Article | Xinqiu Zhongyuan Day, the world of fireworks in the world

Original Author: Sorrow

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When humans enter modern civilization from farming civilization, most people are liberated from the restraint of the land, and naturally they cannot reach the state of tightness with the farming civilization. When holding the watermelon to blow the air conditioner, and complain about the coolness of the heat, if someone tells you that the autumn has arrived, you will definitely vote for him. However, for the old people of Suzhou in the old days, whether it is Liqiu or the late Qiuzhong Yuan Festival, it is a day to look forward to, between time and rotation, it is customary. No.

1. Come on the autumn

The first autumn is the first solar terms in the autumn, indicating that the new autumn has made breakthroughs from the cool summer. Yuan Yan once said: "Zhu Xia is doing all the time, the cool blows and the autumn are giving the autumn." Essence Although the people in the hot summer, as Yang Wanli said, was "the first time in the summer", the coolness in Suzhou would not immediately arrive at the autumn wind. After the autumn, there was still a solar terms. "Lishu" said: "Dou refers to the southwest of the autumn, and it starts to kill all things, according to the autumn training, Gu Yusuye", "Qiuzi" also: "The autumn people are under the sun, so everything is collected" The role of farmers is mainly to remind farmers' crops to mature, so that their expectations for fruits and mountains in their hearts are a little enthusiastic.

In the old days, the people of Suzhou were not very sensitive to the solar terms like contemporary people. At the age of four, it was a timetable for them to life. Therefore, in the old days, Suzhou had the saying "pre -autumn", that is, a few days before the beginning of autumn, there must be a breeze and drizzle. The new autumn is getting cool, and the vulgarity is "to do autumn" in advance. "

If the weather changes above, it means that it is not far away from the beginning of autumn. The arrival of the beginning of autumn, in the eyes of Suzhou farmers, it is more like a prediction with luck, because there is a "autumn" statement in the local area, "Ji Li Mixing" records: Laurea, damaged late rice, also the cloud of autumn, the main late rice dumplings. The proverb: 'Autumn hub, harvesting the valley', and the cloud: "Autumn 孛 deer, damage thousands of Dendrobium '", which means that if it is the beginning of autumn On the day, the thunderbolt is not real. Many of the rice that will be collected will be unique and hollow rice. In addition, there are "Fan Dae Show, a masterpiece of dense fog, which has Baihong Hengsan, commonly known as Bai Yan, and also obtains the Valley of the Valley. If the two are added, there is a saying that "the thunder collects a thousand, and the charges of 10,000". I believe that the peasant of Suzhou farmers to observe the phenomenon all day long is the most hate to see these two phenomena.

(Qing) Partial part of Chen Mei's "Three Yun of the Geng Weaving Lattage"

Taipei Palace Museum Collection

The farmers are about to see how the harvest of the year, but if the people who care about the summer air will immediately disappear, they can also glimpse the clue on the same day. "Wu County, Hua Jili" said: "The morning and evening in the autumn is the cool and evening, the proverb: 'Chairi Autumn, 渹飔 飔; night, the hotness, the hot is not rest." What is the solar term of a day? Can it be divided into morning and evening? In fact, the solar term can not only be accurate to the morning and evening, but even accurately to multiple seconds. This is because the arrival of the solar term depends on the change of the astrology, and the changes in the astrology can be observed in ancient times. It's Liqiu. Therefore, in the old days, Suzhou used the beginning of the autumn to judge whether the summer heat would fall back in the night. If it was autumn in the morning, it would be cool, but if it was at night, the summer air would not fall back in a short time. The folks often say that "the heat is in three volts, and the autumn" is often said, that is, it will not cool down immediately after the beginning of autumn.

Before the beginning of the autumn, the watermelon was popular with the people of Suzhou, but on the day of Liqiu, watermelon would become the protagonist again. On the day of the autumn, the people of Suzhou used watermelons to worship their ancestors, or to feed watermelon with each other neighbors, commonly known as "Liqiu Watermelon". In addition, some people in Suzhou like to drink and drink sinensis while eating melons to welcome the new autumn.

2. Zhongyuan Yao Si Ri

A few days after the beginning of the autumn, the Zhongyuan Festival, the people of Suzhou had just got off from the busyness of Lizhou and put it into a new busy busy. The Zhongyuan Festival is also known as July and a half. It is commonly known as the Ghost Festival. Like the Qingming Festival, every family will worship the ancestors today. Details: "Zhongyuan Festival is called July and half, and the county town sacrifice the altar. Visitors gather the mountain ponds, see the no sacrifice, as the Qingming people worship it first." The new funeral home is quite complicated. In addition to the death, it is also necessary to "set up the sutra, cast yoga flame mouth, and recommend the soul of the dead;

Echo the mysterious atmosphere of the Chinese Yuan Festival is the famous Obon. Yulan Pills will be Buddhism, "Green Mud Po" records: "Mu Lian saves the mother, has five flavors of Passion, and supports ten squares in the pot to get rid of the suffering of hungry ghosts." He also said: "Yulan, Tianzhu language also, Judiyun is also suspended from the urgency," Yulan Pen will have the six dynasties, with a long history. In simple terms, it is a ritual of Buddhism. The scale can be large or small. The Zhongyuan Festival in Suzhou also has the custom of holding the Bon Association. On that day, the people of Suzhou Lili will gather money. "". (Southern Song) Lin Tingzheng "Five Hundred Luo Han Shi Fan Hungry Ghost Picture"

Boston Art Collection

(Ming) Partial part of Wu Bin's "Age of Huali Sheng"

Taipei Palace Museum Collection

In the picture, the monk sets the altar for the dead soul

At the same time, the people will use paper to become countless ghosts, gongs and drums, and rally of Xiangting Pavilion in the streets. This is the real "Obon". And those who have the heart "or paper -cutting as a lotus lamp, floating in the water, is the river lamp". This kind of river light is called "water and dry lamp", the purpose is to follow the suffering of the ghost. Of course, this day is not enough to be this desolate scene. There are also "wine people are stunned, the fireworks are binding, and the fireworks, geese, turtles, water and fire are scattered in the middle of the night". "Because of its magnificent scenery, it is often intoxicating. In" Wu County, Hua Jili ", a" Putting River Light "in Liu Boyan is included. Dial:

Golden Lotus Wanyang was in the middle, and he was suspected to see Pan Fei.

Bright fish dragon leave the cave house, shadow Hongyan chaos.

Ling Bo may not pass Yinpu, while the moon is close to the colorful boat.

Suddenly Yiyi was in the pan -in -laws, and she was full of winds.

Whether it is the ancestor of the Chinese and Yuan Festival or the Ben Bon Club, it is the soul of the soul, and it is natural to send a remarkable move. However, for farmers in Suzhou, what is going to do on the day of the Chinese Yuan Festival is not just remote thoughts. Early autumn every year is when the locusts are raging. The so -called "Qingmiao Club" was held in the Yuan Festival: "Zhongyuan Jihou, Tianshi cultivated, each money set up animals, welcomes the generals of the general, drums and drinks, Siye inserts five -color town paper to drive the locust." There are different claims in the Qing Miao Association in different regions. The "Qingmiao Club" recorded in "Zhongwu Jiwen" is another version. Chenghe, Runze people, the local people set up a temple for their ancestral temples, holding the Qingmiao Association every year on the Qixi Festival to pray for the wind and rain.

In addition to holding the Qingmiao Association in the Zhongyuan Festival, the farmers will also sacrifice the field gods on the day of the Zhongyuan Festival. On the day of the Central and Yuan Festival, Murang Weng Township's old -fashioned money was made in the Tugushen Temple, and the rich sacrifice was set up to the sacrifice, and the gongs and drums were invited to hold a sacrifice ceremony. Men and women in the village generally gathered and observed. At the time of dispersing the meeting, you can get sacrifice for sacrifice, fruit cakes and other sacrifices; there are also another sacrifice method called "Qitian Tou", that is, the genus of "pink balls, chickens, melon and vegetables, at the crossroads of the field, "Wish it to sacrifice it", of course, the latter is much easier than the former.

(Qing) Partial part of Chen Mei's "Sacrifice of the Gear and Weaving Labram"

Taipei Palace Museum Collection

Qizi Mountain on the southwestern suburbs of Suzhou City was also lively on the Central Yuan Festival. In the ancient Taoist fairy system, the heavenly officials, the earth officials and the water official were used as the three official gods, and the Wu people above the Yuan, Zhongyuan, and Xiayuan were the birthday of the three officials. For a while, those who believe in the "Three Officials" must keep fasting, which is called "three official vegetarian". There is a Sanfu Palace on the Qizi Mountain outside Suzhou City. It is a Lingying and the incense is full of incense. Especially the incense of the Zhongyuan Festival is the most strong. In the same way, the road is endless, compared to the Jiyi Ji Ji Ji ", there are also extremely devout believers, inserted on the small stool with fragrant candles, worship the ground step by step, and it is endless. Those who can also find the magic lamp from the Sanguan Temple, and the home is hung on the door. Wu Renxin can solve it.

(Southern Song Dynasty) Ma scale (biography) "Three officials out of the Tour"

Taipei Palace Museum Collection

Third, book night

After the Chinese Yuan Festival, the farmers of Suzhou will begin to "leave rice". "Fo Li Tian" means that after the Zhongyuan Festival, Suzhou farmers no longer use water to irrigate the rice fields, but let the sun expose the rice fields and make the rice fields dry. The invalid split, so that the rice grows is full of granules. After more than ten days of "rest rice days", the water should be repaid as usual, that is, the water is cited to the paddy field for irrigation. There is also a proverb saying: "Three -point rain before autumn, one gold in front of the hall." It is said that if the summer after the beginning of the autumn can be universally descended to the rain, the rice will also harvest the spikes of that year.

Although the weather is still hot after the beginning of autumn, the fact that the autumn is getting stronger, just as the poet Liu Han of the Southern Song Dynasty was awakened by the coolness in the autumn night, and the feeling of coolness in the night was cool, and he got up to find the autumn color. Falling leaves (see Liu Han's "Lizhou Autumn"), the autumn night after the autumn is also a sleeping night for many scholars in Suzhou. Although Suzhou's scholars do not have the burden of burden as farmers, their desire to get the name is not dare to slack off. Yuan Jinglan, the author of "Wujunshi Huali Li", was also one of the countless scholars who founded the name. Presumably, he also burned the ointment and read the lights at night, so he appreciated the autumn night night reading in the book. The people are "Burning Ointment, Bowing the Year, how diligence is also. Of course, in the eyes of many scholars, Yu Liangqiu's reading was not a miserable thing. Su Dongpo once said: "The age of the year goes to autumn, the wind and rain are gloomy. "It’ s good to be fun. ”This saying is the joy of reading at night. Yuan Jinglan also sighed in the book:“ When the Liang Qiu July July, the rainfall of the country, the dysfunction of the summer, the lightwear, a lantern pool, window bamboo, window bamboo, window bamboo, window bamboo, window bamboo, window bamboo, window bamboo Xiao Xiao, exhibition volume Gao Yin, is the most blessing on earth. " The autumn night is getting longer, and the coolness is getting stronger. The Suzhou literati exhibition rolls high, echoing with the early autumn, and the sound of many endings is very touching. The ancient poems are cloudy: "Mingyue Jiao Nights, Promote the East Wall of the East", but I do n’t know the chanting chanting. The sound of reading and lingering in Langlang would disturb the dream of whose clearing and let him get up to find autumn?

(Qing) Lin Shu's "Reading of Autumn Night" private treasures

Conclusion

The autumn, yin and yang turned each other. Although the heat was not disappeared, it could not stop the coolness of coolness, and the more intense harvesting breath in the air also comforted the hot heart of the farmers; The river lights that are drifting away in the river are sent to another world. From Liqiu to Zhongyuan, in the old days, the people of Suzhou took the time to the time and went to the vulgarity. It was in order to make life in order without losing. The drama, the autumn night exhibition volume is a seasoning for the ancients to live a boring life. In this way, their lives are like a sound of a rampant, and they have changed a lot and vibrant.

references:

1. (Qing) Yuan Jinglan: "Wu County, Huali Li", Nanjing: Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1998.

2. (Song) Fan Chengda: "Wu Junzhi", Nanjing: Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1999.

3. (Qing) Gu Lu: "Qing Jia Lu", Nanjing: Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 1999.

4. Cai Limin: "Suzhou Folk Customs", Suzhou: Suzhou University Press, 2000.

Disclaimer: The original article of the museum is reproduced and must be authorized by the museum. The original articles of public welfare articles, the copyright of the picture belongs to the collector or the creator.

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