Cultural Bay Area | Liquan is to go home -Xiao Hong's years in Hong Kong

Author:Crystal report Time:2022.06.17

Xiao Hong's life was in Hong Kong in the last two years. Here, she is lonely and lonely, her patients are entangled, and they have completed the famous articles such as "The Biography of the Hulan River". Xiao Hong's Hong Kong years are a "home" journey to return to the spiritual garden and literature.

■ Cai Yihuai

"Yes, I want to fly, but at the same time ... I will fall down."

That year, in Xi'an, she and Xiao Jun officially broke up. In a long talk with the poet Nie Yanbang, Nie said, "Xiao Hong, you have to be like a Dapeng golden -winged bird, fly high, fly far away", she answered, "I am a woman", "female", "female" The sky is low, "and his words will fall.

This seems to be a stingy, indicating her destiny, the last life of life on the journey of life.

This group of migratory birds turned to go south, bid farewell to the companions who rushed to the front line of the beacon, and bid farewell to a creative path.

She and Duanmu Liang settled in Wuhan, and then went to Chongqing, and eventually settled in Hong Kong, South China Island. Here, she spent a period of loneliness, and the patients who had been wondered for the years. Outstanding chapters such as skeleton and soul "have achieved the most brilliant achievements in their literary careers.

What the scenery here is so quiet and beautiful, there are mountains and trees, flowers with flowers and gentle birds, and more surging sea tide. In the face of Bicheng sea water, it will often make people intoxicating. Is the good situation of writing in the past? But huh, now I just feel lonely! I have no relationship here because I have no friends who have pushed my heart. ——A Xiao Hong wrote to the letter from the mainland friend Bai Lang.

Hong Kong gave her a desk

In January 1940, Xiao Hong and Duanmu Liang flew to Hong Kong at the age of 29 and lived in Jinda Trust, Tsim Sha Tsui, No. 3.

Their arrival set off a small whirlwind in the cultural community of Hong Kong.

Xiao Hong and Duanmu Liangzhao were in the Xi'an Eighth Route Army Office.

At that time, the Xiangjiang literary world crocked tiger, hidden dragon, and well -known writers and cultural people lived here. Xu Dishan, Mao Dun, Ye Lingfeng, Dai Wangshu, Xu Chi, Sa Kong, etc. Cultural communication, Hong Kong suddenly became a cultural town in China during the war.

Xiao Hong and Duanmu had just settled down. The editor -in -chief of the "Sing Tao Daily" deputy journal "Sing Tao Daily", Dai Wangshu, who served as the "Cultural Association" officer, visited the door, and invited the two to his "Linquanju" villa. Ye Lingfeng published the news of their deputy journal "Yanlin" who hosted the "Li Pao". The "Cultural Association" hosted all membership gatherings to pick up the wind for them. They immediately opened the situation, active in the cultural circle, and was overwhelmed.

However, a person with pure literature quality is not keen to pay for communication. After all, Xiao Hong is not a person who will be satisfied with the surface scenery. Her heart has another. As Schopenhauer said, "Living alone is the fate of all the great souls", Xiao Hong quickly returned to his world. If depression is her life background, then loneliness is her normality. At first glance, she was sparse, and her patients were often entangled, which deepened her nostalgia and loneliness. In the letter to the mainland friend Bai Lang, she wrote:

"I don't know why, Li, my mood is so depressed forever, how quiet and beautiful all the scenery here is, there are mountains and trees, flowers with mountains and gently, and there are surging tide. Cheng Haishui often makes people drunk. Isn't it the good realm I have dreamed of writing in the past? But huh, now I only feel lonely! I have no relationship here because I have no friends who have pushed my heart. "

Realistic suffering cannot be discharged, but the text is the best export to release loneliness. She used pen as a light boat to find the home garden and became the dream of hometown. In April, the end draft of the novel "Back Garden" was soon published in the "Dagong" supplement. This work wrote through the lonely situation: the Music Museum Feng Erchengzi secretly loved the little girl in the same yard, but never revealed the slightest. On the day when the girl got married, his head was buried low, and the little donkey with a blindfold of the eye mask pulled around the air. Old Mrs. Zhao asked him to carry the car to send off, and he sent him to the suburbs. At noon, he returned to the original road, walked halfway to look into the distance, and could not see a little shadow.

"The blue sky is so harsh, and there are no folds, it seems to be cut with blue paper."

Loneliness is colorful, a piece of pure blue paper. Imagine, why do people who have not suffered loneliness, why do you get this pen?

The discomfort of the climate environment is not difficult to overcome, but the suspicion of the same way is even more troublesome. Xiao Hong and Duanmu left Chongqing, and they hurriedly let too many people knowing. This attracted some criticism. Hu Feng said goodbye to her, and the response was fierce. He said in a letter to Xu Guangping that they "secretly flying the port and stopped the secret." Even after Xiao Hong's death, Hu Feng did not understand her. He wrote in "Mourning Xiao Hong": "She suddenly did not tell anyone, and went to Hong Kong with him (Duanmu Liang). The rear of the big? Why leave many familiar friends and the people here, and go to a place where she is not familiar with, unfamiliar, not words? I don’t know, no one can know their purpose and plan to plan Right? So she is away from the Mainland, and we can't know her situation. "

The rumors stabbed Xiao Hong's heart. In the letter to her friend Huagang (former editor -in -chief of the Xinhua Daily), she expressed dissatisfaction with Hu's "chaotic language", but still believed that "he probably did not fragrant" Essence Hua Gang intends to explain to Hu Feng on behalf of her, and she has a graceful thanks, thinking that to explain to a confused person who thinks it is correct. In terms of, Xiao Hong's breakup and Xiao Jun's breaking up and Hu Feng have long been in the clue.

During the Mainland, Xiao Hong held up the banner of "Anti -Japanese War and Art" and noisy "writer to the battlefield". He had his own ideas for the relationship between "I" and "us". She realized that to be "us", first of all, she must admit the existence of "I". Otherwise, you will unknowingly belong to others and blindfold your eyes and rationality. She said very clearly in the simple book to Xiao Jun, "I think we are quarreling and the like, but also because of such the roots -whether it is for a person’s plan, or for most people." She in the concept of literature. Farther with them, they made their own voice: "The writer does not belong to a certain class, and the writer belongs to human beings. Now or in the past, the starting point of the writer's writing is the ignorance of human beings!" This is undoubtedly undoubtedly It is Xiao Hong's expression of spiritual independence in literary creation, and her "farewell" is not understood by everyone, and it is not difficult to push the reason.

She needs a place to return to the original point of spiritual and literary literature, and Hong Kong can give her a desk. She also explained the reason for the Flying Port to her friend, "Nothing wants to write longer works."

Shortly after the first arrival in Hong Kong, Xiao Hong and Duanmu attended the symposium at the Arts and Cultural Society of Lingnan University. In the speech, Xiao Hong once again expressed the proposition of inconsistent tide:

Today, we should work hard to write each other. Our literary works should be deeper than ordinary people's common sense. There are also disadvantages of the Anti -Japanese War, but we must use literature to correct its shortcomings. In addition to correcting reality, literature also needs to improve reality.

Can the writer be written before the battlefield? OK. In the rear reality, as long as we can reflect in depth, it is also valuable, because the Anti -Japanese War has affected every corner of China. For example, Hong Kong, aren't there many people in Hong Kong doing work to save the country? Their work is also related to the Anti -Japanese War.

You can also write more familiar with the class of your own life.

We have to see clearly, but don't pay attention to the past.

She has a negative attitude towards the utilitarian literature and art during the battle, and is also showing her literary ideals with her work.

In June of this year, the "Cultural Association" prepared to host the commemorative event of Lu Xun's 60th birthday, and decided to express Lu Xun's life in the form of drama. The screenwriter of "National Soul Lu Xun" fell on Xiao Hong's head, because she was the most familiar with Lu Xun's life among Hong Kong culture. In the form of mime, Lu Xun's life has not been used as a stage operation without lines. The difficulty can be imagined. When Xiao Hong heard Lu Xun's "encountering ghosts" when he was in Shanghai, there was such a scene in the play:

Lu Xun went to the wilderness alone.

There is a cemetery from a distance, and a ghost shadow is high and low, and the time is large ...

Lu Xun stunned for a while, suspecting that it was a man or a ghost, so he couldn't decide, and naturally he couldn't see the same way. When I walked to the ghost, I kicked with my feet. It was a person who squatted there. The kick was kicked up, revealing it was personal. He scared his hammer to fall to the ground, and fled with his legs.

Lu Xun sent it, down.

Lu Xun is the night guard in the iron house, and he has been fighting the charm all his life. This scene in the play is more appropriate to the performance of the Mr. Mr. image.

Xiao Hong really understands Lu Xun.

In fact, Lu Xun's influence on her has transformed into literary blood and focused on her soul. In the dialogue between Xi'an and Nie Yanbang, Xiao Hong's artistic consciousness can be seen:

"Lu Xun used a conscious intellectual to complain about his characters from heights. Some of his characters, some of which were conscious intellectuals, but the situation oppressed him and turned him into a heavenly life. No matter what is good. This is more sad than others. I started to complain about my characters. They are all natural slaves and all the slaves of the master. But I wrote it, my feeling changed. I think I think I do n’t compat with compassion, I am afraid they should have compassion for me! Mercy can only be from top to bottom, not from bottom to top, nor can it be between my peers. My character is higher than me. And I do n’t or have very few. It's over. This is the difference between me and Lu Xun. "

With such an artistic cognition, naturally there is a different literary height. The essence of creating is the independence of spirituality. It is to understand the recognition and respect of the value of life.

Under such creative concepts, the novels "Ma Bole" and "Hulan River Biography" were born at the age of 29 (1940), the latter, and the latter became the classic of Chinese novels in the twentieth century.

"There is a pity for the lonely woman in the world"

The years of living in Hong Kong are Xiao Hong's most powerful period. Probably there is a sense of urgency that is not me. She has a strokes at an amazing speed, and she is a good work at a shot.

After many years of wandering, the migratory birds in the northern country were tired and tired. From Hulan to Harbin, from Qingdao to Shanghai, from Dongdu to Japan to returning to China, eastward and west, ten years of migration, let her taste the taste of mixed life. Although this South Elementary School is a country, she was allowed to inhabits briefly. She had a dream of returning home, and the past dust was floating. The distance between time and space, and the discrete experience, adds a layer of beauty to the feelings of this hometown, and also made the people and things of the old garden flashed a halo. Xiao Hong once took a shelter No. 7 in the war.

At that time, Hong Kong Wenyuan was arguing that the "anti -new wind and snow and snowy moon" was raised. At that time, Yang Gang, the editor -in -chief of the Grand Press, was also a talented woman who published the article "Anti -New Wind Flower and Snow Moon -a Challenge to Hong Kong Literary and Arts", criticizing the writing of "suffering from the nation and not coming to society." echo. Xu Dishan, then director of the Chinese Department of the University of Hong Kong, and Lin Huanping, a cultural person, joined the argument and criticized the works of his hometown blindly.

Xiao Hong was indifferent to this time, and he still became the dream of hometown. She always opened away from reality, avoided catering in the current situation, and wrote a running counter to the main tide of the Anti -Japanese War. "The Biography of the Hulan River" is a affectionate look at his hometown, and it is also a affectionate hometown song. The work is based on the "Hulan River" in the northeast small town, showing its folk customs and folk customs, and revealing the conservative and ignorant folk society. She did not hesitate to paint the local customs of the local customs. The winter scene, street style, jumping god, singing Yangge, Yulan event, and river lights, but not the pastoral pasta of Qingfeng Langyue. The more important theme of the work is to show the true survival situation of folk society and reveal the spiritual state of the people's obscure.

Nothing to say, old, sick, and dead. After being born, he grows up naturally; when you grow up, you can grow up.

Old, it doesn't matter if you are old, you do n’t look at it; if you are deaf, you do n’t listen; when you lose your teeth, you swallow it; if you ca n’t move, you will paralyzed. Is there any way for this, who is old and who deserves it.

Disease, people eat grain miscellaneous grains, who does not get sick?

Dead, this time was a sad thing. His father died and his son cried; his son died and his mother cried; the brother died and cried; the sister -in -law died, and her mother's family was crying.

In this work, Xiao Hong asked readers to see an unwavering ethnic group. "They can't see what is bright, even at all," "They are such people, they don’t know where the light is." Hope, I just want to be full, wearing a warmer "," I come against it, and I will. "

This work has no blood and fire, and there is no grand narrative scene. It is indeed not tuned with the main wave of the Anti -Japanese War literature, but it is by no means a shallow "wind and snowy moon". The "national suffering" and "social suffering" it revealed is deeper and deeper. This work is not so much a novel, it is better to be a blown -style long rumor.

However, some people have a very good word for Xiao Hong's life and creation during this period. For example, Hu Feng, who had highly evaluated the "Life and Death Field", thought that she was "destroyed" by a certain kind of stale force. In 1946, at the meeting of the fourth anniversary of Xiao Hong's death, he said: "Xiao Hong later walked to the path of leaving the people out of life. Some people are critical of her creation from the characteristics of the novel, thinking that the "Biography of the Hulan River" "does not look like" novels. Instead, Mao Dun saw Xiao Hong's life from this work, especially her "loneliness", and fully affirmed her creation. In the preface, he said: "The main points are not in the" Holan River Biography "is not like a strict novel, but in addition to this 'unlike', there are something else -some more 'like' one -one -one -one -one one The novels are more 'seductive': it is a narrative poem, a colorful local painting, a bunch of euphemistic ballads. "

"Hulan River Biography" 1988 Hong Kong Zhongliu Press Version

"Ma Bole" 1979 Hong Kong Creation Book Society Version

"Memories Mr. Lu Xun" 1930 Shanghai Living Bookstore Version

At the age of thirty, Xiao Hong's "Another Pen Years" (1941), but in the period when he entered a good realm, stayed in the hospital and often went in and out of the hospital. This year, she and Duanmu moved to Tsim Sha Tsui. Here she created "North China" and "Small Town March". During this period, many cultural celebrities have visited the door one after another, and one of the special guests is the American left -wing journalist Strak. The humble living room and Xiao Hong's condition surprised Strak. She did not expect that an excellent female writer lived so hard. The enthusiastic Americans immediately insisted on inviting Xiao Hong to the country villas she lived in for recuperation, and contacted her to arrange hospitalization for her.

At that time, Liu Yazi, a poet in Harbor, was also a frequent visitor to Le Dao. He and Xiao Hong saw that he had a poem. Xiao Hong, who was lying about the illness, often sat on his pillow and talked to the poet. One day, Liu Yazi took out the poem book and asked her to ask her poem. Xiao Hong left a phrase, "There is a pity of the lonely women in the world", and tears like rain.

How can I say to others without tears?

In June of this year, Hu Feng also visited Xiao Hong in the sickness. He later wrote down such a stroke in the memoir: "Whether her living conditions or mental state, it gave me a kind of pale impression that she was not angry." She was "dim" and "yellow." At that time, Zhou Yibiwen, a northeast democracy in exile in Hong Kong, visited Le Dao and saw Xiao Hong in the empty room and Xiao Hong. In the last journey of Xiao Hong's life journey, she always accompanied her by young writer Luo Binji. The Northeast Township arrived in Hong Kong after the "South Anhui Incident". He is not scattered to ask his life with Duanben Liang, who hosted "Times Literature", and thus entering their lives. Xiao Hong entered and leaving the hospital, but fortunately Luo Binji rushed to take care of it. In December, the Pacific War broke out, the war was extended to Hong Kong, and Xiao Hong was in danger again. She was lying on the stretcher and shifted around the escape crowd.

On December 25, black Christmas, Hong Kong fell. Xiao Hong's condition turned seriously. She was admitted to a private hospital and was misdiagnosed as throat. Then he moved to Mary Hospital to install a copper tube of his throat. At this time, I met the Japanese army forced Mary Hospital to drive away all the patients. She was transferred to the French hospital. However, it was then taken over by the Japanese army. French doctors transferred Xiao Hong to a temporary ambulance station set up at the Saint -Setti Girls' School. Here, a generation of talents died with hate at the age of 31.

Xiao Hong's ashes were divided into two copies, one was buried in the flower bed in front of the Laotuki Hotel, and the other was buried on the campus slope of the St. Shiti Girls' School.

In Xiao Hong's later works, "March of the Town" is a delicate work. She looked back at her homeland with her deep feelings, so that her soul could go home and settled. The story tells the sad life of Aunt Cui, began with the scenery of spring, and the metaphor of spring was concluded. "In my hometown, spring is fast ... Spring is like running as fast", "Why don't it come earlier in spring, come to our city to live more days." The fate of spring is so short. " With a regretful shortness of spring, she lamented the death of Aunt Cui, why is there no self -injury?

Xiao Hong is a woman who is unwilling to be imprisoned. She wants to fly, fly out of the family, and fly over. But as she said, "the sky of the woman is low", she left a life trajectory from "running" to "return to spiritual home", which was written in rebellion, hunger, love, disease, war, war fire. Life chapter.

She fell in the hate of "unwillingness and unwillingness", eternally resting in the blue sky and blue water, and she was transformed into a flying bird, hovering over Hong Kong.

Xiao Hong's "Exotic" handwriting.

Xiao Hong's book to Xiao Jun (photo)

■ Introduction to the author

Dr. Cai Yihuai Literature, Hong Kong writer, literary and cultural commentator, taught in many colleges and universities in Hong Kong, and taught creative writing and other courses. The works include the collection of novels "Qianchen Wind Moon", "East Tram", prose collection "Inn reflection", literary collection "Hong Kong people narrative", "seeing the city", "reading of our city", "novels, door", "creation", "creation", "creation" You can also "and so on. The novel "The Last Night of Hong Kong" won the 16th Hong Kong Youth Literature Award, the prose "Teacher Road" won the "First Global Fengzi Kai Prose Award". )Wait.