts martial arts martial arts martial arts martial arts martial arts martial arts.

In September 2002, at the fourth International Tourism Buddhist Festival of Leshan, the "Shaolin, Wudang, and Emei Martial Arts Elite Competition" was held in Emeishan to promote the revitalization of Emei martial arts. A large number of well -known media have made a lot of reports. The successful elite match is an important measure to promote Emei martial arts.

In September 2004, Jin Yong, a master of martial arts novels in Hong Kong, went to Emei to "Mid -Autumn Festival Sword". After watching the Emei martial arts performance, he did not understand the Emei faction before, and described the techniques of the Emei figure with his own imagination, saying that in the future, he must modify the inappropriateness of the Emei faction in the work.

Established in the summer of 2004, the China Emei Martial Arts Research Association has developed rapidly to more than 500 people. They are seriously organizing the Martial arts information of Emei faction, studying the law of promoting and promoting, and actively cultivating the tips of martial arts from teenagers. A number of young masters such as "Emei Thirteen Swords" have emerged.

In the past 20 years, CCTV, Sichuan Television and Hunan Television have repeatedly played the special features of Emei martial arts. In December 2004, Shen Shengqiu, director of the Korean Martial Arts Institute, and Professor Zhao Chengjun, the head of Taekwondo University of Lingshan University, made a special trip to Leshan to discuss with the Emei Martial Arts Research Association. South Korea KBS TV made a comprehensive interview with the current status and development of Emei martial arts at the end of October 2006. In June 2007, the Italian Radio and Television Company went to Leshan and Emei to shoot the special feature film of Emei martial arts. On October 26, 2006, the first China Emei Martial Arts Culture International Forum was held in Emeishan City. Chinese and foreign martial arts masters gathered a "discussion sword" to provide suggestions for the development of Emei martial arts. In August 2007, the "China · Sichuan International Emei Martial Arts Festival" was held in Mount Emei. It has been held every two years and has adhered to to this day. In addition, many names of the Emei martial arts exhibition and competition are available every year.

We believe that through the various aspects of the government, society, and folks, the Emei martial arts that Zeng Shengxiao's all over the world will be able to create a glory, and to drive together with the Shaolin and martial arts factions, so that the Chinese treasures of martial arts can be carried forward.