Sun Zhongyuan: The significance of "Mo Jing" unique study of rescue research

Summary: "Mo Jing" is the theoretical fruit developed to the advanced stage of ink science. It is a miniature encyclopedia of ancient Chinese science. In the extremely concentrated and refined language, the technical experience of various handicraft craftsmen at that time, after deep processing of abstract rational thinking through abstract rational thinking, The system that condenses the principles of scientific knowledge in various scientific knowledge constitutes the heavy town and paradigm of ancient Chinese science. Today we study three main points of the Mo Jing: First of all, the "Mo Jing" is the important town of ancient Chinese science. It has a prominent status in the domain of ancient Chinese science. The Mo Jing is a paradigm of ancient science in China, that is, the "imitated" program defined by the "Small" definition. At the theoretical, historical and realistic level, there is a scientific meaning worthy of reference. The value, significance, function and function of sexual research.

Keywords: Mo Xue "Mo Jing" in ancient Chinese science Chinese excellent traditional culture

Author Sun Zhongyuan, Professor of Philosophy of Renmin University of China (Beijing 100872).

Source: "Chinese Social Science Evaluation" 2022, No. 2 P131 — P136

Editor in charge: Xue Gang

1. "Mo Jing" is an ancient scientific town in China

1. The status of the "Mo Jing" in ancient Chinese science is the basic cognition of the academic community. The first representative was the Jin Dynasty Lusheng. Wei Jin's first Qin Ming defense recovered his mind, and Lu Sheng admired the name (logic) of the Mo Jing (logic). He changed the "Mo Jing" and called "Mo Debany" and "Debate Scriptures", highlighting the "Mo Jing" as the logic of the Mojia logic "heavy town". The structure and expression of all the "Ink Scriptures" consciously use the logical "famous words" (concept judgment reasoning). Lu Sheng's so -called "Book of the Scriptures" is famous, that is, the "Mo Jing" and "Mo Debar" constitute the foundation of Chinese logic. Although Mencius is fierce in political ethics, it is fierce and difficult to attack Mozi and love in Mozi and love. The argument was the same as in Mo "). Yi Lusheng's original intention, to revive the pre -Qin Dynasty name (logic) to learn, and abandon the Mo Jing, there is no other. Lu Sheng's monograph "Ink Debate", despite being "called by the world", is still "lost." Nowadays, the "Ink Debate Note" quoted from Fang Xuanling and others, peeking at Zhiru Sheng respects the "Mo Jing" ("Ink Debate" and "Debate Sutra").

The second representative is Liang Qichao in modern times. In 1904, in the "New People's Cong", he contained the long text "The Theory of Mozi", the appendix "The Confucianism of the Mozi" (logic), and 1921 "The Mo Jing Interpretation" and "Mozi Study Case". Liang Qichao said: "The most dense and most useful and most useful and most useful, and Mozi is like Mozi." "The most important part of the" Mo Jing "is naturally in famous science (logic). Those who discuss the principles of famous science in the" Scriptures "are about one quarter, and others also use 'famous science' ' The interpretation is inductive and the righteousness is also established. "" In ancient Chinese books, those who want to suspend the so -called scientific spirit of the world in this world are just "ink sutras", and the "Mo Jing" is just stunned. "

The third representative is Hu Shi. Hu Shi believes that the author of "Mo Jing" is "scientific and logical ink family". "; They" are great scientists, logicists, and philosophers "," academic schools as scientific research and logic "," the only Chinese ideological school of scientific logic of development summarization and interpretation methods "," In the history of ideas, the most systematic development doctrine that contributes logical methods to China ";" Mo Determine "is the most important book in ancient Chinese famous sciences." " The position. "Hu Shi commented:" These four works (referring to the narrow "Mo Jing") have become a group, which contains logic, psychology, economics, political and grammatical rules, mathematics, mechanics, optics and other aspects. Theory. "" These four works are evidence of scientific achievements in ancient Chinese scientific achievements. "" They have no supernatural and even superstition. " "There is no doubt that these works are a product of a scientific era" and "the only book with real valuables."

The fourth representative is Shen You Ding. He has the "Logic of the Ink Scripture", and affirmed that the "Mo Jing" has a complete debate system, systemic logic, and represents the glorious achievements of ancient Chinese logic. The development of ancient Chinese logic to the "Mo Jing" is like climbing to the peak. The "Mo Jing" summarizes ancient Chinese science, raises scientific methods to a conscious level, and promotes scientific development. The logic of the Mo Jing is a tool for cognitive science, and the achievement is not under the logic of ancient Greece and India.

2. Division research, extensive and profound. "Mo Jing" is a unique study. To understand the "Mo Jing" is the heavy town of ancient Chinese science. It is necessary to use the dialectical logic methods combined with analysis and comprehensive to analyze all texts and comprehensive theoretical systems. The analysis is decomposed by the overall ("both") of the "Mo Jing" to each part ("body", "Scripture": "body, divided into both"), recognize the scientific category of each part Principle. Through the scientific analysis of the subsystems of the Mo Jing, on the new basis, the results of the analysis will be combined again to constitute a new theoretical system for rescue and innovative research in the Mo Jing, and scientific cognition Overall category and principle. Modern scientific research, different categories, is an analysis and comprehensive oppositional unity. Comprehensive, analysis, and combined on the new basis, reflect the dialectical cognitive path of "positive and negative" spiral rising. The legitimacy of the Study Division of the Moral Sutra is rooted in the necessity of using analysis methods in modern scientific research. The analysis method of scientific research must not be separated. There is no scientific synthesis without scientific analysis. Analysis and comprehensive oppositional unity is a dialectical logic scientific research method. The initial original ecological synthesis of the "Mo Jing" is an operating object of modern scientific research division of different categories, analysis and comprehensive combination. The scientific research of the Mo Jing science, innovative explanation of the scope and principles of various disciplines of the Mo Jing, is a key part of the unique study of rescue and innovative research. Fusion. The author is hired by the editor -in -chief of "Chinese Ceremony · Philosophy" and deputy editor -in -chief of the "Hundreds of Sons". He has participated in the work for many years, polished the fixed manuscript, and deeply understands that the "Mo Jing" must introduce modern scientific analysis methods. Law. "Mo Jing" is divided into eighteen doors, including five natural disciplines: optics, mechanics, simple mechanics, mathematics and physics; 13th door of humanities: logic (logic), body philosophy (world view, cosmic view, body theory theory , Existence theory, metaphysical school), cognitive philosophy (cognitive theory, epistemology), method philosophy (methodology), scientific and technological philosophy (dialectics), historical philosophy (historical view), economics, political science, ethics, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education, education Language, literature, art aesthetics and military science. In a sense, this is a summary of the "Mo Jing" rescue and innovative research, and a new theoretical system composed of the scientific analysis and comprehensive study of the Mo Jing.

3. Craftsmanship, theoretical improvement. The "Mo Jing" special entry summarizes the mechanism of the formation of scientific knowledge. Article 96 of the Scripture says: "Qiao Zhuan is asking for it." That is the reasons and laws of seeking handicraft skills of generations. "Small" said: "It's also, so there are." Therefore, it is the cause of the status quo. Article 97 of the Scripture Story said: "The law is the same, and the passage is passed."

The results of the division and specialization of the sons of the sons, the comprehensive role of the motivation and tension of various factors, promoted the author of the Mo Jing to specifically summarize the traditional Chinese scientific knowledge. At that time, the theoretical sublimation of members of the Mo family engaged in various handicraft technologies was sublimated. The value of the Mo Jing is unique. It is a summary of the hundreds of sons and scientific cognition. The "Mo Jing" summarizes the traditional Chinese scientific knowledge. It is unique in the hundreds of the pre -Qin sons. In the world of the same period, it is also unique. The most significant trait of the Mo Jing is to condense traditional Chinese scientific knowledge and condense miniature encyclopedia. The "Mo Jing" had the world's top optical knowledge at that time, which enlightened the creativity of the latest technology invented the Mozi quantum satellite. The Mo Jing had the world's top logic system at that time, with the logic of ancient Greece and India's triple -footed. The "Mo Jing" has exquisite rationality. Since the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the text collation, training, and research of "Mozi" are strong, and the value value of its righteousness has gradually been recognized. The Innovation of the Mo Jing played a demonstration of Mozi and love, it is still utilitarian, and it is important to push the logic and science creation of the Mo family to the extreme and climb to the peak. Li Joseph, a well -known historian of Britain, pointed out: "In the early stage, the Mohist paid attention to ethical and social life, and in the later period of the Mohist attaches importance to logic and science."

The "Mo Jing" talks about science and contribute valuable intellectual heritage to human beings. It is a source of living water that is inexhaustible and inexhaustible with modern culture. For hundreds of years, the scholars have been admitted to the scholarship of Mo Xue, and their lofty value has gradually been affirmed. The Mo Jing is the world's top logic and scientific theory. The reason for the reason for the reason, summarizes the general laws of heaven and man, and develops ink science to a new stage. It has important inspiration and reference value for today's people. In the sense of logic and science, the Mo Jing is more valuable than any other classics in the same age. As an ancient micro -encyclopedia, "Mo Jing" covers various disciplines. It is the essence of ink science and an excellent heritage of all human beings. It has important modern and world value. It is the logic and science book of human contributions to the Mohist. UNESCO Director -General Audrey Azoulay said at World Logic Day, " Or in the writings of Spearza, or the classics of the founding people from the Chinese Mojia School to the founding people of India, we can all see that logical research has always attracted countless philosophers and mathematicians for thousands of years. "

The classics of "Chinese Mojia School" refers to the Mo Jing. The logic of "Mo Jing" is an outstanding achievement of the pre -Qin and Qin sons, and it is an outstanding cultural heritage of all human beings. It has important modern value and is recognized by the world. The narrow "Mo Jing", explaining nature from nature itself, does not mix any superstition factor of ghosts and gods, is completely athement, the world's top scientific and humanistic knowledge at that time, the brilliant progress in the history of the development of ink, the era of Chinese cultural axis. The history of history is absolute. 2. "Mo Jing" is a typical example of ancient Chinese science

1. The structure and expression of the four articles of the "Ink Scriptures" reflect the typical, model and paradigm of ancient Chinese science. "Scripture" is the definition and proposition principle of the scientific categories of each door. "Small" says: "Those who are the effect are also the law, the effect is, so the method is also the method, so the effect is, the effect is not the effect, the effect is not the same." "Effect": "Effect": Imitation, imitating, and effectiveness, that is, to provide imitation imitation typical, model, paradigm, program and formula. "Said": "Effects, like it." "Jade Articles": "Effects, method also effect." Liang Qichao's "The Confucianism of Mozi" explained that the "effect" of "Little" contains the meaning of "French" It has two meanings: Form (form) and LAW (laws, laws) of Western language. The definition of "Xiaosu" for "effect" is "for the law", and believes that "the middle effect is, the effect is not the effect is not", and the "effect" is a standard legal principle and formula that can be followed. Hu Shi said: "The" Scripture "is all boundary (definition), and the style of style is similar to the world in recent world geometry." The theorem '. "" Scripture "and" Scripture "are the format of concentrated argument.

There are 183 articles in the "Ink Scriptures", with 71 articles specializing in logic, accounting for nearly 40%of the length. 183 "Scriptures" are all expressed in the form of "debate" and "famous words" (conceptual prediction). "Mo Jing" Yuan Dian text, carefully analyze the research, can be seen everywhere large systems and small systems at different levels. The Mathematics of Mo Jing, systematically discusses the category and principles of "Fangyuan is straight, dot -line faces, intersection, combination, cutting, separation, poverty, infinite". This is a relatively large system of Mathematics Mathematics, which contains many relative small systems. First define the concepts of "middle" (round heart) and "the same length", and on this basis, then define the concept of "circle, one middle and the same length", which is a case of "relatively large system contains relatively small systems". Article 58 of the Scripture, first defines the nature of the straight line, says: "Straight, participate." "Straight": Straight. "Ginseng": Add the other two points in the third point. Line nature: One point, just in the other two points. Three points on the line, one point is just between the other two points. Article 59 of "Scripture", then define the nature of the circle: "Yuan, one middle and the same as the long." "Scripture", then revealing the principle of the relationship between the circle and the straight line (theorem) said: "The circle has nothing Straight. "The circular week is the arc, not a straight line, and the straight line cannot be accommodated at the circular week. Because the nature of the straight line can be defined with the relationship between three points, and the three points cannot be accommodated at the circle. This is also a case of "relative system contains relative systems". "Scripture" said: "Therefore, the income is later." That is, "reason" is to get it, and it can form a result. This is the definition of "reason" (reason, reason, basis). For example, "Scripture" explained: "Therefore. Little reason: there is no necessity, no other is necessary. If the body is also, there is a end. Big: there must be, no other. "That is" small reason "(part of the elements in the reason, that is, the necessary conditions): With it, there may not be a result. Without it, there must be no result. "Small reason" is part of the reason for the formation of a certain result. "Big reason" (the reason for the formation of a result is equivalent to sufficient necessary conditions): with it, there must be a certain result. Without it, there must be no result. If you have the reasons (conditions), you will become a fact. This is the division, classification, definition, and examples of "reason, reasons, reasons, basis).

Article 165 of the Scripture says: "For a long time, say it is long, say that the journey of a certain length requires a certain length of time. The reason for the demonstration is that there is a difference between a person who takes a certain length. This is a demonstration of the principle of time and space the unity of time and space opposition between time and space. For example, "Scripture Speaking" explains: "Own. The pedestrian must be close to the far away: the far away and the repairs are long. , Then go far. The length of the space constitutes the space has constituted a long time. The public must have a certain length of time to take a certain length. Time is divided into two forms of poor and infinite. This is the expansion of the form of concentrated argumentation of the unity of time and space in the "Scripture", with typical examples and division and classification. All the Mo Jing shows the typical, model, model and paradigm of the definition, division, and original theory of scientific categories everywhere. It is a conscious implementation of the principle of "effect" (formula "(formulating formula).

2. Systematic theory and historical sense. Systematic theory and overall theory are the primary guidelines of the Study Study of the Mo Jing. The four Yuan Dian in the "Mo Jing" is the principle system of the ancient scientific scientific category of Chinese in the Mohist family. There are strict scientific division of labor up and down, "Scripture" and "Scripture", which are 100 articles on the up and down. It is a argument for the scientific principles of each door. Shen Youding said: "" Scriptures up and down "and" Scripture "are a school theory of systematic science. It is impossible to give some parts to this school and give the other part to another." "As for" Scripture "and "Scripture", let alone one early, one night. "Scripture" and "Scripture" focus on definition and classification. The focus on the parts of the argument is left to the "Scripture" and "Scripture Speaking". Can it be said that one faction specifically speaks and classified, and the other seizure of demonstrations? Many people have a simple text because of the text of the Scripture. This is really 'unsuspecting'. Guo Lao does not understand the structure of the Mo Jing, so there is also this error. "The use of systematic theory and overall theory is the first part of the scientific research of" Mo Jing ". The use of system theory and overall theory, observing and analyzing the "Mo Jing" Yuan Dian, highlighting the four articles of the "Ink Scriptures", which is an inseparable system as a whole. The use of systematic theory and overall theory and methods will never be rashly asserted: "The Scripture is the work of Mozi in the first fifth century, and" Scripture "is the work of the ink family in the first three centuries." The division of the statement, that is, definition and argumentation, is by no means a sign of differences in the Mojia era. Using the method of changing the development and changes, historical views, historicalism and historical analysis methods of modern science, to examine Mozi's "ten theories" (Shangxian, Shang Tong, Ai Ai, Non, use, funeral, Tianzhi, Ming Gui, Ghost Ghost, Ghost Ghost, Ghost Ghost , Non -music, non -fate) and the way of the "Mo Jing" in the narrow sense, examine its context, semantics and grammar, and summarize the laws of ink science development. By the process of rational abstraction, and then the development and change of rationality. Confirm that from Mozi's "Ten theory", qualitative changes to "Mo Jing", reflecting the scientific cognition of the ink academic community. To the essence, from the abstract summary of part of the essence, to the overall grasp of the overall essence. Four "Mo Jing" in the narrow sense is the category and principle system of ancient Chinese science. It is a highly comprehensive synthesis of the integration, diversity, and abstract theoretical thinking of many abstract regulations.

Modern Study Study Studies, advocate scientific examination, guide the correct historical outlook, and correctly use interpretation logic, rational thinking, theoretical proof, scientific imagination, and various abstract thinking and rational cognitive methods to rough and refine it. As a result, from the table and inside, from grammar, semantics, language, and context, comprehensively interpret the "Ink Sutra". Today's "Ink Scripture" unique studies cannot be imagined, superficial observations, and one -sided induction. Ink killing ink studies from low -level to advanced, from simple to complex, from abstract to specific objective development rules during the Warring States Period. Read the four complete writing structures of the narrow "Mo Jing": "Scripture" and "Scripture" are the definition and simple propositions of conceptual categories.

The rules of development of ideological history must be experienced from low to advanced, from simple to complex, from perceptual specific to rational abstraction, to rational and specific dialectical logic processes. Latay "The Origin of the Origin of Thinking" said "the origin of abstract ideas": "The history of the meaning of the meaning of words has solved the first difficulty; it pointed us that the specific meaning is often preceded by abstract significance." According to the four articles of Mozi's "Ten theory" and "Mo Jing", it can prove the rules of ideological history revealed by Lafaya. Comparing Mozi's "Ten theory" and "Mo Jing", the use of Mozi's concept of "class" and "old" and the abstract definition and theoretical sublimation of the "class" and "hometown" category in Mozi The objective and truthfulness of the rules of thought and history. The scientific category and principles of the "Mo Jing" are the theoretical crystals of the development of ink science to the peak period, and it is an objective fact of the history of the development of ink science.

3. Research on rescue, innovation and breakthroughs

1. "Workers want to be good, we must first benefit its instrument": the importance of using the world's advanced scientific methodology. "Mo Jing" unique studies and innovative research are systematic engineering that requires academic communities for a long time, and extremely difficult and complicated, including the theme, direction, goals and purpose of clear research (what to do). Tools and programs (how to do). It must be fully occupied, accurate and objective, rational processing, explore the internal connection of the Mozi Mo's "Mozi" and "Mo Jing", summarize the development laws, and reveal the deep implication of the "Mo Jing". The introduction of the world's advanced scientific methodology, the comparative studies of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, and the world's connectivity of China Unicom.

Guo Moruo mourned Du Guo's poems: "Mo Ming's unique academic needle refers to the tactics of Malaysian," the "Mo Jing" is unique, innovative, and breakthrough research. It is a key part of the world's advanced scientific research methodology. The study of the "Mo Jing" has achieved overall transcendence in the new era, and draws on the world's advanced scientific research methodology. The theory of scientific research paradigm of American scientific philosopher Kun, the Mathematical Mathematics program of German mathematician Hilbert, the language level of the Polish American logicist Tarsky, and the level theory of Fu Weixun's creative interpretation (it is actually called The meaning, the predicate, the predicate, and the creation) are of great significance for the new achievements of cross -disciplinary and cross -domain research, and promoting the achievement of the "Mo Jing" unique studies to achieve qualitative leaps and modern transformation. The method theory of "Mo Jing" is the inner principle of the "Mo Jing" the inner principles, the soul and concept of content. The theoretical characteristics of the scientific knowledge of the Mo Jing are the universality, profoundness and typical nature of the principle of its category. It has the general value of time and space with "all four seas, and all the hundreds of generations without it." For example, "Scripture" 1-6, the door is opened to see the basic principles of world view and epistemology of definition of cause and effect, overall part, cognitive ability, cognitive process, and knowledge activities. With the perspective of the paradigm concept and scientific paradigm conversion theory proposed by the scientific philosopher Kuen's "The Structure of the Scientific Revolution", the "Mo Jing" is unique. , Levels, methods, functions, consequences, evaluations, etc., there are different meta -properties, which are the conversion of scientific research paradigms and have the meaning of the scientific revolution. From the pioneering research of Liang Qichao and Hu Shi to the breakthrough research of Shen Youding, it has gradually completed the replacement of the ancient and modern research paradigm, and opened up a new outlook.

2. "The stone of other mountains can attack jade": comparative research, Chinese and foreign through. Modern scientific research methods are the key to combined with the study of Studies in Mo Jing today. The modern scientific signs revealed by the Mo Jing can only be understood after the modern scientific research method itself has been recognized. Liang Qichao said: "Everything in the world must compare it and then see its true. If there is no comparison, it is not a shortage of confidantes, and cannot be confidant." Liang Qichao explained that Mo Jie "proves with Taixi scholars" and "extended extension Touching, lending from the learning outside the territory to go "is a comparative research method. Hu Shi said: "Only those who have similar experience in comparative studies (for example in comparative linguistics) can truly understand the value of Western philosophy when helping me explain the ancient Chinese ideological system." It is predicted that his comparative research results, "" It may be helpful for future researchers in this area. "

Today's "Mo Jing" unique studies, the most important feature in methodology is comparative research. Only through the comparative study of seriousness and practical seeking can we correctly grasp the authenticity and profound implication of the unique learning of the Mo Jing. He Lin, who is engaged in the study of Chinese and Western philosophy and culture for life, said: "We can not only explain the west, to the west, and compare each other to increase understanding each other, but also make the Western philosophy sinicized to the effect of integration and integration. "

3. Academic application value. The first is the subject construction goal. In summary, Liang Qichao's research results of the "Mo Jing" of more than a hundred years, providing a masterpiece of the foundation and development of discipline construction and development. It has important influences of interdisciplinary and cross -domains. It is used as textbooks for colleges and universities on both sides of the strait. Followed by overall thinking. Creative interpretation of the deep meaning of the scientific science of the Mo Jing, revealing the principles of the mechanism of the formation of the scientific knowledge of the Mo Jing, the theoretical system of rich content and category principles, and showing the functional role and value significance of the discipline of the Ink Sutra in the global context A deep influence. Once again, research perspective. With modern scientific views, a new method of introducing meta -research (later research) consciously systematic systems, from the broad vision of theory, history and reality, and thoroughly study the scientific meaning of the "Ink Scripture", so that the research results are innovative and breakthrough. And transcendence. Finally, the research path. The system uses a new method of "Evis Evidence" (electronic digital research) to establish a new theoretical system. It has a thick academic content, the iconic significance of the epoch -making and the value of the handed down, and promotes the logic and reason of the Chinese nation. The inheritance of the excellent cultural essence of China has continued, and promoted the dialogue and exchanges of the world's science and culture, and connected each other.

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