[Auto Culture] Learn for the motherland -519 interns of the First Automobile Manufacturer went to the Soviet Union for internship

During the "Five -Year Plan" plan, with the strong support of the country and the help of the Soviet Union, the first automobile manufacturer (hereinafter referred to as "FAW") was completed and put into operation, becoming the "cradle of the New China automobile industry", and for the development and training of my country's automobile industry And transport a large number of outstanding talents. And a group of people, known as the "cradle in the cradle,", was 9 batches of 519 intern sent by FAW from 1953 to 1957 to Soviet Automobile Factory. With the dream of serving the motherland, they embarked on the path of "learning for the motherland". This major learning measure has a profound impact on FAW's factories, development and even the development of my country's automotive industry.

Ordering in the Soviet Union representative group

On March 25, 1952, the Finance and Economics Committee of the Administration of Administration heard and approved the preliminary design and promise of FAW, and agreed that the Ministry of Industry intends to propose to the Soviet side to hire Soviet experts and dispatch intern. On April 4, the Finance and Economic Commission notified the Ministry of Industry to send an order representative group consisting of Meng Shaonong, Li Gang, Chen Zutao, Pan Chenglie, etc. to Moscow. Under the leadership of the Chinese embassy in the Soviet Union, the technology design and construction design of the factory, Equipment submission, expert employment, intern dispatch and other work. The identity of the order representative group in the Soviet Union is the representative of the "A3-1" (abbreviation of the Russian "First Auto Factory"). Among them, Meng Shaonong, deputy director of the Automotive Industry Preparatory Group of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, is the general representative of the FAW project.

In 1953, she farewell to FAW -FAW in the railway station

China and the Soviet Union began to send interns in 1951. It was officially proposed by the Chinese side in July 1952. On September 15, 1953, the two sides signed a contract in Moscow, stipulating that FAW will send 250 intern to the Soviet Automotive Factory for internship from 1953 to 1955. Consultation. In early 1953, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Soviet Union proposed the number of additional interns to 450 and 630. Stalin Automobile Factory (changed to "Li Harchov Automobile Factory in June 1956") conducted a thorough arrangement for the reception of FAW intern, hired Russian teachers to arrange for a certain period of time in the first half of the year, and assigned the intern to each workshop , Specify engineers and experts with high professional literacy and work experience to teach professional and technical knowledge, and serve as internship mentors.

In order to make two sets of suits in the Soviet Union, one set of Zhongshan clothes, a hat hat, one leather hat, one leather box, other clothing supplies are prepared

Train tickets and meals used by interns in the Soviet Union in 1954

"Zero" batch intern

"Intern is relatively speaking with international students. International students refer to students who go to the Soviet Union to go to college. They are managed by the Education Office of the Embassy in the Soviet Union. The intern mainly graduated or serves as a different level of leading cadres in China (there are also some positions. The old technician), who went to the Soviet Automotive Factory for an internship, was managed by the Business Counselor of the Soviet Union. "

The "zero" batch intern and Russian teacher took a group photo

In early 1953, FAW School Chen Shanshu, Li Songling, Wang Shengyu, Ding Minhua, Li Chuanzheng, Liu Jingchuan, Xin Yuanda, Gao Zhonghua, 8 graduates from Tsinghua University and other universities and have foreign language foundations to strengthen Meng Shaonong, Li Gang, Chen Zutao and others in the Soviet Union. Work. Because the design of the FAW plant had ended at that time, eight people changed to the Stalin Automobile Factory for internship. They were sent to the factory in the first batch of intern, so they were called the "zero" batch of intern. The interns are internship according to the post. What jobs do you go back? The "zero" approval is no exception. 8 people go to Stalin Automobile Factory Tool Workshop, thermal treatment workshop, stamping workshop, forging workshop, and design office internship.

Instructor Rotovino explained the management of fixture for Ding Minhua

There must be a scientific attitude and an independent spirit

In February 1954, after a year of Russian reinforcement training, the selected intern was led by FAW Vice Factory Director Guo Li to go to the Soviet Union in batches. After studying and negotiating with Stalin Automobile Factory, Guo Li clarified the general policy of the internship, "Learn to organize production, focus on learning special technical operations and improve the necessary theoretical knowledge". To learn the earth, seeking truth from facts is analytical, to contact China's national conditions, not to copy everything, and have a scientific attitude and independent spirit. " For leading cadres, technical personnel, heads, and workers, Guo Li proposed the focus and requirements of internships, and amended the overall plan to send internships to the Soviet Union according to the actual needs of the factories. In September 1954, the FAW Factory Rao Bin also went to the Soviet Union to study systematically according to the organization.

During the Soviet internship, Rao Bin, Chen Zutao and intern were in

Guo Li is in Moscow's Red Field

Huang Yiran, who went to the Soviet Union and served as the deputy director of FAW after returning to China, said, "Since we implement the" factory director under the leadership of the party committee ", they implement the 'one -long system'. We must learn their management of their management The theoretical and experience of the factory cannot be copied. We need to design a management system that is suitable for modern large -scale enterprises that are suitable for my country's national conditions. " To learn with questions, not only do you learn how people do it, but also consider how to do it after returning. Think from the perspective of combining theory and practice. "

Stalin Automobile Factory reports "Stalin People" and reports the study and living conditions of interns

Pan Shengxing and his mentor took a group photo of Pan Shengxing in the design room of Stalin Automobile Factory. In 1955, he was an internship at the vision design department of the Stalin Automotive Factory. There is no concept of internship profession, and the difficulties and pressures I will face are obvious. However, there is a sentence often in my heart: our love for the motherland is not empty and abstract, but a rich content of content ... This is me A word in the "People's Daily" editorial on May 4, 1953, who was leaving school. At this time, I felt that loved the motherland was rich and specific. Go to. "" During the entire internship, I experienced the fact that the chief designer of the factory always carried a kind of thought, that is, the "designer's responsibility -creating new things'. One of my life creeds created a new type of car for the motherland. "

Study notes and inner pages of interns to the Soviet Union

Exercise from learning and practice

FAW -sent interns to the Soviet Union conducted a comprehensive and systematic study in Stalin Automobile Factory, which played a key role in the rapid establishment of an expert in my country. The intern includes 204 in the factory, 46 leadership departments, 40 outside the industry, and more than 200 fresh graduates of the University of China. They are born in revolutionary cadres, workers and intellectuals. Geen than 30 years old. The internships to the Soviet Union are all supporting from key positions, departments, and majors. In the intern, the director, the director, the director of the workshop, the head of the workshop, and the adjustment worker, from the factory leadership to the grassroots, the key positions are complete. The department covers 36 departments such as production, auxiliary production and rear management in front of the plant. It includes dozens of types of automotive product design, process manufacturing plan management, financial management, quality management, and auxiliary production technology.

The intern plan for the intern to formulate the intern

Intern in the workshop

The intern and due to the teaching of the intern and the actual operation are combined with the post and the actual operation. "Leading cadres should learn production organizations and management on the basis of familiarity with the production process; various professional and technical personnel must learn the technical business knowledge and skills of this major; Adjust the equipment to adjust the equipment of this major or this position. "" Different personnel specify the internship period according to the complexity of their internship content: leading cadres, technical personnel and professional managers are one year, the director of the Ministry of Industry, the head of the head, and adjustment of the adjustment It is eight months old, and the internship period for design and technicians is the longest, eighteen to 20 months. "

"Calculation Table of Equipment Load and Storage Loading Fixed Table of Equipment Loads and Storage Loads"

During the internship, the mentor teaches technical business knowledge and operation methods according to the different needs of the intern. Except for learning, the rest of the internships are working and living with the Soviets at the production site or in the internship department. Each interns must not only master professional technical business knowledge, but also participate in operations as much as possible to improve their hands -on ability. Since then, some leading cadres have become excellent factory managers, some old workers have become excellent technicians and experts, and some intellectuals make up for a hands -on operation and have achieved both civil and military.

Pan Xiaoli conducted internship operations under the guidance of mentor Xie Miaopov

In 1954, Wang Daxun participated in a group photo celebrating the "May 1st" festival during the internship

Wang Daxun was one of the first 39 interns to the Soviet Union in November 1953 and went to the director of the workshop in Stalin Automobile Factory. "Under the leadership of Comrade Guo Li and the Party Branch, all our intern, whether it is leading cadres, technicians and workers, has worked as early as possible to study, and has completed the task of internships." The ground taught me their production technical knowledge and management experience, which made me deeply moved. During the internship, I recorded 12 notes. These notes recorded the content of the lectures of the mentors and recorded various machine tools of the machine repair workshop. Equipment and performance, typical cases of machine tool repair process, typical cases of spare parts processing process; recorded the relevant management system and business process of the workshop. " In the article "Learning -The theme of Eternal Life" recalled, "Bring a dictionary during the internship and check it at any time. The internship is one position for each person. Courage to practice, or for several months, or half a year, everyone has passed the internship and life. "

Xie Yun purchased the Russian and Chinese dictionary, became the "baby" for internships in the Soviet Union

Li Lanqing was the secretary and leader of FAW's last batch of internship party.

In 1956, Li Lanqing led the last group of comrades to the Soviet Union for internship. He recalled that "our internship in the Soviet Automobile Factory is mainly to designate the leaders of the corresponding departments and workshops as the main instructor in the Soviet Union, responsible for individual lectures. At the same time, experts from relevant departments teach and work with class to master key businesses and technologies. Go to work during the day, review and sort out learning notes at night, and think about how to establish corresponding systems and carry out work in combination with the actual situation of our country in the future. This kind of theoretical and practical learning is very effective. "

While nervous learning, the daily life of the intern is also colorful. The picture shows the participation of the 6th World Youth and College Student Gala

Lianchao Chinese delegation leads the flower car

The seeds of cultivation grow up

With the sincere help of the Soviet mentor and the belief of "studying hard and rewarding the motherland", he learned the skills of manufacturing car's professional technology, organizational production and management factories. The intern is a student in the Soviet Union. After returning to China, they become teachers. They taught the theory and technology they learned to colleagues around the colleagues without reservation. , Playing an important role in production preparation and putting into production.

In 1956, a letter from the instructor Fo Yuk to Pan Shengxing exchanged the production status and work of the Lihachikov Automobile Factory

Pan Chenglie took a photo in front of the Kremlin in 1954

Pan Chenglie has been internship at the production scheduling office of Stalin Automobile Factory. "When I finished one year of internship, I have written less than 500,000 words. I hurry up and re -clear the time. In order to maintain the original state, these two materials are written in Russian. At the end of 1954, in 1954 , Our group of people returned to China. In the 1955 Spring Festival, I started working at the FAW's production scheduling office. First of all, all the learned things were translated into Chinese, and then the production scheduling of the factory and the production scheduling department of each workshop and the production scheduling department of each workshop. All the people lectures and lectured for a long time daily, so that a total of three months continued ... In May 1955, the factory technical education was named my lecture on the "Automobile Manufacturing Factory Work Calendar Plan" as the internal data. Later, it became the main business reference material of our car tractor enterprise production scheduling system. "

Books that FAW went to the Soviet Union learned to use

Zhou Dasheng adjusted the grinding machine at the engine workshop at Stalin Automobile Factory in 1955. "After returning to China, it was the Development of FAW engine workshop equipment. In the case, I successfully completed the adjustment of many precision equipment, and contributed to the first engine that welcomed the "May 1st" as scheduled ... On the basis of a large amount of adjustment practice, I wrote "Unintentional grinding beds Adjustment, published in 1959. "Shen Huazheng internship at the woodworking workshop in Stalin Automobile Factory in 1954." In addition to digestion and absorption of learning in Su, we also have some improvements and innovations ... Let's say that it is a 'sowing machine', it is the 'working team', wherever I go, I can take root, germinate, and result. "

In February 1955, intern Shen Huazheng took a group photo with colleagues in Stalin Automobile Factory before returning home

In April 1955, Stalin Automobile Factory model workshop employees sent off for interns Liu Kechun

519 intern played an important role in the post of FAW's production and construction, and made important contributions to the construction and development of my country's automobile industry. Since then, more than 300 people have been transferred away from FAW, supporting China's automobiles and military industries, and has become the backbone force on various fronts.

In 1956, the commemorative card presented to the FAW of Lihachov Auto Factory, which reads "Congratulations to the Chinese people on the date of production of this factory, all employees of the Lihajiaov Auto Factory, October 1956"

In November 1957, Comrade Mao Zedong published to Moscow University at the University of Moscow. "The world is you, of course, we are still, but in the final analysis, you are full of vitality. The speech that hopes to pin on you "is the ideal and expectations for everyone to build New China. FAW's 519 interns who went to the Soviet Union did not disappoint the training of the party and the motherland, practiced the glory mission of reporting the motherland, and put them into the construction of the new China automotive industry.

History is concrete, with collections, stories one by one, a paragraph of memories ... record the history of FAW's interns to the Soviet Union. Their studying figures, the hard -working quality, the self -improving patriotic feelings, the passionate burning youthful years ... still shine under the precipitation of time.

Written article/Xiong Wei

Photo/Wang Kai

references

[1] China First Automobile Group Corporation. The years of Fenghua Zhengmao — the day of internship in Moscow Lihagov Automobile Factory [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2020.12

[2] European and American classmates will stay with the Soviet Union and the CIS Branch. The Road to Students -Student Students Student in New China Struggle [M]. Beijing: China Youth Publishing House, 2000.4

[3] Propaganda Department of China's First Automobile Group Corporation. FAW Memory [M]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University Press, 2013.6

[4] Zheng Mingwu. Auto cradle: Changchun First Auto Manufacturing Factory Construction [M]. Changchun: Jilin Publishing Group Co., Ltd., 2009.12

[5] Changchun Cultural and Historical Data Editorial Committee Changchun City Archives. Soviet experts are in FAW [M]. Changchun: Changchun Modern Printing Co., Ltd., 2013.6

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